In answer to your first question: these cards (really booklets) were issued during World War I. The dates bear that out, as does a story that my great-aunt told me (Her dad accidentally went to work without his, He was supposed to have it on him at all times, so she had to run it over to him.)
In answer to your second question: this was an interesting case. My great-grandfather immigrated at the age of 3. He was orphaned, and later legally adopted, by a couple by the name of Lindsay. So, for almost all of his life, he had a Scottish last name.