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Richard Wagner "was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionized opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesize the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realized these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung)".[1]
Richard was born as Wilhelm Richard Wagner on 22 May 1813 in Leipzig, Germany, the son of Carl Friedrich Wagner and Johanna Rosine Pätz. Richard was baptized 16 August 1813[2] at the Lutheran St. Thomas Church in Leipzig.[3] His father, Karl, died a few months later on 22 November 1813. "Wagner's parentage is uncertain: He is either the son of police actuary Friedrich Wagner, who died soon after Richard was born, or the son of the man he called his stepfather, the painter, actor and poet Ludwig Geyer (whom his mother married in August 1814)."[4]
Richard was married to the singer and actress Christine Wilhelmine Planer on 24 November 1836 at Tragheim, Germany.[5] They later separated and did not have any children. Christine died 25 January 1866.
Richard had a relationship with Cosima Liszt, the daughter of the famous pianist Franz Liszt. Three children were born to them: Isolde, born 1865; Eva, born 1866; and Siegfried, born 1869. Richard and Cosima were married 25 August 1870 in Luzern, Switzerland.
Richard's death came 13 February 1883 in Venice, Italy, at the age of 69.[6]
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