The surname is definitely Kovanda in these two records. Here's a translation of the headings:
I. Number of person
II. Name
III. Gender
IV. Birthdate
V. Birthplace
VI. Jurisdiction
VII. Religion
VIII. Condition
IX. Language
X. Profession
XI. Industry
XII. whether in agriculture or business (Petr was in agriculture)
XIII. Whether literate (Petr was)
XIV. Whether blind, deaf, insane or "dumb" (none of the above)
XV. Residing permanently or temporarily (perm)
XVI. Whether absent (not sure if this is referring specifically to when the census was enumerated, or if it's referring to periodic absence- Anna is marked as absent).
XVII. Location where absent to (Anna was in Obytce).
Yes, Petr is listed with Terezie in the census. On the brother, Petr Matěj's birth record, the mother is Katerina Fremundová, daughter of Václav Fremund of Plánice & Majdalena, who was daughter of Ondřej Žemlička & Katerina Flosman, also of Plánice. Petr is the son of Jakub Kovanda from Bolešiny & Anna, daughter of Josef Kurce & Marie Hanzlíková from Bystré.