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Edward (Keith) Keith Marischal of Scotland (abt. 1280 - bef. 1346)

Sir Edward Keith Marischal of Scotland formerly Keith
Born about in Scotlandmap [uncertain]
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Son of and [uncertain]
Brother of , , and
Husband of — married [date unknown] in Scotlandmap [uncertain]
Husband of — married before Jul 1305 in Scotlandmap [uncertain]
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Died before before about age 66 in Scotlandmap [uncertain]
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Declaration of Arbroath
Edward (Keith) Keith Marischal of Scotland signed the Declaration of Arbroath.
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The Birth Date is a rough estimate. See the text for details.

Contents

Biography

Edward (Keith) Keith Marischal of Scotland is a member of Clan Keith.
European Aristocracy
Sir Edward Keith was a member of the aristocracy in Scotland.

Birth

Sir Edward Keith was the son of William de Keith (died c. 1293) and Barbara de Seton, daughter of Adam de Seton,[1] although according to Cawley, William's wife is unknown.[2] Through this alleged marriage, three, possibly four additional children were born: Sir Richard, who died without issue; Sir Robert, heir and Marischal of Scotland; Philip, rector of Biggar in Lanarkshire; and Unknown, a daughter who reportedly married William Douglas, but according to Balfour Paul, lacks evidence of proof.[1][3]

Although Edward's date of birth is unknown, it has been estimated as occurring circa 1280, based upon his grandnephew Robert's[4][5] projected birthdate, where Balfour Paul commented that Robert was:

...mentioned by Wyntoun[6] as having been present at the taking of Perth in 1332. He must have been then quite a youth, for he seems to have been under age in 1335-36, when Ralph de Neville possessed his half of the Soulis lands in Liddesdale in ward.[7]

If, as suggested, Robert was present at the taking of Perth in 1332, he would likely have been at least 16, in order to have qualified for military service.[8][9] Given that he was still a minor in 1335-36, he would probably have been about 19.[7] Thus, grandnephew Robert may have been born circa 1316. Assuming a youthful parentage of 21 for Robert's father, John, John's date of birth may have occurred about 1295. Had John's father, Robert Keith, likewise been 21 at John's birth, he would have been born around 1274. Therefore, Edward, who was likely the third or fourth son may have been born about or before 1280.

Marriage and Issue

Sir Edward Keith and his first wife, Isabel de Synton, daughter of Alexander II and heiress of Synton, married before July 1305, through whom Edward inherited the hereditary sheriffdom of Selkirk.[10][11][7] Together, they had three children:[12][13]

  • John, who married Mariota de Cheyne, daughter and co-heiress of Reginald de Cheyne of Inverugie and Mary, daughter of Freskin de Moravia of Duffus.
  • Sir William, who succeeded as Marischal of Scotland .
  • Catherine, who married Alexander Barclay.

Edward married secondly, Christian Menteith, daughter of Sir John de Menteith, Lord of Arran and his wife Ellen of Mar.[14] They presumably had one child, Janet Keith (or Jean), who married first, Sir David Barclay of Brechin[15][14] and secondly, before 13 April 1370, Sir Thomas Erskine of Erskine.[13] According to Balfour Paul, however, there was little evidence that Janet Keith was the daughter of Edward Keith and his second wife, Christian.[16]

Parliament of St. Andrews

Letter from the Magnates of Scotland to King Philip IV of France, 1309. National Records of Scotland reference SP13/3.

On 16 March 1309, while attending Bruce's St. Andrew's Parliament,[17] Edward's brother Robert received a grant from Robert Bruce of the former Comyn lands in Buchan that included the Forest of Kintore in Grioch and the lands of Alnedan and Auchtidonald in Buchan.[18][19] Edward, also in attendance, was likewise given great tracts of land that included those that are now within the parishes of Methlick, Monquhitter, New Deer, Ellon, Longside, and Foveran.[20] Of greater significance, however, was the following letter drafted at this Parliament to Philip IV, on which the attendees, including both Edward and his brother Robert, placed their seals[21] in an effort to petition French support for the sovereignty of Scotland:

May your royal majesty deign to take note, with pious mind, that in the exaltation of Christian princes the name of Christ is extolled and the Catholic faith strengthened. If, therefore, the standing of our lord [the king whom] we say unanimously is [... ... ...], is exalted and the kingdom of Scotland returns to its former free condition, the tempests of war having been quelled and secure peace having been granted, then your royal highness will be able to have as supporters to achieve the end of your desire, the service of God, and to come to your help, not only our lord the king aforesaid, but also the inhabitants of his kingdom as best they are able.[22]

Declaration of Arbroath

Declaration of Arbroath, Translation

In response to the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Declaration of Arbroath was written to Pope John XXII on 6 April 1320, whereby the Scots demanded sovereignty from English control.[23][24][25] Despite the Scottish victory over the English at the Battle of Bannockburn in June of 1314, neither Edward II nor the Pope recognized Robert Bruce as king of Scotland.[26][27] This call for independence from the feudal control of the Norman kings and their demand to accept Robert Bruce as king of the Scots was met with hostility by Edward II. Although Pope John XXII responded to the Declaration by calling for peace between England and Scotland, the English King refused to recognize the Pope's invocation.[28][25][29] While this action of the Pope may have been a quid pro quo for the Scottish promise to support the Pope's longed-for crusade, the Pope's loyalty proved inconstant, as the following year he again allied with the English cause.[29] It was not until the accession of Edward III that Scottish independence and the acknowledgement of Robert Bruce as king of Scotland was finally recognized in the 1328 Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton.[30][31]

While the letter seems one of unity and most sealants were, in fact, loyal to Robert Bruce and his cause, all were not.[25] It is known, however, that Edward was numbered among the steadfast, given the great tracts of former Comyn lands awarded by Robert Bruce.[20] What is uncertain is whether Edward's grant of Comyn lands was the result of his participating in the Battle of Bannockburn along side his brother, Robert, but it is suspect given that Robert was awared Comyn lands at the same time for his service in the war. Yet, despite this royal favor, Edward's name was not included in the body of the letter of the Declaration of Arbroath, but instead, his seal was fixed on the same tag as those of Arthur and Donald Campbell, which suggests a possible link to that family.[32] Whatever the association, bad blood existed between the Keiths and the Campbells, as brothers Neil and Donald Campbell abducted and wed heiresses Susan and Alice Crawford of Loudoun, when Robert Keith had already purchased the right to arrange the marriages of these two girls years earlier from King John.[33] Along with Edward's seal, there were others with placed seals who were not mentioned in the Declaration as well, which included Alexander Lamberton, John Inchmartin, Thomas Menzies, John Durant, Thomas Morham, and one illegible name.[34]

Notable Events

By 1328 and opportunely loyal to Robert Bruce , Edward also received a charter to the lands of Kelly, witnessed by his brother Robert Keith.[10] During this time, Edward continued to hold the hereditary office of Sherrif of Selkirk and by 1341 served as a juror at an inquisition held at Aberdeen before his brother, Robert, Marischal of Scotland.[7][10] Unfortunately, no record of his activities between the years 1328 and 1341 have been located, but it is known that neither Edward nor his brother Robert was at the Battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333, but Edward's son Sir William Keith, fighting under Sir Archibald Douglas, was taken prisoner there.[10]

Between the years 1343 and 1346, Sir Edward succeeded his brother Robert to the Keith estates and the hereditary office of Marischal of Scotland.[7][10][35] There is some uncertainty regarding the exact year of his succession, however, as brother Robert is reported as having died at the battle of Durham in 1346,[7] while the record at People of Medieval Scotland indicates that he died circa 1343.[35]

Death

Sir Edward Keith reportedly died before 1351 and was succeeded by his son Sir William Keith.[13][7] However, according to People of Medieval Scotland and Cokayne (Vol. VIII), Edward died at the Battle of Durham on 17 October 1346.[35][10] No additional sources have been located that address Edward's participation in this or any other battle. Edward's burial location is unknown.

Research Notes

As stated, sources have not been located that address the biographical data of Edward Keith between the years 1328 and 1341. The following sources were reviewed with no additional biographical information found:

  • Bain, Joseph (Ed.). (1887). Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland (Vol. III). Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House. Retrieved from Google Books (Available online); accessed 8 August 2021.
  • Boece, Hector. (1858). The Buik of the Croniclis of Scotland: Or, a Metrical Version of the History of Hector Boece (Vol. III). London: Longmand, Brown, Green, Lopngmans, and Roberts. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Availalbe online); accessed 8 August 2021.
  • Dalrymple, David. (1797). Annals of Scotland: From the Accession of Malcolm III in the Year MLVII to the Accession of the House of Stewart in the Year MCCCLXXI, to Which are Added, Tracts Relative to the History and Antiquities of Scotland (Third ed., Vol. II). Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 8 August 2021.
  • Gray, Thomas. (1907). Scalacronica: The Reigns of Edward I, Edward II and Edward III, as Recorded by Sir Thomas Gray (Herbert Maxwell trans., Vol. I). Glasgow: J. Maclehose. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available Online); accessed 26 June 2021.
  • Maxwell, Charles A. (1870). English and Scottish Chivalry. Tales From Authentic Chronicles and Histories. Edinburgh: William P. Nimmo. Retrieved from Google books (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  • Nisbet, Alexander. (1816). A system of heraldry, speculative and practical, with the true art of blazon, according to the most approved heralds in Europe: illustrated with suitable examples of armoria figures, and achievements of the most considerable surnames and families in Scotland, together with historical and genealogical memorials relative thereto (Vol. II). Edinburgh: W. Blackwood. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 8 August 2021.
  • Ramsay, James Henry. (1913). Genesis of Lancaster; or, The Three Reigns of Edward II, Edward III, and Richard II, 1307-1399 (Vol. 1). Oxford: The Clarendon Press. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  • Thomson, Thomas. (1896). A History of the Scottish People From the Earliest Times (Vol. 1). Unknown Publisher. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.

Sources

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Balfour Paul, James. (1909). The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom (Vol. VI, p. 30). Edinburgh: D. Douglas. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 14 August 2021.
  2. ↑ Cawley, C. (11 May 2021). Scotland Untitled Nobility (John Keith, no. 1b). Retrieved from Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (Available online); accessed 14 July 2021.
  3. ↑ Cawley, C. (11 May 2021). Scotland Untitled Nobility (William Keith, no. 1a, b, c, d.). Retrieved from Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (Available online); accessed 1 July 2021.
  4. ↑ Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707. (7 November 1324). Charter: To Sir Robert Keith of Lands and the Office of Marischal Resigned in Full Council (trans. n.d.). Retrieved from RPS (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  5. ↑ Thomson, John Maitland (Ed.). (1912). Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum A.D. 1306-1424 (App. I, no. 47, p. 453, 454). Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. Retrieved from HathiTrust (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  6. ↑ Wyntoun, Andrew. (1872). The Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland (Vol. II, p. 394). In David Laing (Ed.). Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Balfour Paul, James. (1909). The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom (Vol. VI, p. 33). Edinburgh: D. Douglas. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  8. ↑ MacDonald, Alastair J. (October 2013). Courage, Fear and the Experience of the Later Medieval Scottish Soldier (p. 182). The Scottish Historical Review, 92(235), 179-206. doi: 10.3366/shr.2013.0174. Retrieved from euppublishing.com (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  9. ↑ Alvarez, Sandra. (9 March 2014). Teenagers at War During the Middle Ages. Retrieved from De Re Militari (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Cokayne, George Edward. (1932). The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times (Vol. VIII, pp. 471, 472). London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd. Retrieved from FamilySearch (Available online); accessed 14 August 2021
  11. ↑ People of Medieval Scotland. (23 July 1305). Wife of Edward Keith, source 4/38/44 (CDS, ii, no. 1681). Retrieved from PoMS (Available online); accessed 6 August 2021.
  12. ↑ Balfour Paul, James. (1909). The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom (Vol. VI, pp. 33, 35). Edinburgh: D. Douglas. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 14 August 2021.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Cawley, C. (11 May 2021). Scotland Untitled Nobility (Edward de Keith). Retrieved from Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (Available online); accessed 6 August 2021.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Douglas, Robert. (1764). The Peerage of Scotland, Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom, from their Origin to the Present Generation. Collected from the Public Records and Chartularies of this Country, the Records and other Writings of the Nobility and the Works of our Best Historians (pp. 462, 466). Edinburgh: R. Fleming. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 6 August 2021.
  15. ↑ Cokayne, George Edward. (1932). The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times (Vol. VIII, p. 410). London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd. Retrieved from FamilySearch (Available online); accessed 26 June 2021.
  16. ↑ Balfour Paul, James. (1908). The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom (Vol. V, p. 599). Edinburgh: David Douglas. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 6 August 2021.
  17. ↑ Barbour, John. (1909). The Bruce (no. 61, p. 441). London: A. and C. Black. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 28 June 2021.
  18. ↑ Robertson, William. (1798). An Index, Drawn up About the Year 1629, of Many Records of Charters, Granted by the Different Sovereigns of Scotland Between the Years 1309 and 1413... (p. 2). Edinburgh: Murray & Cochrane. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 9 August 2021.
  19. ↑ McLennan, Neil. (2020). Conquered by No One: A People's History of the Scots who made the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320 (pp. 141-146). In N. McLennan (Ed.). Edinburgh: Old Baberton. Retrieved from the library of Pamela Moen; accessed 9 August 2021.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Barrow, G. W. S. (2013). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (p. 270). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Retrieved from personal library of Pamela Moen; accessed 9 August 2021.
  21. ↑ Barrow, G. W. S. (2013). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (pp. 185, 186). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Retrieved from personal library of Pamela Moen; accessed 9 August 2021.
  22. ↑ Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707. (16 March 1309). Letters: By the Magnates of Scotland to Philip IV, King of France (trans. n.d.). Retrieved from RPS (Available online); accessed 3 July 2021.
  23. ↑ Burns, W. (1874). The Scottish war of independence, its antecedents and effects (Vol. I, pp. 297-304). Glasgow: James MacLehose. Retrieved from Internet Archive (Available online); accessed 14 August 2021.
  24. ↑ The National Archives of Scotland (6 January 2017). The Seals on the Declaration of Arbroath. Retrieved from National Records of Scotland (Available online); accessed 14 August 2021.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 National Records of Scotland. (2005). The Declaration of Arbroath: 700th anniversary display. Retrieved from the National Records of Scotland (Available online; accessed 14 August 2021.
  26. ↑ Scott, Ronald McNair. (2014). Robert the Bruce, King of Scots (p. 146, 159). Edinburgh: Canongate. Retrieved from the Kindle library of Pamela Moen; accessed 14 August 2021.
  27. ↑ Barrow, G. W. S. (2013). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (p. 206). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Retrieved from personal library of Pamela Moen; accessed 14 August 2021.
  28. ↑ Douglas, R. (1764). The Peerage of Scotland: Containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, from their origin to the present generation: Collected from the public records, and ancient chartularies of this nation, the charters, and other writings of the nobility, and the works of our best historians (pp. 480, 481). Edinburgh: R. Fleming. Retrieved from Internet Archive Available online; accessed 14 August 2021.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Scott, Ronald McNair. (2014). Robert the Bruce, King of Scots (p. 197). Edinburgh: Canongate. Retrieved from the Kindle library of Pamela Moen; accessed 14 August 2021.
  30. ↑ Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707. (6 April 1320). Letters: The Declaration of Arbroath; Letter of the Barons of Scotland to Pope John XXII (trans. n.d.). Retrieved from RPS (Available online); accessed 14 August 2021.
  31. ↑ McHugh, Jenny. (2020). For Freedom Alone: The Declaration of Arbroath From English Records. Retrieved from The National archives (Available online); accessed 14 August 2021.
  32. ↑ Barrow, G. W. S. (2013). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (p. 376). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Retrieved from personal library of Pamela Moen; accessed 9 August 2021.
  33. ↑ Barrow, G. W. S. (2013). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (p. 284). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Retrieved from personal library of Pamela Moen; accessed 9 August 2021.
  34. ↑ Neil McLennan (Ed.). (2020). Conquered By No One: The Missing Seals (p. 236). From the personal library of Pamela Moen; accessed 6 August 2021.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 People of Medieval Scotland 1093-1371. Robert Keith, Marischal (no. 16138). Retrieved from PoMS (Available online); accessed 6 August 2021.




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Images: 3
Declaration of Arbroath
Declaration of Arbroath
Arms of Keith, Earl Marischal
Arms of Keith, Earl Marischal
Pedigree of the Menteiths of Rusky, Kerse, Etc.
Pedigree of the Menteiths of Rusky, Kerse, Etc.


Comments: 9

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Brown-8212 Abby (Brown) Glann
Hello Profile Managers!

We are featuring this profile in the Connection Finder this week. Between now and Wednesday is a good time to take a look at the sources and biography to see if there are updates and improvements that need made, especially those that will bring it up to WikiTree Style Guide standards. We know it's short notice, so don't fret too much. Just do what you can.

Thanks!

Abby

posted by Abby (Brown) Glann
Lohbeck-1 Pamela Lohbeck
I have completed updating the biographies, sources, and citations for the immediate family members of Keith-1295. If any typos are located within this biography, please correct. If pedigree errors are found, please comment and add sources that corroborate your corrections or recommendation/s for change. Thanks!
posted by Pamela Lohbeck
Madison-125 Bobbie (Madison) Hall
Beautiful job, Pam. Thank you *so* much!
posted by Bobbie (Madison) Hall
Lohbeck-1 Pamela Lohbeck
What was the source for the marriage date of 1341 between Edward Keith-1295 and Christian Menteith-4, daughter of Sir John de Menteith, Lord of Arran and his wife Ellen of Mar? Neither of the given sources in Christian's profile regarding this marriage provide a marriage date [SP (Vol. 6, p. 132) and Fraser (Vol. 1, p. 460)].
posted by Pamela Lohbeck
edited by Pamela Lohbeck
Lohbeck-1 Pamela Lohbeck
I have completed updating the biography, sources, and citations for Keith-1295. I will begin sourcing and adding the remaining biographies/sources for his four children. If any typos are located within this biography, please correct. If pedigree errors are found, please comment and add sources that corroborate your corrections or recommendation/s for change. Thanks!
posted by Pamela Lohbeck
Athey-67 Darlene (Athey) Athey-Hill
Keith-1295 and Keith-1588 appear to represent the same person because: clear duplicates.
posted on Keith-1588 (merged) by Darlene (Athey) Athey-Hill
Thomas-10705 Michael Thomas
Kieth-14 and Keith-1588 appear to represent the same person because: Kieth is INCORRECT spelling of the surname. The men are identical. Please merge.
posted on Keith-1588 (merged) by Michael Thomas
Thomas-10705 Michael Thomas
I am the manager of Clan Keith in the Scottish Clans Project. A question was asked re: Kieth today on G2G and I am trying to do some cleanup.

Is there a possibility that this Kieth could be a misspelling and the actual name is KEITH? If so, please make the change and let me know. I can add the Clan Category after the change is made.

Thank you for your assistance.

posted on Keith-1588 (merged) by Michael Thomas
Thomas-10705 Michael Thomas
I am the manager of Clan Keith in the Scottish Clans Project. A question was asked re: Kieth today on G2G and I am trying to do some cleanup.

Is there a possibility that this Kieth could be a misspelling and the actual name is KEITH? If so, please make the change and let me know. I can add the Clan Category after the change is made.

Thank you for your assistance.

posted on Keith-1588 (merged) by Michael Thomas

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Categories: Battle of Neville's Cross | Declaration of Arbroath, Edward Keith Family Worklist | Declaration of Arbroath | Scotland Project Managed Arbroath Profiles | Estimated Birth Date | Clan Keith