Daughter of Pauline Geller and David Zimmer, an immigrant from Sereth, Bukowina, Austro-Hungarian Empire (today Romania). The family was Orthodox Jewish.
Esther Lederberg discovered the lambda phage, a bacterial virus which is widely used as a tool to study gene regulation and genetic recombination. She also invented the replica plating technique, which is used to isolate and analyse bacterial mutants and track antibiotic resistance.
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