Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I

Born [date unknown] in Kedah Sultanate

Descendants

Died 23 Sep 1778 in Istana Baginda, Alor Star, Kedah Sultanate

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Biography

Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I is Notable.

Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I was born in Malaysia.

Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I was the 19th Sultan of Kedah.

Tunku (Prince) Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II was born in 1699, in Kedah Sultanate, Malay peninsula (now Malaysia).

He was the son of Sultan Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah and his second wife, Wan Nang Mas.^[1]

Tunku Muhammad Jiwa became the 19th Sultan of Kedah upon the death of his father, 15 February 1710.

From an early age, Tunku (Prince) Muhammad Jiwa was passionate about religion and learning. As a young man, he left Kedah in search of knowledge, sailing to Sumatra and finally settling in Palembang. There, he met a prominent Islamic clerics, Tuan Syeikh Abdul Jalil and Hafiz Sab, and began studying with them, concealing his identity as the son and heir of the Sultan of Kedah. Eventually, he travelled to Jave and India with his teacher where they taught religious philosophy.

Tunku Muhammad Jiwa's father, Sultan Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah, died 21 September 1706,^[1] while the Prince was still away and for some time he was unaware that his father had passed. Due to the prince's absence from the kingdom, his younger brother, Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah, was declared the 18th Sultan of Kedah. However, he ruled for only about 3 years before he too died. His death, on 14 Feb 1710, caused a vacancy on the throne of Kedah which was a great concern to the state dignitaries, so a search party was sent out to locate the prince.

After a six-year absence, Tugku Muhammad Jiwa's was brought back to Kedah, and on 13 Oct 1710, he was proclaimed as the 19th Sultan of Kedah. He made his initial residence at Kota Bukit Pinang

Among the successes achieved by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa during his reign was the expansion of the power of the State of Kedah. Siam was one of the main enemies for Kedah which had hoped to conquer the State of Kedah. But Sultan Muhammad Jiwa's move to expand the territory of the State of Kedah sent a warning to Siam of Kedah's strength. Kedah achieved its greatest extent during Sultan Muhammad Jiwa's reign, its borders stretching from Terang in the north to Krian in the south.

He is also known for having introduced gold and silver currency for trade in the state of Kedah.

On 20 Dec 1735, Sultan Muhammad Jiwa transferred his capital to Alor Star. After founding the city, he went on to build his palace, Istana Kota Setar which today houses the Kedah Royal Museum.

On April 7, 1761, Sultan Muhammad Jiwa abdicated the throne and his son, Tengku Abdullah, was proclaimed as his Regent.

Sultan Muhammad Jiwa was married four times. His first wife was Nang Che’ Puan Paduka Bonda. His second wife was Tunku Putri.^[1] The names of his third and fourth wives are not known.

He had at least six children:

1. Tunku Long Putra Shah
2. Tunku Mangku Putra
3. Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah^[1]
4. Sultan Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II^[1]
5. Tunku Rahima^[1]
6. Tunku Dayang

Sultan Muhammad Jiwa passed away 23 Sep 1778 at Alor Star, Kedah (1760^[1]). He was buried at the Langgar Royal Mausoleum in Kedah. His posthumous name is Al-Marhum Kota Star al-Awwal

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6} "Notes on the History of Kedah", by R. Windstedt, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 14, No. 3 (126), December 1936, pp.155-189; see in particular p.186 for pedigree chart. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41559857

• Wikipedia entry for Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II of Kedah

• Sultan Muhammad Jiwa II: Sultan of Kedah Who is Close to Scholars by Hasanuddin Yusof, 12 Sep 2017. Available online at The Patriots.