Friedrich (Staufer) von Staufen (abt. 1122 - 1190)

Born about 1122 in Hagenau, Herzogtum Schwaben, Heiliges Römisches Reich [uncertain]

Ancestors

Husband of Béatrice (de Borgoña y Lorena) von Burgund — married 9 Jun 1156 in Würzburg, Burggrafschaft Würzburg, Heiliges Römisches Reich

Descendants

Died 10 Jun 1190 at about age 68 in Կալիկադնոս գետ, Սելևկիա, Կիլիկիոյ Հայոց Թագաւորութիւն

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Biography

Friedrich was the son of Friedrich II von Schwaben and Judith Welf.^[1] He was born about 1122 or shortly after, based on a letter of Wibald von Corvey from 1152 stating that he was 30 years old.^[2] According to John B. Freed he was born in Hagenau, today Haguenau in the Lower Alsace region of France.^[3] As no primary documentation for his birth exists this guess may be based on it having originally been built by Barbarossa's father and later enlarged to a "Kaiserpfalz" by Barbarossa. It was the "Pfalz" most often visited by the imperial court during the Staufer period. He succeeded as Friedrich III, Herzog von Schwaben on his father's death in 1147.^[4] In the same year he participated in the Second Crusade.^[5] Shortly before his uncle Emperor Konrad III died in 1152 he designated Friedrich as his successor^[6] and Friedrich was elected German king only 3 weeks later.^[7] On 18 Jun 1155 he was crowned emperor by Pope Hadrian in Rome.^[8]

Marriages and Children

Friedrich's first marriage to Adela von Vohburg is commonly dated to 1147 just before the crusade, with some authors suggesting 1149 after the return.^[9] Other sources name her only in conjunction with their divorce^[10][11][12] before Friedrich married Beatrix von Burgund in 1156. Ostensibly this divorce was due to forbidden consanguinity, mentioned in most sources as reason and based in the secondary literature on Wibald von Stablo's Tabula consanguinitatis^[13] but this long held assumption can no longer be maintained: this relationship was in the 11th degree by Roman counting and only 7th degree and closer was considered an impediment to marriage.^[14][15] Furthermore, he was related to his second wife by the same degree. Perhaps Otto von St. Blasien got it right after all citing infidelity (causa fornicationis sepius) as the reason.^[16] This first marriage remained childless.

Friedrich married second to Beatrix von Burgund, daughter and heiress of Renaud III on 9 June 1156 at Würzburg.^[10] They had the following children:^[17]

• Beatrix, born c 1162/3, died before 1174
• Friedrich V, Herzog von Schwaben, born 16 July 1164, died late 1169/1170
• Heinrich VI, Holy Roman Emperor, born November 1165, died 28 September 1197
• Konrad, born February 1167, died 20 January 1191, was later renamed Friedrich VI, Herzog von Schwaben, after the death of his older brother
• an unnamed daughter, born October/November 1168, died end 1184, was betrothed, but died unmarried
• Otto I, Count of Burgundy, born June/July 1170, died 13 January 1200
• Konrad II, Herzog von Schwaben and Rothenburg, born February/March 1172, died 15 August 1196
• Rainald, born October/November 1173, died before April 1174 or soon after October 1178
• Wilhelm, born June/July 1175, died soon after October 1178
• Philipp, born February/March 1177, died 21 June 1208. He was King of Germany in 1198.
• Agnes, born early 1179, died 8 October 1184, she was betrothed, but died unmarried

Death

After Saladin's defeat of the king of Jerusalem and subsequent occupation of the city Pope Gregor VIII called for another crusade. Friedrich Barbarossa left with a strong army of crusaders on 11 May 1189. However, he never reached Jerusalem. On 10 June 1190 he drowned near Seleucia, (Սելևկիա in Armenian) in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, now Silifke in Turkey, in the Saleph river, (Կալիկադնոս գետ in Armenian) now called Göksu.^[18]

Sources

1. ↑ Tabula consanguinitatis aus dem Briefbuch von Wibald von Stablo (1152/53), in: Peter Koblank, Tabula consanguinitatis von Wibald von Stablo, 2015
2. ↑ Wibaldus Corbeiensis (1098 – 1158), Epistolae (1158): EPISTOLA CCCXLIV. WIBALDI ABBATIS AD EUGENIUM PAPAM III. (Anno 1152.), Corpus Corporum, Universität Zürich
3. ↑ John B. Freed: Frederick Barbarossa. The Prince and the Myth. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2016
4. ↑ Gesta Friderici Imperatoris Ottonis Frisingensis I. 39, MGH SS 20, p. 373
5. ↑ Ottonis Frisingensis Continuatio Sanblasiana 2, MGH SS 20, p. 305
6. ↑ Gesta Friderici Imperatoris Ottonis Frisingensis I. 63, MGH SS 20, p. 389
7. ↑ Ottonis Gesta Friderici Imp. II. 1, MGH rer. Germ. 46, p. 103
8. ↑ Ottonis Gesta Friderici Imp. II. 32, MGH rer. Germ. 46, p. 140
9. ↑ Fundatio Monasterii Waldsassensis 2, MGH SS 15,2, p. 1092
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1} Annales Herbipolenses, MGH SS 16, p. 9
11. ↑ Burchardi et Cuonradi Urspergensium Chronicon, MGH SS 23, p. 346
12. ↑ Continuatio Admuntensis, MGH SS 9, p. 582
13. ↑ Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum, vol. 1. Monumenta Corbeiensia, (Berlin: Weidmann, 1864), p. 547, digital images, (Archove.org: accessed 24 January 2020).
14. ↑ Weshalb war die Auflösung der Ehe Friedrich Barbarossas undAdelas von Vohburg möglich? Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters / Zeitschriftenband (2005) / Zeitschriftenteil / Artikel / 509 - 536
15. ↑ For a synopsis of the argument see Tabula consanguinitatis von Wibald von Stablo
16. ↑ Ottonis Frisingensis Continuatio Sanblasiana 10, MGH SS 20, p. 307
17. ↑ Following Erwin Assmann, Friedrich Barbarossas Kinder. In: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters, Bd. 33 (1977), p. 459; for explanation of estimates for dates see the full article, pp. 435–472
18. ↑ Sächsische Weltchronik, MGH Dt. Chron. 2, p. 233

• Friedrich Barbarossa article on Medieval Lands A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families by Charles Cawley © Foundation for Medieval Genealogy & Charles Cawley 2000-2018.