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The Lakota Chief known to history as "Sitting Bull" is best known for leading the Lakota and Cheyenne who defeated the 7th Cavalry under General George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of the Greasy Grass/Little Big Horn in June, 1876. [1]
"Sitting Bull" was born about 1831 in Lakota territory, near what is now Bull, South Dakota. He was the only son of Jumping Bull, also known as "Returns Again" and Her Holy Door. There are several versions of the source of his name. According to biographer Stanley Vestal, Sitting Bull's father received a message from the Buffalo God with four names, including Jumping Bull and Sitting Bull. He chose Jumping Bull for himself and followed Lakota tradition of naming male children with one of their father's names, so the son first known as “Hoka Psice” became Tȟatȟaŋka Iyotȟaŋka, loosely translated as "Sitting Bull." [2]
Sitting Bull was a leader of the Heart warrior society as a young man. He first went to battle at the age of 14 against the Crow. As an adult he became a member of the Silent Eaters, a group concerned with tribal welfare. He fought in many battles including the Battle of Killdeer Mountain. In 1865 he led a siege against the newly established Fort Rice in Dakota Territory. Widely respected for his bravery and insight, he became head chief of the Lakota nation about 1868. [3] The Fort Laramie Treaty set aside most of western South Dakota for the Lakota but many chiefs, including Sitting Bull, opposed the treaty and did not sign it. In 1874 gold was discovered in the Black Hills, and white gold seekers and settlers ignored the the treaty causing hostilities to rise.
In 1875 Sitting Bull travelled to Washington along with Swift Bear of the Arapaho, Spotted Tail of the Brule and Red Cloud of the Oglala to meet with President Ulysses S. Grant to discuss the Black Hills situation. They were accompanied by interpreter Julius Meyer (1839-1909). A photo of the group was taken by Frank F. Currier in Omaha, Nebraska on May 13, 1875. The United States government tried to purchase the Black Hills from the Lakota, but was unsuccessful, and the Lakota were ordered to confine themselves to a reservation (that did not include the Black Hills) by January of 1876. General Custer was sent to enforce the edict, which led to the battle and his defeat.
Although Sitting Bull and his allies were initially successful, Custer’s defeat led to even more troops being sent and within a year the Lakota and others were confined to reservations and the United States had taken the Black Hills without compensating the tribes. Sitting Bull and many of his followers escaped into Canada following the United States takeover. He remained there until 1881 when he and the rest of his followers returned to the United States and settled near the Standing Rock agency. He joined Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show briefly in 1885, but soon returned to the reservation. When the United States continued to restrict the Lakota and sell land that had been promised to the tribe, Sitting Bull became associated with the Ghost Dance movement which predicted a resurgence of the Indians. Indian Agent James McLaughlin ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull and others on December 15, 1890. Sitting Bull was shot and killed when he resisted and his young son Crowfoot was also killed. Sitting Bull’s body was taken to Fort Yates and buried there, but in 1953 his descendants removed his remains to a new burial site near Mobridge, South Dakota. [4] [5]
Sitting Bull had at least five and perhaps as many as nine wives. According to biographer Vestal, the first of Sitting Bull's nine wives was named Wíŋyaŋ Lúta (Scarlet Woman). She and their son died in 1857.
HIs next wife was Žiží(Light Hair) with whom he had an unnamed child who died young.
He took a plural wife, Snow on Her whom he married in 1861. They divorced in 1869. They had the following children:
He married fourth Wíŋyaŋ Šá(Red Woman) in 1871. She died about 1886. They had the following children:
The mother of the following son is uncertain, possibly Red Woman.
After the death of Red Woman Sitting Bull married two widowed sisters, Oyáte Waŋyáŋkapi(Seen by Her Nation) and Tašinátópiwiŋ(Four Robes).
The 1885 Standing Rock census lists Sitting Bull, two wives, Seen by Her Nation and Four Blankets (Four Robes), and six children,
two children of Seen by Her Nation,
and two children by Four Robes,
Next on the 1885 census are daughter Many Horses and her husband, Thomas Fly, followed by Tȟatȟáŋka Waŋžíla(One Bull) and his family [6]
The 1886 and 1888 censuses list additional children,
all believed to be children of Four Robes. [7]
This list combines information from the family tree included in the biography "Sitting Bull: HIs Life and Legacy, [8] Vestal's biography, and the 1885-1890 Lakota censuses taken at the Standing Rock Agency (see images attached).
The 1890 census at the Standing Rock Agency listed Sitting Bull, his wives Seen by the Nation and Four Robes, and children Crowfoot, Ceury, Little Soldier, Standing Holy, Lodge (in Sight), Red Scout (Arrows in Hair), Theodore (Run Away), and grandson Chase Near (son of Seen Walking and Andrew Fox). Next on the census were One Bull, his wife and two children. [9] Sitting Bull adopted his nephew "One Bull" when the boy was about 3 years of age. Per the Lakota, the adoption ceremony resulted in One Bull having the same status as a blood-child.[10]
A recent news release stated that DNA analysis of autosomal DNA has positively identified a living great-grandson (descendant of Sitting Bull and his wife Seen by Her Nation). "The novel technique centered on what is known as autosomal DNA in the genetic fragments extracted from the hair. Traditional analysis involves specific DNA in the Y chromosome passed down the male line or specific DNA in the mitochondria - powerhouses of a cell - passed down from mothers to children. Autosomal DNA instead is not gender specific.
"There existed methods, but they demanded for substantial amounts of DNA or did only allow to go to the level of grandchildren," Willerslev said. "With our new method, it is possible to establish deeper-time family relationships using tiny amounts of DNA." [11]
See also:
This week's featured connections are Baseball Legends: Sitting Bull is 41 degrees from Willie Mays, 30 degrees from Ernest Banks, 25 degrees from Ty Cobb, 25 degrees from Bob Feller, 30 degrees from Lou Gehrig, 39 degrees from Josh Gibson, 25 degrees from Joseph Jackson, 33 degrees from Ferguson Jenkins, 30 degrees from Mamie Livingston, 24 degrees from Mickey Mantle, 27 degrees from Tris Speaker and 28 degrees from Helen St. Albin on our single family tree. Login to see how you relate to 33 million family members.
L > Lakota > Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake Lakota
Categories: Lakota | Example Profiles of the Week | Native American Warriors | Featured Connections Archive 2021 | Notables
Roseannah (Peckinpaugh-38) Teter her profile runs to Sitting Bull HOWEVER there is comments that I think the Native Project should answer .PLEASE
Roseannah Teter formerly Peckinpaugh aka Ford Wife of Philip Teter — married [date unknown] [location unknown] Wife of Henry Samuel Teter Jr. Roseanna was DEFINITELY NOT a 'Ford'. She was a Peckinpaugh !! TomT 04-26-17
Rosanna was born about 1768. Rosanna Pickinpaw
What I do see is a lack of sources for anything about her. If you have any sources, I hope you'll add them (over there).
Thanks and good luck with your research.
Ernie Lapointe, Great-Grandson of Sitting Bull (September 1, 2009).
Best regards, Lilly Martin
edited by Kathie (Parks) Forbes
Thank you for your time and expertise. Best regards, Lilly Martin
edited by Teri (Osborn) Taylor
1885: Sitiing Bull, Seen by the Nation, Four Robes, See Walking (?), Little Soldier, Crows Feet, Standing Holy, Lodge in Sight, Run Away From 1886: Sitting Buill, Seen by the Nation, Four Robes, Crows Feet, Standing Holy, Lodge in Sight, Run Away From 1887: Sitting Bull, Seen by the Nation, Four Robes, Little Soldier, Crows Foot, Lodge in Sight, Standing Holy, Run Away From, Left [something] Him, Sitting Bull, Jr 1888: Sitting Bull, Seen by the Nation, Four Robes, Little Soldier, Crow Foot, Standing Holy, Run Away From, Left [something] Him, Sitting Bull Jr. , unnamed girl 1890: Sitting Bull, See by the Nation, Four Robes, Crowfoot, Ceury{?}, Little Soldier, Standing Holy, Lodge, Red Scout, Theodore
edited by Aaron Gullison
Also, it's not necessary to repeat the footnote number the way you have. I'll fix that.
edited by Aaron Gullison
edited by Mary Gulish
... image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3c04929.
"Sitting Bull's body was taken to Fort Yates, where it was placed in a coffin (made by the Army carpenter)[57] and buried. A monument was installed to mark his burial site after his remains were reportedly taken to South Dakota.
In 1953 Lakota family members exhumed what they believed to be Sitting Bull's remains, transporting them for reinterment near Mobridge, South Dakota, his birthplace.[58][59] A monument to him was erected there. also add wikipedia.com as a source. Thank you for the beautiful profile.
This includes the repatriations -the returning of Locks of Sitting Bulls Hair and his Leggings to the only known living descendants in 2007 by the Smithsonian.
Last name at birth was Psice