Chris Sanborn

Ancestors

Biography

Ancestors of note'

• World War 2

Gerard Lavoie, Walter Jay Hardy

• World War 1

Lyman Brackett Sanborn Jr, Charles Elmer Knight, Burton Wilder Knight

• Spanish American War

Arthur Francis Bartlett, Eustachio Hernandez Valdes

• Civil War Soldiers

Morrill Benjamin Sanborn, James Franklin Bartlett, Thomas Bartlett, George A Bartlett, Franklin Hawkes Farnsworth, John Edward Farnsworth, George Walter Farnsworth, Charles P Knight, Daniel Mason, Albert Preserved Guillow, Thomas Chamberlain, Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain, Samuel Everett Pingree

• Participants in the American Revolution

John Sanborn, Morrill Hobbs, Jonathan Nason, Nathaniel Wilder, Stephen Pingree, Jonas Farnsworth, John Farnsworth, Nathaniel Whittemore, Samuel Whittemore, Benjamin Albee, Thomas Bartlett, Joseph Cummings, Asa Jones, Francis Leighton, John Caverly, Ebenezer Bailey, Moses Hazen, Timothy Johnson, Moses Hazen, Josiah Bartlett, Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Hancock, Nathan Hale, Samuel Prescott, James Buxton, Joseph Jones, Asa Jones, Amos Farnsworth, Col. John Buttrick, Josiah Houghton

• The Battle of Bunker Hill

Asa Jones, Amos Farnsworth, Col. John Buttrick, Sargent Benjamin Prescott, Adonijah Howe

• The Battle of Concord and Lexington

James Buxton, Moses Hazen, Samuel Whittemore, Joseph Jones, Amos Farnsworth, Col. John Buttrick, Ebenezer Bailey, Josiah Houghton

• The Boston Tea Party

Nathaniel Greene, Joseph Bassett, Daniel Coolidge, Elijah Houghton, Samuel Howard

• The French and Indian war

Ebenezer Bailey, Samuel Whittemore,

• Salem Witch Trial

The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. More than 200 people were accused. Thirty people were found guilty, 19 of whom were executed by hanging. The episode is one of colonial America's most notorious cases of mass hysteria.

Abigail Dane, Rebecca Towne, Susanna North, Roger Toothtaker

• Nantucket Founders

In 1659, Thomas Mayhew sold his rights to Nantucket to a group of twenty English men from Massachusetts and New Hampshire who wanted to develop their own community outside the boundaries of Puritan control. Among the buyers were Thomas Macy, Mayhew’s cousin, and Tristram Coffin, father of the Coffin family in America. These men and their families became the first English settlers on Nantucket.

Tristram Coffin Sr., Tristram Coffin Jr., Peter Coffin, James Coffin, Stephen Greenleaf, Mary Coffin, Elizabeth Coffin, Dionis Stevens, John Coffin, Stephen Coffin, Anna Coffin

• Hampton New Hampshire Founders

The town was settled in 1638 by a group of parishioners led by Oxford University graduate Reverend Stephen Bachiler, who had formerly preached at the settlement's namesake: Hampton, England. The town, incorporated in 1639, once included Seabrook, Kensington, Danville, Kingston, East Kingston, Sandown, North Hampton and Hampton Falls. Rev. Stephen Bachiler, John Sanborn, Robert Tuck, William Sanborn, Stephen Sanborn

• Killed or Captured by Indians

Many family members were early pioneers living on the edges of English settlement, this was a dangerous place to live away from forts and in smaller numbers. Many individuals were attacked, and some killed and or captured for ransom.

Hannah Dustin, William Longley Killed, Deliverance Crispe Killed, William Longley III Killed, Jemima Longley Possibly Survived, Joseph Longley Killed, Nathaniel Longley Killed, Lydia Longley Captured and Sold, John Longley Ransomed, Richard Longley Killed, Betty Longley Killed, Benjamin Fifield Killed, Capt Nathaniel Wilder Killed

• Founding of Portland Maine

The next (and first permanent) settlement came in 1633 when George Cleeve and Richard Tucker established a fishing and trading village. The town was then renamed Casco. In 1658, the Massachusetts Bay Colony took control of the area, changing its name again, this time to Falmouth after Falmouth, England, the site of an important Parliamentary victory in the English Civil War. An obelisk monument at the end of Congress Street, where it meets the Eastern Promenade, commemorates the four historical names of Portland. George Cleeve 11th Great Grandfather

• King Philips War

King Philip's War sometimes called the First Indian War, or Metacom's War, was an armed conflict in 1675–1676 between a group of indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands and the English New England Colonies and their indigenous allies. The war is named for Metacomet, the Pokanoket chief and sachem of the Wampanoag who adopted the English name Philip because of the friendly relations between his father Massasoit and the Plymouth Colony. Major Benjamin Church emerged as the Puritan hero of the war; it was his company of Puritan rangers and Native American allies that finally hunted down and killed King Philip on August 12, 1676. The war continued in the most northern reaches of New England until the signing of the Treaty of Casco Bay on April 12, 1678.

Capt. Hugh Mason, Capt. Thomas Brooks, Lieutenant Thomas Adams, Major Charles Frost

• The Great Puritan Migration Immigrants

The Great Puritan Migration was a period between 1620 and 1642 when English Puritans migrated to the New World, particularly to New England, the Chesapeake and the West Indies. The Puritans came for a number of reasons, but mostly for religious freedom and economic opportunities. Puritans were non-conformists and dissidents who wanted to reform the Church of England. As a result, they were often subject to harsh laws and persecution in England on account of their religion which prompted many of them to leave England.

John Sanborn, Mary Tuck, Robert Tuck, Judith Greenleaf, Tristram Coffin Jr, Tristram Coffin Sr., Hannah Crafts, Robert Seaver, Elizabeth Seaver, John Goodrich, John Howe, William Ward, Edmund Rice, Thomasine Frost, Martha Lamson, William Hunt, Elizabeth Best, John Stone, Anne Rogers, Simon Willard, Dionis Stevens, Edmund Greenleaf, Sarah Moore, Anne Warde, Edward Colcord, William Fifield, Anthony Brackett, Michael Mitton, Elizabeth Cleeves, George Cleeve, Joan Price, William Freethy, Anthony Emery, Frances Porter, Sarah Baker, Nicholas Frost, Nicholas Hodsdon, Esther Wines, Thomas Curtis, Thomas Curtis, John Libby, Thomas Spencer, Patience Chadbourne, Nathan Lord, Nathan Lord, Martha Everett, William Everett, Francis Small, John Heard, Moses Pengry, Samuel Brocklebank, John Turner Sr., Humphrey Turner, Lydia Gaymer, Lucretia Oldham, Jonathan Brewster, William Keeney, William Douglas, Ann Mattle, Robert Jordan, Sarah Winter, George Farr, Elizabeth Stowers, John Prescott, Mary Gawkroger, John Loker, William Longley, Joanna Goffe, Thomas Lombard, William Walker, Nicholas Snow, John Whittemore, Thomas Whittemore, John Upham, Elizabeth Slade, Capt. Thomas Brooks, Grace Cundclif, Joshua Brooks, Capt. Hugh Mason, Hester Wells, Robert Blood, Elizabeth Willard, Adam Hawkes, Moses Maverick, John Maverick, Mary Gye, John Cogswell Jr., John Cogswell, Elizabeth Thompson, James Priest Sr., John Train, Daniel King Jr., Elizabeth Guy, Allen Bread II, Mary Sargent, Matthew Farrington Sr., Edmund Farrington, Elizabeth Newhall, Rev. William Sargent, Allen Bread, Thomas Marshall, Thomas Howlett, Alice French, Stephen Kinsley, Capt. Richard Brackett, Alice Blower, Thomas Blower, Alice Frost, Lieutenant Thomas Adams, Henry Adams, Edith Squire, Jacob Parker, Philip Knight, Robert Fletcher, Samuel Fletcher, Ezekiel Richardson, William Underwood, Sarah Pellet, Thomas Remington, Lieutenant John Remington, Capt. Richard Walker, Thomas Talmage, Daniel Hovey, Abigail Andrews, Robert Andrews, John Fuller, Elizabeth Emerson, Thomas Emerson, John Cheney, Francis Plummer, Thomas Treadwell, Thomas Treadwell, Mary Wilson, William Sawyer, Zachary Fitch, Samuel Walker, Lieutenant John Wyman, Sarah Nutt, Miles Nutt, Sarah Branson, Solomon Keyes, Robert Keyes, Sarah Swett, Moses Cleveland, Ann Winn, Richard Bartlett, Richard Bartlett, John Emery Jr., John Emery, Alse Gratham, William Moody II, Sarah Dudah, Capt. John Cutting, Mary Ward, George Little, Henry Blaisdell, Ralph Blaisdell, Garrett Haddon, George Martin, Susannah North, Richard North, Anthony Colby, William Sargent Sr., Elizabeth Perkins, Henry Ambrose, Edna Halsted, Richard Bailey, John Trumble, Nathan Halsted, John Webster, Mary Shatswell, John Haseltine, Joan Anter, William Palmer, Thomas Eaton Sr., John Eaton Sr., Richard Singletary, Susannah Cooke, John Ayer Sr., Richard Kimball, Ursula Scott, Robert Haseltine, Robert Day, Henry Farwell, Olive Welby, Isaac Learned, Mary Stearns, Capt. John White, Joane West, Thomas Rice Sr., Mary King, John Whitcomb, Frances Coggan, Lawrence Waters, Anne Linton, John Houghton, Lieutenant Griffin Crafts, Francis Kendall, Mary Tidd, John Tidd, Sgt. Thomas Rand, Robert Rand, Thomas Wilder, Mary Prescott, Gamaliel Beamon, Robert Thornton, John Gould, John Whitney, Ruth Reynolds, Robert Reynolds, Mary Curver, Ralph Mousall, Samuel Richardson, Joanna Thake, Thomas Hett, Ann Needham, Francis Dane, Elizabeth Ingalls, John Dane, Annis Telbe, Edmund Ingalls, Henry Ingalls, John Osgood, Sarah Booth, Mary Osgood, Elizabeth Ham, William Cotton, William Hearle, Lawrence Southwick, Cassandra Burnell, Joseph Boyce, Eleanor Plover, Jeremiah Meacham, Edward Gascoigne, Hannah Grant, Thomas Grant, Jane Haburne, Constance Brigham, Thomas Nelson, Capt. Philip Nelson, Sarah Jowett, Joseph Jewett, Mary Mallinson, George Varnum, Samuel Varnum, Roger Langton, Robert Adams, Eleanor Wilmot, Richard Pettingill, Joanna Ingersoll, Richard Ingersoll, Ann Langley, Daniel Thurston, John Pearson, Thomas Smith, Samuel Poore, Michael Hopkinson, Richard Clarke, John Johnson

• Mayflower Passengers
  

  Chris Sanborn is a descendant of Mayflower Passenger Stephen Hopkins.

The Pilgrims were a group of English people who came to America seeking religious freedom during the reign of King James I. The group of 102 passengers who crowded aboard Mayflower for the crossing was varied and included members of the Leiden congregation who were joined by a number of English families or individuals who were hoping to better their life situations, or were seeking financial gain. These two general groups have sometimes been referred to as the Saints and the Strangers. They arrived as winter was settling in and endured significant hardships as they struggled to establish a successful colony at Plymouth. They Learned to live with the native population. In time, with help from the natives, their colony flourished and led the way to establishing religious freedom and creating the foundations of the democracy Americans enjoy today. Their celebration of the first Thanksgiving has grown to become a festive national holiday.

Stephen Hopkins, Elizabeth Fisher, Constance Hopkins, Giles Hopkins, Damaris Hopkins, Oceanus Hopkins, Issac Allerton, Remember Allerton, Mary Norris, Bartholemew Allerton, Mary Allerton, William Brewster, Lover Brewster

• Jamestown Qualifying Ancestors

On May 14, 1607, a group of roughly 100 members of a joint venture called the Virginia Company founded the first permanent English settlement in North America on the banks of the James River. Famine, disease and conflict with local Native American tribes in the first two years brought Jamestown to the brink of failure before the arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies in 1610. Tobacco became Virginia’s first profitable export, and a period of peace followed the marriage of colonist John Rolfe to Pocahontas, the daughter of an Algonquian chief. Stephen Hopkins

• Filles à Marier

The Filles à Marier came to Quebec before the Filles du Roi. Between 1634 and September 1663, 262 filles à marier or marriageable girls” emigrated to New France representing one quarter of all the single girls arriving in New France through 1673. As opposed to the Filles du Roi who emigrated between 1663 and 1673, the filles à marier came alone or in small groups. They were not recruited by the state and did not receive a dowry from the King. They were promised nothing but the possibility of a better life. The filles à marier chose to emigrate under perilous conditions to a wilderness colony because the advantages offered by the colony were great enough to make them forget the dangers of the crossing and rude character of colonial life.

Marie Leclerc, Jeanne LeRoy, Anne Emard, Anne Martin, Anne Rivet, Marie Fayette, Marie Riton, Genevieve Gamache, Antoinette Grenier

• King’s Daughters (“filles du roi”) Founders of Québec

The Filles du Roi emigrated to New France (Canada) between 1663 and 1673 as The King's Daughters, women sent from France who were specifically subsidized by the king to become wives of the men settling New France.

Catherine de Baillon, Marie Anne Lagou, Marie Campion, Jeanne Savonnet, Jeanne Crossonneaux, Jeanne Chevalier, Marie Major, Marie Roy, Marguerite Yardin, Marie Beauregard, Marie Martine Crosnier

• Presidents of The United States of America

Our family connection to several Presidents of the United States of America.

George Washington 8th Cousin, John Adams 3rd Cousin, Thomas Jefferson 11th Cousin, James Madison 10th Cousin, John Quincy Adams 4th Cousin, William Henry Harrison 7th Cousin, John Tyler 10th Cousin, Zachary Taylor 4th Cousin, Millard Fillmore 5th Cousin, Franklin Pierce 3rd Cousin, James Buchanan 13th Cousin, Ulysses S Grant 15th Cousin, Rutherford B Hayes 5th Cousin, James Garfield 6th Cousin, Chester A Arthur 6th Cousin, Grover Cleveland 6th Cousin, Benjamin Harrison 8th Cousin, Theodore Roosevelt 15th Cousin, William Howard Taft 7th Cousin, Woodrow Wilson 15th Cousin, Warren G Harding 14th Cousin, Calvin Coolidge 5th Cousin, Herbert Hoover 8th Cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt 7th Cousin, Harry S Truman 16th Cousin, Lyndon B Johnson 13th Cousin, Richard M Nixon 9th Cousin, Gerald Ford 8th Cousin, Jimmy Carter 13th Cousin, Ronald Reagan 8th Cousin, George H Bush 9th Cousin, Bill Clinton 14th Cousin, George W Bush 10th Cousin, Barack Obama 10th Cousin

• The Battle of Flodden

The Battle of Flodden was a brutal defeat by The Kingdom of England against The Kingdom of Scotland. It was essentially a retaliation for King Henry VIII‘s invasion of France in May 1513. The invasion provoked the French King Louis XII to invoke the terms of the Auld Alliance, a defensive alliance between France and Scotland to deter England from invading either country, with a treaty that stipulated that if either country was invaded by England the other country would invade England in retaliation. The Scottish still remember the Battle of Flodden today with the haunting ballad and pipe tune “The Flowers of the Forest”. Written 300 years after Flodden, the lyrics are written to commemorate the fallen Scots.

• The English Army

Sir Thomas Dacre, Sir Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey, Sir Thomas Howard, Sir Edmund Howard, Sir Edward Stanley

• The Scots Army

Jmaes IV of Scotland, Sir William Graham

• The Most Noble Order of the Garter Founding Members

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by King Edward III King of England of England in 1348. In medieval times, King Edward III King of England was so inspired by tales of King Arthur and the chivalry of the Knights of the Round Table that he set up his own group of honorable knights, called the Order of the Garter. Various legends account for the origin of the Order. The most popular involves the " Katherine Grandison Countess of Salisbury, whose garter is said to have slipped from her leg while she was dancing at a court ball at Calais. When the surrounding courtiers snickered, the king picked it up and returned it to her, exclaiming, "Honi soit qui mal y pense!" Shame on him who thinks ill of it! which became the motto of the Knights of the Garter. King Edward III King of England, Sir Edward the Black Prince, Sir Thomas Holand Earl of Kent, Sir Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, Sir Henry of Grosmont Duke of Lancaster, Sir Roger Mortimer 2nd Earl of March, Sir Ralph Stafford, Sir William Montagu Earl of Salisbury, Sir Bartholomew Burghersh, Sir John Mohun, Sir Hugh de Courtenay, Sir Hugh de Courtenay, Lord John Grey, Sir James Audley, Katherine Grandison

• The Hundred Years War

The Hundred Years' War (French: Guerre de Cent Ans; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts fought between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from English claims to the French throne. The war grew into a broader power struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fueled by emerging nationalism on both sides. The periodization of the war takes place over 116 years, wherein the war was interrupted by several years of truces. The Hundred Years' War was a significant conflict in the Middle Ages. During the war, five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of France, which was then the dominant kingdom in Western Europe. The war had a lasting effect on European history. Both sides produced innovations in military technology and tactics, including professional standing armies and artillery, that permanently changed warfare in Europe. In 1328, Charles IV of France died without any sons or brothers, and a new principle, Salic law, disallowed female succession. Charles's closest male relative was his nephew Edward III of England, whose mother, Isabella, was Charles's sister. Isabella claimed the throne of France for her son by the rule of proximity of blood, but the French nobility rejected this, maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right she did not possess.

• The Edwardian Phase named because it was initiated by King Edward III of England, lasted from 1337 to 1360, who claimed the French throne in defiance of King Philip VI of France.

• English Side King Edward the III of England, Sir Edward the Black Prince, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, Sir Henry Le Scrope, Sir Henry de Ferrers, Sir William De Bohun Earl of Northampton, Sir Henry of Grosmont Duke of Lancaster, Sir Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, Sir Guy de Beauchamp, Sir William Montagu Earl of Salisbury, Sir Ralph Stafford, Sir Ralph Neville, Sir Henry de Percy

• French Side King Philippe Valois VI, King Jean Valois The Good, Charles Valois V, Charles Valois Count of Alençon, Charles de Blois Duke of Brittany, Louis de Blois, Philip Duke of Orleans, Sir Jean The Blind King of Bohemia, King David II of Scots

• The Caroline Phase was the second part of the Hundred Years' War between France and England, following the Edwardian War. It was named after Charles V of France, who resumed the war nine years after the Treaty of Brétigny signed 1360. The Kingdom of France dominated this phase of the war.

• English SideSir Edmund of Langley Duke of York, John Hastings Earl of Pembroke, Sir Adam Houghton,

• French SideOlivier de Clisson V, Philip the Bold

• The Plantagenet Dynasty

The Plantagenet Dynasty, was a royal house that originated from the lands of Anjou and Normandy in France. The family held the English throne from 1154 (with the accession of Henry II at the end of the Anarchy) to 1485, when Richard III died in battle. Everyone below is at least a 1st cousin.

Geoffrey 'Plantagenet' d'Anjou, Matilda 'Holy Roman Empress' Normandie, Hnery II King of England, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Geoffrey 'Archbishop of York' Plantagenet, Henry the Young King Plantagenet, Matilda Plantagenet, Richard I 'Lionheart' King of England, Geoffrey II 'Duke of Brittany' Plantagenet, Eleanor Plantagenet, Joan 'Queen of Sicily' Plantagenet, John 'Lackland' King of England, William Longespee, William Marshal, Simon de Montfort, Henry III 'of Winchester' King of England, Richard Earl of Cromwell Plantagenet, Isabell 'Holy Roman Empress' Plantagenet, Isabelle de Lusignan Queen of England, Edward I Longshanks, King of England, Margaret, Queen Consort of Scots, Sir Edmund Crouchback, Leonor' Queen of England' Castilla, Eleonore'Countess of Bar' Plantagenet, Joan of Acre Plantagenet, Elizabeth 'Countess of Hereford' Plantagenet, Humphrey de Bohun, Edward II King of England, Thomas 1st Earl of Norfolk, Plantagenet, Edmund 1st Earl of Kent Woodstock,

Edward III King Of England, Philippa Hainaut Queen of England, Edward The Black Prince, Duke of Woodstock, Prince John Earl of Cromwell, Eleanor of Woodstock, Joan of The Tower Queen of Scots, Isabella Plantagenet, Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, ,Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, Richard II King of England, John Holland, Duke of Exeter, Thomas Holland 2nd Earl of Kent

• The House of Lancaster

John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, Philippa Lancaster, Elizabeth Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter, Henry IV Bolingbroke King of England, Henry V, King of England, Thomas Lancaster, Duke of Clarence, John Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, Humphrey Lancaster, Duke of Gloucester, John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, Cardinal Henry Beaufort, Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland

• The House of York

Edmund of Langly, Duke of York, Constance York, Edward York, 2nd Duke of York, Richard York, Earl of Cambridge, Richard York, 3rd Duke of York, Anne Mortimer, Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford, Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham,Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess of Ulster, Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, Elizabeth Mortimer, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland

• The War of The Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne in the mid- to late fifteenth century. These wars were fought between supporters of two rival royal Houses of Plantagenet: Lancaster and York. The wars extinguished the last male line of the House of Lancaster in 1471, leading to the Tudor family inheriting the Lancastrian claim to the throne. Following the war and the extinction of the last male line of the House of York in 1483, a politically arranged marriage Between Henry the VII, and Elizabeth of York, creating a new royal dynasty which inherited the Yorkist claim as well, thereby resolving the conflict, and creating the Tudor Dynasty.

Richard York, Richard York, Edward IV York, Elizabeth Woodville, Edmund York, George Clarence, Richard III Plantagenet, Anne York, Cecily Neville, Richard 'Kingmaker' Neville, John Neville, William De La Pole, Margaret Beaufort, Thomas Stanley, Humphrey Stafford, Henry 'Duke of Buckingham' Stafford, Margaret Anjou, Henry VI of England, Catherine Valois, Henry V of England, Richard Plantagenet, Edward V Plantagenet, John 'Duke of Norfolk' Howard, Henry ‘Duke of Somerset’ Beaufort, Edmund ‘Duke of Somerset’ Beaufort, William ‘Lord Chamberlain’ Hastings, Henry Percy, Henry Percy, Sir Robert de Ogle, John Beaufort

• Royal Engineer

Sir Richard Lee was a military engineer in the service of Henry VIII of England, Edward VI and Elizabeth I. He was a commander of Henry VIII and appointed surveyor of the King's works. He was the first English engineer to be knighted. Sir Richard Lee

• Scotland Forever, Heroes of Scotland in the First War for Independence

The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between English and Scottish forces. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328. Independence was established in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn. The wars were caused by the attempts of the English kings to establish their authority over Scotland while Scots fought to keep English rule and authority out of Scotland.

Sir John 'The Red' Comyn, Robert The Bruce King of Scotland, James 'The Black' Douglas, William Douglas, Archibald Douglas, Sir John Stewart, Alexander 'High Steward of Scotland' Stewart, James Stewart, Walter Stewart, Andrew Murray, John de Baliol, Edward Balliol Henri de Beaumont, Roger de Mowbray, John Strathbogie Earl of Athol, Neil de Brus, Edward de Brus, Flora MacDonald, William Gowen, King David II of Scots

• Magna Carta Surety Barons

The Magna Carta or 'Great Charter' was an agreement imposed on King John of England (r. 1199-1216) on 15 June 1215 by rebellious barons in order to limit his power and prevent arbitrary royal acts like land confiscation and unreasonable taxes. Henceforward, the king would have to consult a defined body of laws and customs before making such declarations. The Magna Carta ensured that all freemen were protected from royal officers and had the right to a fair trial. Consequently, the charter became a symbol of the rule of law as the ultimate sovereign. Although not entirely successful in its aims, the charter did permit further constitutional developments in England in subsequent centuries, and it provided inspiration for similar models of limited monarchy in other European states.

William Marshal, William Marshal, Hugh le Bigod, William d'Aubigny, Roger Bigod, Henry de Bohun, Gilbert de Clare, Richard de Clare, John FitzRobert, Robert Fitzwalter, William de Huntingfield, John de Lacy, William Malet, Geoffrey de Mandeville, Roger de Montbegon, Richard de Montfichet, William de Mowbray, Richard de Percy, Saher de Quincy, Rebert de Ros, Geoffrey de Say, Robert de Vere, Eustace de Vescy, Philip d'Aubigny, William d'Aubeney, Alan Basset, Thomas Basset, Hubert de Burgh, Warin FitzGerold, Matthew FitzHerbert, Piers FitzHerbert, Alan Galloway, John Marshal, Hugh de Neville, William Longespee, William de Warenne, John King of England

• Holy Roman Empire

Otto I The Great, Otto II Rufus the Red, Otto III, Heinrich II, Conrad II, Heinrich III, Heinrich IV, Heinrich V, Conrad III, Lothair III

• The First Crusade

The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. Bohemond d'Antioch, Baldwin I King of Jerusalem, Raymond IV Toulouse Count of Tripoli, Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, Robert Curthose, Stephen Henri Count de Blois, Hugh Capet Count of Vermandois, Robert II Count of Flanders, Eustace III Count of Boulogne, William of Normandie, Guy II The Red de Montlhery, Hugh II St Pol, Baldwin II Count of Hainaut, Ramon Berenguer II Count of Barcelona, William V de Montpellier, Odo Bayeux, Routrou III Count of Perche, Engerrand I de Coucy, Thomas de Coucy, Roger de Hauteville

• The Kingdom of Jerusalem, Crusader State

The Kingdom of Jerusalem, was a Crusader state that was established in the period immediately after the First Crusade. It lasted for almost two hundred years, from the accession of Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 until the siege of Acre in 1291. Godfrey of Bouillon, Fulk d'Anjou King of Jerusalem, Melisende Queen of Jerusalem, Baldwin III, Guy de Lusignan, Balian d'Ibelin, Amalric I of Jerusalem, Robert de Sable 11th Grand Master of the Knights Templar

• The Knight Templar

Fulk d'Anjou King of Jerusalem, Robert de Sable 11th Grand Master of the Knights Templar, Hugues I Count of Champagne, Robert de Craon 2nd Grand Master of The Knights Templar

• The Second Crusade

The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade (1096–1099) by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1098. While it was the first Crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall. Konrad III of Germany, Louis VII King of France, Eleanor of AquitaineFulk V of Anjou King of Jerusalem, Robert II de Dreux, Peter I de Courtenay, Ralph I Count of Vermandois, Thierry Count of Flanders, Raynald of Châtillon, Enguerrand II de Courcy, Henri I de Champagne, William de Warenne, Hugh VII de Lusignan, Reginald I Count de Bar, Amadeus de Savoy, William V Montferrat, Frederick II Duke of Swabia, Henry II, Duke of Austria, Sir Roger de Beaumont, Robert de Craon 2nd Grand Master of The Knights Templar, Hugh VIII Lusignan, Amaury Lusignan

• The Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by three European monarchs of Western Christianity Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade. Richard I of England, Philip II of France, Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, William de Ferrers, Walchelin de Ferrers, Hugh II Duke of Burgundy, Henri II de Champagne, Alan FitzWalter 2nd High Steward of Scotland, William de Roches, Hubert Walter Archbishop of Canterbury, Eustace de Vescy, Sir Ranulf Glanville, Theobald de Blois, Robert II Dreux, [[

• Vikings, Danes, and Norsemen

Rollo, Harald Hardråde, Harald Halfdansson, Cnut the Great, Erik "The Victorious" Segersäll, Godefrid Haraldsson

• The Norman Conquest of 1066 and the Battle for England

Edward the Confessor King of England, Harold Godwinson King of England, Harald Hardråde, William the Conqueror, Robert de Beaumont 1st Earl of Leicester, Eustace II Count of Boulogne, William d'Évreux, Odo Bayeux, Geoffrey II Count of Perche, William FitzOsbern, Aimery IV Viscount of Thouars, Walter Giffard Lord of Longueville, Hughvde Montfort Lord of Montfort-sur-Risle, Radulph de Toeni, Hugh Grandmesnil, William de Warenne, William Malet, Robert Conteville Count of Mortain, Gilbert d'Auffay

• The Norman Conquest of Sicily, 1061–1091

Robert and Roger first invaded Sicily in May 1061, crossing from Reggio di Calabria and besieging Messina for control of the strategically vital Strait of Messina. Roger crossed the strait first, landing unseen overnight and surprising the Saracen army in the morning. When Robert's troops landed later that day, they found themselves unopposed and Messina abandoned. Robert immediately fortified the city. Roger de Hauteville Count of Sicily, Robert I Guiscard

• The House of Wessex and other early English Ancestors

Alfred the Great, Ealhswith of Mercia, Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, Edward the Elder King of England, Æthelstan King of England, Ædgitha, Æflaeda Queen of England, Æthelhelm, Eadgifu Queen of West Francia, Edmund I King of England, Eadgifu of Kent, Edgar The Peaceful King of England, Edward the Martyr, Eadwig King of The English, Æthelred The Unready King of England, Edmund Ironside King of England, Ælfgifu of Northumbria, Ælfgifu of Dunbar, Edward the Exile, Saint Margaret Queen of Scots, Edward the Confessor King of England, Leofric Ealdorman of Mercia, Ælfwynn Lady of the Mercians

• Welsh Ancestors

King Rhodri Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn, Llywelyn the Great, Owain Glyndwr, Gwenllian Ferch Gruffydd.

• Carolingian Dynasty

Charlemagne, Charles Martel The Hammer, Pepin II, Carloman, Pepin III The Short, Carloman King of Italy, Bertha, Louis I Holy Roman Empire, Gisela Carolingian, Alpais Carolingian, Lothair I, Louis II King England Holy Roman Empire, Ermengarde de Province, Lothair II, Gisela Lorraine Abess of Nivelles, Charles II The Bald Emperor of West Franks, King Louis II of France, Charles III King of Western Francia, Gisela de Normandie, Louis IV King of The Franks, Mathilde de France, Charles Duke of Lower Lotharingia

• Famous Knights Throughout History

El Cid, Rodrigo Diaz, Sir William Marshal, Sir Henry Percy Hotspur, Sir Robert Guiscard, Sir James The Black Douglas

Sources

• First-hand information. Entered by Chris Sanborn at registration.