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Joseph Chauvin, born in Montreal, Canada, Nouvelle-France and baptized April 14, 1674; seventh child of Pierre Chauvin and Marthe Autreuil [Hautreaux] of the parish of Ville Marie, in Montreal. [1][2] He died 19 Aug. 1732, killed during an Indian uprising after a diplomatic trip to Natchez, and was buried in the parish cemetery at New Orleans (presently location unknown, but in the St. Louis Cemetery #1) [3]
In May of 1700, he came to Louisiana with Iberville's second expedition; Joseph and his brother Jacques were listed in census of the garrison at the Bay of Biloxi, May, 1700; their brothers Nicolas and Louis joined them later.
He married the first time 1708 or 1709, Hypolite Mercier, widow of Valentin Barreau, in Mobile.[4]
After their arrival at Fort Louis de la Mobile, three of the Chauvin brothers (Joseph de De Léry, Nicolas de la Frieniere and Louis de Beaulieu) obtained permission from the governor of the colony, Bienville, to undertake a trading expedition to the Presidio del Norte on the Rio Grande. They left Biloxi on 10 Oct 1716, taking with them merchandise valued at 43,200 livres, headed toward Texas by way of Natchitoches. They reached the Presidio in April 1717, where the Spaniards rejected Bienville's plan for reciprocal trading rights and seized the merchandise. The brothers returned to Biloxi empty-handed in 1718, but the trail blazed by them across Tejas was for many years the only known road from the Louisiana borderland to the Presidio on the Rio Grande.[5]
The following is copied from Stanley Clisby Arthur:
The six Chauvin brothers and sisters, leaving the comfort and security of their Canadian homes, arrived in the Louisiana colony at Biloxi in 1706 or earlier. They made the long sea-trip from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico as passengers aboard one of those French vessels that brought at rare intervals from France or the Northern Province Canada , settlers for the little colony on the Gulf, that had come to life in 1699.While some of the less daring amongst the colonists that clustered around Fort Louis de la Mobile, were preparing their little garden patches for future necessary harvests, three among the newly-arrived Chauvins, Joseph de Lery, Nicolas de la Freniere and Louis de Beaulieu heard the call of the virgin forest and heeded its voice. Bienville, the governor, was then endeavoring to enter into amicable trading relations with the Spaniards of Mexico. the Chauvins, sensing their opportunity, obtained permission from him to start out for the \i Presidio del Norte\i0 , on the Rio Grande.
Leaving Biloxi on October 10, 1716, and taking with them necessary trading merchandise, worth 43,200 livres, they entered the state now called Texas, by way of Natchitoches, where St. Denys had established a little block house known as Fort Saint-Jean-Baptiste. At this point, they were met by the daring Louis Juchereau de Saint Denys, its commandant, and by Graveline and Darbanne, associates in their commercial enterprise.
The country traversed by them was occupied by the Cenis Indians. Near a fork of the Trinity River were lead mines worked by the Spaniards and not far away stood a small mission, called \i Tejas\i0 , guarded by a few Hispanic soldiers. the Chauvin brothers traversed the whole width of the present state of Texas and reached the Presidio in April, 1717, where the jealous and suspicious Spaniards rejected Bienville's well-intended plan for reciprocal trading rights, and seized the merchandise of his commercial envoys. the Chauvins and Saint Denys returned to Biloxi in 1718 empty-handed, but the path blazed out by them and Saint Denys from Natchitoches across the then nameless region of Texas was for many a day the only known road from the Louisiana borderland to the Presidio on the Rio Grande.
The archives of French colonial Louisiana disclose that in March 1719, Joseph Chauvin de Lery, one of the six original pioneers, filed with the Superior Council an application for a concession of six arpents front on the Mississippi river, in the Tchoupitoulas district present-day Kenner . At the same time three of his brothers, as well as one of his nephews, requested from the Council a similar concession in the same place. Being desirable settlers, their request was promptly granted and the four Chauvin brothers and their nephew became landed proprietors in Louisiana in 1719, a short while after the foundation of New Orleans.
Joseph Chauvin de Lery was the first to establish himself in the Tchoupitoulas section. Later on Nicolas de la Freniere and his nephew began to clear their land, and not long thereafter, as a result of their arduous labor, an impenetrable forest gave way to a smiling, sun-lit and productive plain.
The plantations of the Chauvin brothers stood next to the lands belonging to Governor Bienville. in 1720 their immediate neighbors were Dulude, manager of the Sainte Reyne concession, and Claude Joseph Dubreuil de Villars, eventually known as the Louisiana Creosus, his wife and two children. At that time the total population of the Tchoupitoulas district amounted to twenty-one white masters, twenty-one white servants, three hundred and sixty-five negro slaves and eleven Indian vassals. There were also three hundred and thirteen heads of horned cattle, forty-five horses and eight hundred parcels of land under cultivation. Among the settlers in that primitive Arcady, Joseph de Lery and his three children, Louis de Beaulieu, his wife and three children, and Nicolas de la Freniere, his wife and three children, shared in its increasing affluence....
... Joseph Chauvin de Lery ...was a militia captain in the colony and a Choctaw Indian trader. His first wife was Hypolite Mercier, who died at La Rochelle. Thereupon, in May 1726, he married Francoise Laurence (or Lorance) LeBlanc, daughter of Henri LeBlanc and Servanne Lemarie. She was a native of Saint Laurant, in the diocese of St. Malo, Brittany, and was well connected in Louisiana, the Councillor Brusle being her brother-in-law, and the Procureur General Fleuriau as well as the Councillor Fazende being, by marriage, her second cousins. Madame de Morieres was likewise her aunt. When Joseph Chauvin de Lery Sr. was killed by the Indians in 1729 at the Natchez Post, he left, from his second wife, three children: Francoise, Marguerite and Laurence Chauvin de Lery."
The estate of Joseph Chauvin de Lery ...was settled in 1734, his Tchoupitoulas plantation being sold, October 28, to Augustin Payen de Noyan for 1000 livres.[15]
CHAUVIN DELERY, Joseph, companion of the Le Moyne brothers, voyageur, concessionaire. Baptized, April 14, 1674; seventh child of Pierre Chauvin and Marthe Autreuil of the parish of Ville Marie, Montreal, Canada. Came to Louisiana with Iberville's second expedition; on roll of Canadians ordered to embark on the Renommée, at La Rochelle, October 17, 1699; listed in census of garrison at Bay of Biloxi, May, 1700; showed loyalty to Bienville (q.v.) during impeachment proceedings, 1708; adopted appellation of De Léry (also spelled Deléry). Married, 1708 or 1709, Hypolite Mercier, widow of Valentin Barreau, in Mobile. Children: Antoine Chauvin Deléry des Islets (in some records, Desilets Deléry), Nicolas Joseph Boisclair Deléry, both by Hypolite; and François, born of Joseph's second wife, Françoise Laurence LeBlanc, whom he married May 24 (or 27), 1726. Involved, 1716-1717, with two of his brothers, in the commercial company formed by Louis Juchereau de St-Denis (q.v.) when Antoine Crozat (q.v.) still held a monopoly on trade in Louisiana Province. In March, 1719, petitioned Superior Council for a concession of six arpents' frontage at The Chapitoulas, extending from Mississippi River to Lake Pontchartrain. Despite varied success with some crops, his and neighboring brothers' agricultural efforts earned praise of memorialist André Pénicaut (q.v.), and of perceptive traveller Pierre de Charlevoix, S. J. (q.v.). In 1724, Deléry had under cultivation 140 cleared arpents producing 500 to 600 measures of rice, 60 barrels of corn and 500 barrels of potatoes, in addition to 100 pounds of indigo. Additionally, with his brothers, owned slaves whose work in the cypress swamps netted 12,000 livres that year. Deléry's livestock inventory included 20 cows and 8 draft oxen—substantial numbers for those primitive days. Joseph pledged funds for establishment of first school for boys in New Orleans but kept only part of his agreement; case went to Louisiana Superior Council. Sent by Governor Perier to Choctaws for aid to colonists after Natchez Massacre of 1729. Died, 1732; interred parish church cemetery, New Orleans, August 20. H.C.B. [16]
Marriage to Francoise Lorence Le Blanc Posted 17 Mar 2009 by Debra Sanders Joseph Chauvin, native of Montreal in Canada, widower of Hypolite Mercier, deceased at La Rochelle, married Francoise Lorence (Lawrence) Le Blanc, May 27, 1726, witnesses: Brusle, councillor at the Superior Council of this province and the bride's brother-in-law, Fleuriaux (Fleuriau), procurator general at the same council, Fassinde, councillor, both cousins in the second degree by affinity through their spouses, Cecille Le Blanc, Heleine Desmorieres (Morieres), Pelagie Desmorieres (Morieres), Seruanne Le Blanc, De Latour, Ubriel, Petit De Liviliers, De Laour, Rossard, Malbre, F. Duval.
JOSEPH CHAUVIN De LERY, LIFE AND ADVENTURE IN COLONIAL LOUISIANA Posted 17 Mar 2009 by Debra Sanders
Joseph Chauvin De Lery was among several of the children of Pierre Chauvin who left Canada by for the Province of Louisiana landing at Biloxi Bay. Jacques Chauvin and Joseph Chauvin appear on d’Iberville’s 25 Aug 1699 list of Canadian recruits at Fort Maurepas on Biloxi Bay. This list represents some of the first French occupants of the Gulf Coast. In 1700 Joseph Chauvin was listed in the census of the garrison at the Bay of Biloxi. About 1702 the capital was established at Ft. Louis near modern Mobile and later moved back to Biloxi. The Chauvin brothers made the move with the governor. Later they moved to New Orleans when it became the capital of Louisiana. Their brother Louis Chauvin joined them after descending the Mississippi after an interlude at Detroit. Three of the brothers, as was the trend in those years, affixed titular designations (dit) to their surnames, de Lery, de la Freniere, and de Beaulieu. After the year 1708 Joseph Chauvin commonly used the surname De Lery. The fourth brother, Jacques Chauvin, did not adopt any additional surname. Joseph Chauvin De Lery and his brothers trapped and traded in the Mississippi Valley, smuggled forest products to Veracruz and gradually accumulated sufficient funds to become independent merchants at Mobile and New Orleans. The family acquired several Indian slaves, including some Chitimachas captured in 1707 and who lived with them in Mobile. The skills they had developed as youths in French Canada adapted them well as pioneers in Louisiana. Three of the Chauvin brothers, Joseph Chauvin de Lery, Nicholas Chauvin de la Freniere and Louis Chauvin de Beaulieu, went on a trade mission to the Spanish in Mexico. With the support of Bienville, the party left Biloxi on 10 Oct 1716 bound for the Presidio del Norte on the Rio Grande River in the southern part of what is now called Texas. They took with them 43,200 livres worth of trading merchandise. They crossed the current boundary of Texas at Natchitoches, where Louis Juchereau de Saint Denys (St. Denis) had established a little blockhouse called Fort Saint Jean Baptiste. At the fort they were also met by Baudreau de Graveline and Francois Guyon dit Dion Depress D’Herbane (Darbanne), fellow associates in the trading venture. St. Deney had previously traveled to Mexico in 1714 and was hopeful enough to accompany the Chauvins on their expedition. The expedition of the Chauvin brothers traveled through country occupied by the Cenis Indians without any military escort. There were several brushes with the natives, but no serious combat. The first encounter with the Spanish was near a fork of the Trinity River where the Spanish had lead mines. They had also established a small mission called Tejas, occupied by several soldiers. In April 1717, the Chauvin party reached the Presidio after traversing the entire state of Texas. The Spanish officials were far from friendly and rejected his offers of trade. The Spanish seized all of the merchandise of St. Deney. He went to Mexico City to plead his case. Here he was arrested. The Chauvins and the others placed their goods in the safekeeping of the Recollet fathers and sold them lot-by-lot. They extended credit to the purchasers but heard of the arrest of their leader before they received payment. Fearing the same fate, the Chauvins traveled back to Biloxi empty-handed in 1718. The expedition had taken one year. No successful trading venture was ever established with the Spanish and it took 25 years for the French government to be reimbursed for the losses of the expedition members. De Lery’s widow was then awarded 8,000 livres compensation. In spite of the failure of the expedition, the path they blazed across Texas was, for a long period of time, the only known route from Louisiana to the Presidio on the Rio Grande. The expedition also prompted the Spanish to increase the number of settlements and soldiers in Texas, solidifying their possession of this remote area. Joseph Chauvin De Lery resumed his operations at Mobile. In 1717 he was listed as one of those producing livestock for the Indian trade. In March of 1719, Joseph Chauvin de Lery was one of six settlers who filed an application with the Superior Council of Louisiana for a concession of land on the Mississippi River above New Orleans in the Tchoupiloulas district. He was granted six arpents fronting on the east bank of the river. At the same time, three of his brothers and a nephew also applied for similar land grants. These concessions were readily granted to these “desirable” settlers. This land grant is generally believed to be in the area of the modern Brookhollow Business Park on the Jefferson highway between New Orleans and Harahan. Though it had a narrow frontage on the river, it extended back all the way to Lake Pontchartrain. Joseph de Lery was the first to establish himself in the new settlement, followed shortly afterwards by his brother Nicholas and Joseph’s nephew. The Chauvins began to clear the forest and make the land suitable for agriculture by digging drainage ditches and canals. Governor Bienville had lads adjacent to the Chauvin concessions. In the immediate neighborhood by 1720 were Dulude, manager of the Sainte Reyne concession, and Claude Joseph Dubreuil de Villars, eventually known as the Louisiana Creosus. At the time the entire population of Tchoupitoulas was twenty-one white landowners, an equal number of white servants, three hundred and sixty-five Negro slaves and eleven Indians. There were 313 head of horned cattle, 45 horses and 800 parcels of cultivated land. Joseph de Lery, by this time, had three children. His brother Nicholas de la Freniere and his wife had eleven children. The three Chauvin brothers had, according to the 1721 census, nearly a hundred slaves. The work of these slaves played a large part in the prosperity of the Chauvin family. Within a couple of years the Chauvin brothers developed their plantation that, according to a contemporary journalist was “the finest and best cultivated of the concessions in the country, with mill and forges.” Charlevoix, a Jesuit Priest who visited the area in 1722 said that “The Chapitoulas has fallen into the hands of expert and laborious people. They are three Canadian brothers of the name Chauvin, who having brought nothing with them to this country but their industry have attained to perfection in that through the necessity of working for their subsistence. They have lost no time and have spared themselves nothing.” Later the same priest wrote: “the three Canadian brothers who, poor but resolute, came to settle in this country have made more profit in their business than the concessionaires in France—who to establish their grants have sent millions.” In 1724, De Lery had 140 cleared arpents under cultivation and was producing 500 to 600 measures of rice, 60 barrels of corn and 500 barrels of potatoes. He also produced 100 pounds of Indigo. His livestock included 20 cows and 8 draft oxen. In 1724 there is a record of a severe legal dispute between the Chauvins and the owner of a neighboring plantation. Apparently the Chauvins dug a ditch and raised a levee that caused an overflow on the land of Ceard. In spite of a strong defense before the Council, the decision was against the Chauvins and they were ordered to build a coffer dike at their own expense to protect the Ceard’s lands. Broutin, the Royal engineer was to supervise the work. In addition to his farming ventures, Joseph Chauvin de Lery was also a captain in the militia and a trader to the Choctaw Indians. In December of 1729 he was sent by Governor Perier to negotiate an alliance with the Choctaw Indians. The governor wanted to attack the Natchez Indians in retaliation for the Natchez massacre and could not do so without help from allies. Chauvin was well acquainted with the culture and languages of the natives and did secure a promise of aid from them. This was the last of his adventures. He died in 1732 and was buried 20Aug 1732 in the cemetery of St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans. Joseph Chauvin’s married first wife Hypolite Mercier about 1709 and they had 3 children. She traveled back to France at least twice and died in La Rochelle in about 1720. He later, in 1726, married Francoise Laurence Le Blanc, the daughter of Henry Le Blanc and Servanne Lemarie. She was well connected, both in Louisiana and in France—the Councillor Brusle was her brother-in-law, and the Procureur General Fleuriau and the Councillor Frazende were her second cousins by marriage. Joseph and Francoise had 3 additional children. Joseph also had at least one other child who had a slave mother. After Joseph Chauvin De Lery died in 1732, she married 3 more times, with one of these marriages being annulled because her husband had another wife in France. [17]
Ten-Year Supplement, 1988-1998. - California State Library, Sutro - F369 D48 1988 v.2 - Interred parish church cemetery, New Orleans, 20 Aug 1732.
CHAUVIN DELERY, Joseph From The Louisiana Historical Society Web Site www.lahistory.org
Linked To Joseph Chauvin Arthur, Stanley Clisby and George Campbell Huchet de Kernion, Old Families of Louisiana,
Harmanson, New Orleans, 1931. Grand Pre Louisianne, www.angelfire.com/tx/cajunmae/page3htmlKing, Grace Elizabeth, Creole Families of New Orleans, 1921 “The Old Mobile Project Newsletter, “Issue 7, Summer 1992Winsor, Justin, Narrative and Critical History of America, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1887. pp 29-30.
Find a Grave, database and images (www.findagrave.com/memorial/138834718/joseph-chauvin_delery : accessed 24 April 2021), memorial page for Joseph Chauvin DeLery (14 Apr 1674–19 Aug 1732), Find a Grave Memorial ID Find A Grave: Memorial #138834718, citing Cathedral-Basilica of Saint Louis King of France, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, USA ; Maintained by Sebastian (contributor 46550973) .
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Joseph [CHAUVIN] surnamed DE LERY, resident of Chapitoulas, buried 20 Aug 1732, recorded at St. Louis Church, New Orleans (SLC, B1, 77). Sacramental Records, vol. 1, 1718-1750; Woods, Earl C. & Charles E. Nolan, eds.; New Orleans: Archdiocese, 1987; p. 49
There was a marriage contract executed 12/28/1737 between Joseph, son of "the deceased JOSEPH DELERY and of Dame HYPOLITE MERCIER" and Marie FAUCON DUMANOIR. So the elder Joseph was deceased in 1737, and I suspect the 1732 burial date is for the elder Joseph.
I don't have a transcript, just my notes, but on February 21, 1738, there was a discussion of the daughter of Jean Baptiste FAUCON DUMANOIR (Marie) who had been the wife of Joseph CHAUVIN (the younger), "killed by savages", and her unborn son. This son, Jean, was to be provided for when Marie entered a marriage contract: between Marie FAUCON DUMANOIR, widow of the deceased Joseph DELERY, and Pierre Benoit PAYEN de NOYAN. This contract included a "promise that the son of the future bride JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH DE LERY shall be raised in the Catholic religion."
Alice Daly Forsyth, Louisiana Marriage Contracts (Polyanthos, 1980), Wisconsin Historical Society Library, p. 60, Marriage of Joseph DELERY and Marie FAUCOIN DUMANOIR.
Alice Daly Forsyth, Louisiana Marriage Contracts (Polyanthos, 1980), Wisconsin Historical Society Library, p. 79, Marriage of Pierre BENOIT PAYEN and Marie FAUCOIN DUMANOIR.
Louisiana Historical Quarterly (Louisiana Historical Society), Wisconsin Historical Society Library, Vol. 5 (1922), #4, p. 587, Records of the Superior Council of Louisiana, 02/21/1738.
There are certainly issues with the biographies included in "Old Families of Louisiana". Joseph (elder) did not die in 1729 at Natchez. Note that the biography of Joseph (fils) says he married 12/13/1738, but was killed before 02/31/1736. So care must be taken. But I think the sequence of events I have described above is correct.