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Rosa Parks is remembered as the "first lady of the civil rights movement" in the United States. Her refusal to give up her bus seat to a white rider sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and became a symbol of the movement. Rosa went on to collaborate with other civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. [1][2][3][4]
Rosa Louise McCauley was born February 4th, 1913 to James McCauley and Leona Edwards in Tuskegee, Alabama.[5][2][4][6][7] She came from mixed racial ancestry, with one of her great grandparents being of Scottish/Irish descent. In the Deep South at the time she was considered non-white, making her subject to Jim Crow laws.[8] Her parents divorced when she was young and Rosa grew up with her mother and grandparents.[3][8] The family moved to Pine Level, Alabama when Rosa was young and she attended elementary school there.[8][2] After finishing at Pine Level, Rosa attended Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, and later attended Alabama State Teacher's College High School.[2] Her grandmother's death prevented her from graduating with her class.[2]
December 18, 1932, Rosa married Raymond Parks in Montgomery, Alabama.[2][3][4][9][10] The couple never had children. Two years after their marriage, Rosa finally got her diploma, which had been further delayed by her mother's illness.[2] Rosa worked as a seamstress and Raymond was a barber.[3]
Influenced by the KKK riding past her home and her school having been burned down twice when she was a child, Rosa grew up with her grandfather regularly standing guard in front of their house with a shotgun and her often joining him.[3][4] There was much injustice in her life. She became very tired of having to give in and let others take her liberty away.[4] About her famous stand on the bus, she is quoted as saying "All I was doing was trying to get home from work."[11]
Her husband, Raymond, was an active member in the NAACP.[2][3][4] This led to Rosa's participation in the organization.[2] In 1943, she became the secretary of the Montgomery chapter, and later a youth leader.[2][3] December 1, 1955, Rosa's famous incident on the bus in Montgomery, Alabama occurred.[3] She refused to sit at the back of the bus and give up her seat to a Caucasian man.[2] The event inspired protest events around the country.[2] In Montgomery, there was a bus boycott that lasted 381 days.[2][3] Dr. Martin Luther King was spokesperson for the boycott.[2]
Rose Parks Arrest Booking Photo |
Rosa lost her job amid the boycott in Montgomery and received death threats.[4] She and Raymond moved to Detroit, Michigan in 1957, after a brief tour of the country, and was active in the local African Methodist Episcopal church.[2][3] She worked for Congressman John Conyers from 1965 to 1988 helping homeless find housing.[2][3][4] In 1987, she founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development.[2][3] The organization was founded in honor of her husband, Raymond, and works to help youth achieve their fullest potential.[2] She also wrote four books, all autobiographical.[2]
Rosa received at least 43 honorary doctorate degrees, as well as many awards, certificates, plaques, and honors.[2] In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame [12]. In 1996, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton.[2] She received the Congressional Gold Medal in 1999.[13]
While still living in Detroit in August 1994 a black man by the name of Joseph Nathaniel Skipper broke into the Civil Rights Icon home hit her in the face and robbed her of 53.00 dollars he was later arrested tried and sentenced to 15 years in prison. Fearing for her safety friend who was himself a civil rights Icon and federal judge Damon Keith a Detroit Native went in search of a safer place for Rosa Parks to live. He would find her a place to stay at the Riverfront apartments. After reading about the story in the newspaper Businessman, Sports MagnateMike Iltch founder and owner of Little Caesars Pizza franchise as well as the owner of both the National Hockey League's Detroit Red Wings and Major League Baseball's Detroit Tigers contacted Damon Keith who said after the death of Iltich “They don’t go around saying it, but I want to, at this point, let them know, how much the Ilitches not only meant to the city, but they meant so much for Rosa Parks, who was the mother of the civil rights movement,” When Iltch contacted me he offered to pay for Parks’ housing indefinitely. With no fanfare, Ilitch continued paying for the apartment until Parks died in 2005, Keith said.[14] [15]
Rosa Parks died October 24th, 2005 in Detroit, Michigan.[2][6] She had been battling dementia and poor health, and had suffered financial difficulty. Rosa is buried in the Rosa Parks Memorial Mausoleum, Woodlawn Cemetery, Detroit, Michigan.[7]
Both Rosa's birthday, February 4, and the day she was arrested, December 1, are commemorated as Rosa Parks Day in California and Ohio.[1] The first Monday after February 4th is Rosa Parks Day in Michigan.[2] A museum and library was opened in her honor in Montgomery, Alabama.[2][16]
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Categories: Order of the Eastern Star | United States, Civil Rights Leaders | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | American Heroes | Pine Level, Alabama | Montgomery, Alabama | Example Profiles of the Week | Presidential Medal of Freedom | Spingarn Medal | Congressional Gold Medal | 100 Greatest African Americans | National Women's Hall of Fame (United States) | Alabama, Notables | Great Migration (African-American), Alabama to Detroit, Michigan | Woodlawn Cemetery, Detroit, Michigan | US Black Heritage Project Managed Profiles | African-American Notables | Notables | Activists and Reformers
I am a male direct line McCauley descendant with the same male lineage as Capt. C.M.T. McCauley, therefore, my Y-DNA would be the same as Anderson McCauley or any male descendant of his if Capt. McCauley was his father. My DNA is on Ancestry, My Heritage, 23 and Me, Family Tree DNA, and Gedcom. It's also on this Wikitree site under my profile. So far, I have no matches from any member of Anderson McCauley's family, Y-DNA or autosomal DNA. If there is anyone out there who is a descendant of Anderson McCauley, especially a direct male descendant, you're welcome to compare your Y-DNA with me. If there is any other descendant out there with autosomal DNA that matches mine, please let me know who you are, because to date, I haven't found anyone who matches me.
James McCauley
Image 27 of Rosa Parks Papers: Writings, Notes, and Statements, 1956-1998; Drafts of early writings; Autobiographical, circa 1956, undated - Library of Congress, includes her papers, and also has video collections
https://www.loc.gov/resource/mss85943.001811/?sp=27 https://www.loc.gov/collections/rosa-parks-papers/about-this-collection/