Richard (Neville) de Neville KG (abt. 1400 - abt. 1460)

Born about 1400 in England

Ancestors

Husband of Alice (Montagu) Neville — married Feb 1421 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England

Descendants

Died about 30 Dec 1460 at about age 60 in Pontefract, Yorkshire, England [uncertain]

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Biography

Birth and Parents

Richard was a younger son of Ralph Neville and his second wife Joan Beaufort.^[1][2][3][4] He was probably born in about 1400:^[3][4] He was 40 or more in 1441.^[1][2]

Marriage and Children

Before February 1420/1 Richard married Alice Montagu^[1][2][4] at Orléans.^[1][2] They had six sons and six daughters:^[1][2]

• Richard, often known as "Warwick the Kingmaker", born on 22 November 1428^[1][2][3][4]
• Thomas^[1][2][4]
• John^[1][2][4]
• George, who served as Chancellor of England and became Archbishop of York^[1][2][4]
• Ralph^[1][2][4]
• Robert^[1][2][4]
• Joan, who married William FitzAlan^[1][2][4]
• Cecily/Cicely, who married, 1st, Henry Beauchamp, and 2nd, John Tiptoft^[1][2][4]
• Alice, who married Henry FitzHugh^[1][2][4]
• Katherine, who married, 1st, William Bonville, and, 2nd, William Hastings^[1][2][4]
• Eleanor, who married Thomas Stanley^[1][2][4]
• Margaret, who married John de Vere^[1][2][4]

Earl of Salisbury

Through his wife, Richard became Earl of Salisbury on the death of his father-in-law in November 1428.^[3]

Offices

From a fairly young age Richard held positions of responsibility, including:

• 1420-1434: Warden of the West March of Scotland^[3]
• from 1424: Keeper of the royal forest beyond Trent^[3]
• 1425: Constable of Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire^[1][2]
• 9 November 1429: Constable of England (in life of the Duke of Bedford) at the coronation of Henry VI^[1][2][3]
• 1434-1435: Warden of both Marches of Scotland^[3]
• 1436/7: one of the commissioners in the negotiations led by the Duke of Bedford for peace with France.^[3]
• 1437: Privy Councillor^[1][2]
• 1441: member of a commission investigating "treasons, felonies, lollardries &c"^[3]
• 1450: Joint Chamberlain of the Exchequer^[1][2]
• 1454 (when Richard Duke of York headed the government of England during a period when Henry VI was mentally ill): Lord Chancellor^[1][2][3]

Knight of the Garter

Before 22 April 1438 Richard was made a Knight of the Garter,^[5] becoming the 152nd Knight of the Order.^[6]

Wars of the Roses

On the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses, Richard sided with the Yorkists, fighting on their side in the first Battle of St Albans.^[3] Three years later, at Easter 1458, he was publicly reconciled with Henry VI.^[3]

When fighting resumed the next year, Richard defeated Lancastrian forces in the Battle of Blore Heath on 23 September 1459.^[3] But a month later Yorkist power collapsed, and Richard was one of the Yorkist commanders who abandoned troops at the largely bloodless Battle of Ludford Bridge.^[7] He was attainted and fled to Calais.^[3] The exile was not for long: in 1460 the Yorkists returned, and Richard was charged with securing London for them. His attainder was annulled.^[3] On 29 October 1460, he was made Great Chamberlain of England.^[1][2][3]

Death, Will and Burial

Richard either died during the catastrophic Yorkist defeat at the Battle of Wakefield on 30 December 1460 or was beheaded at Pontefract shortly after.^[1][2][3] His will left property to his children Richard (described as his eldest, meaning eldest surviving, son), George, Alice, Eleanor, Katherine and Joan, and to his brother William and his wife. It also stipulated that a marriage agreed between his son Thomas and "Maud Lady Willoughby his wife be fully performed, according to the agreement made between me and Ralph Lord Cromwell" and refers to covenants made for the marriage of his daughter Katherine to the "son and heir apparent of William Lord Harrington, the son of William Lord Bonville."^[4]

Richard was buried at Bisham Priory, Berkshire.^[1][2][3][4]

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24} Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), Vol. IV, pp. 124-126, MONTAGU 11
2. ↑ ^{2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24} Douglas Richardson. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 4 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham, 2nd edition (Salt Lake City: the author, 2011), Vol. III, pp. 161-163, MONTAGU 10
3. ↑ ^{3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18} G E Cokayne. Complete Peerage, revised edition, Vol. XI, St Catherine Press, 1949, pp, 395-398 SALISBURY X
4. ↑ ^{4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16} Charles Cawley. Richard Neville d. 1460, entry in "Medieval Lands" database
5. ↑ W A Shaw. The Knights of England, Vol. I, Sherratt and Hughes, 1906, p. 11
6. ↑ Heraldica.org: Knights of the Garter
7. ↑ Battle of Ludford Bridge

• Testamenta Eboracensia, Part 2. London: JB Nicols, 1855, pp. 239-246. Google Books: Will of Richard Neville
• Cokayne, G E. Complete Peerage, revised edition, Vol. XI, St Catherine Press, 1949, pp, 395-398 SALISBURY X
• Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Salt Lake City: the author, 2013. See also WikiTree's source page for ‘’Royal Ancestry’’.
• Richardson, Douglas. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 4 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. 2nd edition. Salt Lake City: the author, 2011. See also WikiTree's source page for "Magna Carta Ancestry".
• Cawley, Charles. "Medieval Lands": A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families © by Charles Cawley, hosted by Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (FMG). See also WikiTree's source page for MedLands. Entry for Richard Neville d. 1460
• Hope, W.H.J. (1901). "Plate LV," in The Stall Plates of the Knights of the Order of the Garter, 1348-1485, Westminster: A. Constable and Co. Ltd. Hathi Trust
• Nichols, J.G. The Herald and Genealogist, Vol. I, John Bowyer Nichoos and Sons, Westminster, 1863, pp. 252-254. Google Books. Describes the ceremony of the interment of the bodies of Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury, and Sir Thomas his son, which took place at Bustleham, now Bisham, in Berkshire, on 15th Feb. 2 Edw. IV (1462-3) "Sir Thomas Neville had been slain in the battle of Wakefield in 1460, and the Earl his father shortly after beheaded at Pontefract."
• Wikipedia: Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury

Acknowledgements

Magna Carta Project

This profile was reviewed and approved 1 June 2020 by Michael Cayley.

Richard (Neville) de Neville KG appears in a trail that was identified and badged by the Magna Carta Project from Gateway Ancestors John Nelson and Margaret Nelson to Magna Carta Surety Baron Saher de Quincy in 2015. Other trails were later identified and badged from the Nelsons to surety barons John de Lacy, Gilbert de Clare, Richard de Clare, Hugh le Bigod, Roger le Bigod, and John FitzRobert. The trails are set out in the Magna Carta Trails section of John Nelson's profile.

Richard (Neville) de Neville KG appears in Magna Carta Ancestry in a Richardson-documented trail from Gateway Ancestor Robert Drake to Magna Carta Surety Baron Roger le Bigod (vol. II, pages 90-92 DRAKE). This trail has not yet been developed. See the trail in the Magna Carta Trails section of the Gateway's profile.

See Base Camp for more information about identified Magna Carta trails and their status. See the project's glossary for project-specific terms, such as a "badged trail".