The_farm_Zeekoegat_along_the_Hexrivier.jpg

The farm Zeekoegat along the Hexrivier

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Location: Worcester, Cape Colony, South Africamap
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The Zeekoegat farm along the Hex River

The farm "Zeekoegat" at de Wet, near Worcester was settled by farmers coming into the Brede River valley, mainly via 'Roodezand' where later the town of Tulbagh was located. Zeekoegat is along the Hex River where it comes through a narrow kloof from what is now the well known fruit growing area of the Hex River valley. Zeekoegat had a long list of owners, that we try to list here.[1]

The numbering scheme for Quitrent farm plots, and possibly earlier 'folio numbers' from VOC times suggest that the farms in this corner where the Hex River emerges from the Kloof into the Breede River valley was early to get officially settled. Logically, this was before the farms like Buffelshoek, in the Hex River valley, behind the Kloof. That would suggest dates of settlement by dutch farmers/herders/hunters in the early 1700's.

One may reasonably assume an important role for the measles/cold/flu epidemics of 1713 and following years, that ravaged and weakened the Khoi/San tribes. This left a power vacuum for dutch settlers to fill, by settling and claiming certain plots of land. These would subsequently get unofficial support and protection from neighbouring farmers operating as a 'commando', followed by an 'official' status and protection from the VOC.

This is a work in progress, and any further contributions are very much appreciated.

Khoi/San herders, hunters, gatherers

Before the settlers and adventurers arrived from the Cape of Good Hope colony set up by the "Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie", the inhabitants were the indiginous Khoi and San peoples. The narrow valley at the mouth of which Zeekoegat is positioned is rich in rock paintings, places of great beauty, and narrow, cool, mysterious side valleys with springs, where one can easily imagine having religious rituals and experiences. Sadly, they have suffered a lot from tourists and vandals.

The "Skurwe koppie" is a wild rocky ridge of beauty, covered in aloe and karroo vegetation, and the location where the ashes of a number of Heatlie family members are kept. A few large rocks to one side have been polished by what may have been elephants scratching themselves. The "Heunigkop" is covered by large waboom trees. The "Kerrie klip" on the side of "Ben Thomas" is a large rock with a whole through wich the wind blows, along one of the ways up this mountain. "Kat rivier" is the stream fed by fountains higher up on the side of Ben Thomas, one of which is still used for the local drinking water on the farm. Behind Ben Heatlie is "Malkopskloof", with its little river and reliable source of water, now lead around to Orange Grove through a pipeline. It is said that the word "Malkop" came from a Khoi word for leopard, a cat that still lives in these mountains, with the rooikat, the baboon, the hedgehog, the witkruis arend, and some small bokkies.

When this plot was first granted as a farm, there must still have been hippopotamus in the river. Hunting was still an important activity, and the new settlers probably used the location for grazing, while there must have at least some competition with the original Khoi/San inhabitants. For now, we don't know when this was, who made the first land claim, and who named it Zeekoegat.

It seems likely that some Khoi/San tribes were connected to this corner of the Brede river valley, and it would be nice to at least know their names.

Josua Joubert and Maria Johanna Hugo

In 1756 Josua Joubert (bef.1735-1795), was already farming at Zeekoegat[2], when he married the nearly 16 year old Maria Johanna (Hugo) Joubert (1740-abt.1781), from Buffelskraal[3] further up in the Hex River valley. It is not unlikely that the nearly 21 year old Josua managed Zeekoegat for his father/mother, who lived in the Drakenstein area.

Josua Joubert had multiple marriage links to the Hugo family of Pierre (Húgot) Hugo (abt.1710-1752) at Buffelskraal. His half-sister Catharina Magdalena (Hoppe) de Vos (bef.1741-1778) was the wife of Jacobus (Húgot) Hugo (bef.1737-1769), the brother of his wife. His sister Margaretha (Joúbert) Hugo (1728-1780) had married his wife's uncle Daniël Hugo (1724-bef.1754), who had the farm of Concordia in the Koo.

From the baptism locations of their children, it looks like Josua Joubert and Maria Johanna went to live in Drakenstein. So possibly, it fitted them to hand over Zeekoegat to a new owner. Later, Josua was a Heemraad of Stellenbosch and Drakenstein district. Josua is said to have lived and farmed at "Welbedacht in Drakenstein", likely the one we can find on the map of 1890-1900 just to the south of Wellington[4].

1761 Daniel Hugo

Daniel Hugo was the 6th child and youngest son of the Pieter Hugo (1710-1752) and Anne Retif (1704-1764). His brother Pieter moved on to "Hartebeeskraal" along the Bokkerivier in the Bokkeveld behind the Hexriver mountain range (later on he seems to have moved to Swartland or Drakenstein). After the death of their father Pierre in 1752, the mother farmed Buffelskraal with the children. In 1755, on her deathbed, the mother Anna Retiff wrote down her last will, for Jacobus to inherit Buffelskraal, and also to accept responsibility for his minor siblings, including Daniel. When the sister Maria Johanna married Josua Joubert (bef.1735-1795) in 1756, she was settled.

In 1761, when Daniel was 17 years old his brother bought the grazing rights of Zeekoegat from his younger sister and brother in law Josua Joubert, and transferred these to Daniel to provide him with a start in life as a farmer[5].

1776 Swellengrebel expedition

The expedition[6] of Hendrik Swellengrebel (1734) (son of Governor Swellingrebel (1700-1760)), with artist Johannes Shuhmacher[7], passed by the farm of Daniel Hugo 'geleen' aan die Hex Rivier, continued through the Kloof, passing the farms of van der Merwe (Vendutiekraal) and Jacobus Jordaan (de Doorns), to reach Wouter de Vos (at Buffelskraal). Schumacher made a drawing of the opstal of Wouter de Vos, but he mistakenly named Daniel Hugo as the owner. The drawing has too many impressive mountains to really represent the farm dwelling at Zeekoegat.

1778 Plettenberg journey

Governor Joachim Ammena van Plettenberg (1739-1793) accompanied by Robert-Jacob Gordon (bef.1743-1795)[8] and Johannes Schumacher stayed overnight at the farm of Daniel Hugo situated at the entrance to the Hex River Kloof. The following day they continued through the Kloof to weduwe Jacobus van der Merwe at Vendutiekraal, then past the farm of Jordaan (de Doorns) to the farm of Wouter de Vos at Buffelskraal.

Death Catharina Margaretha Hoppe

Jacobus Hugo had died in 1769, leaving Buffelskraal to his wife. In 1771 she remarried to Wouter de Vos, and had three more children.

In 1778, when Catharina died, she left the Buffelskraal farm to Wouter de Vos and the children. Daniel Hugo and Josua Joubert were the executors of her estate (1780).

1779 Census for Daniel Hugo

The VOC monsterrol of 1779[9] lists the following for the 36 year old Daniel.

  • 11 adult slaves, 9 male, 2 female
  • 8 horses
  • 760 cattle
  • 600 sheep
  • crops: none recorded

Marriage Daniel Hugo with Catharina Margaretha Roux

In 1781, Daniel Hugo married to Catharina Margaretha Roux (bef.1764-aft.1789), and they signed a joint will at their farm "Zeekoeigat, gelegen aan de Hex Rivier"[10].

Death of Daniel Hugo

In 1787 Daniel, aged 44, died childless. Zeekoeigat devolved to his widow, who remarried about 6 months later with Christiaan Pieter de Wit (bef.1759-abt.1817).

Christiaan Pieter de Wit

In 1789, Catharina Margaretha died, the farm devolved to her husband Christiaan Pieterse de Wit In 1792, he remarried with Johanna Catharina de Kock. In 1809, they built a new homestead at Zeekoeigat.

1804 Journey of the de Mist party

The journal of the travels of de Mist for 5-11 March 1804 passed from Touwsrivier through the Hex River valley, via Buffelskraal, de Doorns, Vendutiekraal, and through the kloof, where they stayed with C. du Toit at Tweefontein, the farm next to Zeekoegat. This journal does not mention Zeekoegat, but it does give a few of the owners of farms nearby. The following matches with wikitree profiles seem reasonable, for the stops along the route (5-11 March 1804):

Tulbagh Slave Register, 1816-1834(38)

In 1816, 10 years after slave trade ended, under Lord Charles Somerset, the Cape Colony administration set up slave registers by district[11], with the goal to stop abuse of Khoi/San 'free blacks', enslavement of freed slaves from captured slave trading ships that often started out being 'apprenticed', and eventually, to work towards abolition. These registers were not perfect, but they are a goldmine of information on these last two decades leading towards abolition in 1834/38. They tell us about retirement, death, widows, transfers to children under guardianship, size of farming operations, farmers moving their central homestead to another district, and finally also about slaves living and working at Zeekoegat.

On 6 January 1817, the Tulbagh Slave Register arrived at Zeekoegat, to register the 21 slaves[12], eventually growing to 31[13], of Christiaan Pieter de Wit and his widow. On 30 March, Christiaan Pieter died, and the register moved to his widow.

Of the slaves listed on the initial date of 6 January 1817, eight men en two women are old enough to potentially have been around since 1779, when Daniel Hugo's opgaafrol listed 9 male and 2 female slaves. The 8 older men were:

  1. Lakey van Malabar, est. birth 1737
  2. Galant van Mosambique, est. birth 1754
  3. Syster van Malabar, est. birth 1757
  4. Oranje van de Kaap, est. birth 1758
  5. Moses van de Kaap, est. birth 1761
  6. Patientie van Bougies, est. birth 1767
  7. Hendrik van de Kaap, est. birth 1772
  8. Ziedel van de Kaap, est. birth 1774

And the two women:

  1. Silvia van de Kaap, est. birth 1759
  2. Roset van de Kaap, est. birth 1764

Johanna Catharina de Kock

On 30 March 1817 Christiaan Pieter died, and the farm went to his widow Johanna Catharina de Kock with many children. This is also when the first known farm survey diagram was made of Zeekoegat (see attached). The much later survey diagram, from 1902, has a few added remarks to indicate two small plots that were granted to her son, Frederick Christiaan Pieter de Wit (bef.1789-abt.1874), and son-in-law, Willem Carel (Van der Merwe) van der Merwe (1785-abt.1858). Most likely, these were Pampoenefontein and Hasekraal.

On 5 Feb 1821 she remarried with Matthijs Andries de Beer. The couple moved to Beaufort district in 1822, sold many of the slaves, but only officially transferred the remaining slaves to that district in 1824. It seems likely that this is also when they sold Zeekoegat. Some of the oldest slaves listed may have been there from the times of Daniel Hugo, or even Josua Joubert.

Unclear period

It is not quite clear to whom they sold the Zeekoegat farm at this moment in time. It may have been Johannes Godfriedus Bruwer (1774-1852), but his homestead remained at Tradouw, and his slaves were all registered[14] in Swellendam District. This in itself is not impossible, as many farmers had multiple farms. Partly to give to their sons. But also to move cattle around between farms at low and high locations, wet and dry, or to avoid diseases.

Alternatively, an intermediate owner may have been his uncle Johannes Petrus Bruere (1757), as the 1822-24 moment coincides with his move from Swellendam district to Tulbagh district, as visible in his slave registrations[15]. Johanned Petrus retired approximately when the Slave Registration ended, without children. Some of his slaves went to Johannes Godfriedus, so it is not unthinkable that Zeekoegat also came via him.

Other people to look at may be those that bought slaves from Zeekoegat in the period of 1822-24 when Johanna Christina de Kock transferred her slaves to her second husband, then closed down their operations at Zeekoegat with her new husband, and made their move to Beaufort. Some of the slaves had been moved to some of her children in earlier years.

Thomas Tennant Heatlie - Pampoenfontijn, Hasekraal

In 1843, when Thomas Tenant Heatlie (1829-1895) was 14 years old, he could go and learn farming with his 'uncle' W. de Wos at the Modderdrift farm, most likely the 21 year old Wouter, son of Pieter Jacobus from Buffelskraal (abt.1820-1874). In 1823, Pieter Jacobus had become owner of large parts of the de Doorns farm, and his son Wouter continued there. The Modderdrift farm may have been part of that land, or an acquisition of previous outspan/government land bordering it. (Most of Modderdrift would later evolve into the "Orchard" farm, with a canning company, all next to a railway station.)

Thomas Tennant probably learnt to do the meticulous book keeping, that left his family with ledgers describing his later adventurous speculations, partnerships, and experiments.

His mother had died in 1840, and his father in 1846. On 1 April 1851, at 21 years old, he made a start for himself: he could buy two small pieces of land from (probably) Hendrik Schalk Pienaar (1818-1875): Hasekraal, and Pampoenfontein, together only a bit more than 2 morgen of land, near the Hex River, next to the main road, bordering on Zeekoegat. He paid £400, and the sale was entered at the deeds office in 1852[16].

In this case we know the full name of Hendrik Schalk Pienaar, and it seems reasonable to make the match with Hendrik Schalk Pienaar (1818-1875), who died at his farm "De Hoop", somewhere in Worcester district. This may be the much larger lot, a real farm, "de Hoop in het land van Waveren", north-east of Robertson, with its own "Hoopsrivier" coming out of the Langeberg.

The later survey from 1902/3 gives the additional information that the one plot (Pampoenfontijn?) was granted to F.C. de Wet on 24 May 1816, and the second, somewhat larger (Hasekraal?), plot to W.C. van der Merwe, on 25 May 1819. It also shows that around the two plots, there was an additional piece of quitrent land, still not a large farm.

The match for "F.C. de Wet" may well be Frederick Christiaan Pieter de Wit (bef.1789-abt.1874), son of the above mentioned Christiaan Pieters de Wit. A good match for "W.C.van der Merwe" is possibly Willem Carel (Van der Merwe) van der Merwe (1785-abt.1858), who in 1811 married Margaretha Johanna de Wit, daughter of the above mentioned Christiaan Pieters de Wit.

Johannes Godfriedus Bruwer

A search through the Bruwer family tree, for a good match with a "Johanna Bruwer, widow of Johan Bruwer, Senior", who could have sold Zeekoegat to "P.D. de Wet", well before 1859, leads to a surprisingly unique match: Johannes Godfriedus Bruwer, and his third and last wife Johanna Maria Massoret/Mazuret. Johannes died on 20 Feb 1852. A few months after him, a son died as well. If they had kept Zeekoegat for their offspring, the two deaths may be why it was sold?

The plot next to 'Zeekoegat', towards Worcester town is still called 'Brewelskloof', after the Bruwer/Brewel owners. It is not quite clear what the Bruwers did at Zeekoegat, as all other records note Johannes Godfriedus and his wife remained living in Tradouw, Swellendam district. However, it was also not unusual for people to own a number of farms, at sometimes great distance from each other.

In 1944, after many years of complaints about weak Tuberculosis care, with TB spreading, a hostpital was built at Brewelskloof [17].

Pieter Daniel de Wet

On 29th June 1857, T.T. Heatlie wrote down[16]: "Gave C. Beck authority to buy P.D. de Wet's farm Zeekoegat this day". The sale was finally registered at the deeds office on 10th August 1858. Zeekoegat was 1069 morgen, and Thomas Tennant paid £3000 for it.

The current owner of Orange Grove, Tommie Heatlie, says that he has definite but rather vague information in the papers of a certain Johanna Brewel, the widow of Johan Bruwer, who originally must have sold Zeekoegat to this "P.D. de Wet" (or possibly even his father?). The rather unique match with the already mentioned Johannes Godfriedus Bruwer and his widow Johanna pins the time down to shortly after his death in 1852. We may conclude that "P.D. de Wet" only owned Zeekoegat for about 5-6 years.

For now, the best match for "P.D. de Wet" is Pieter Daniel de Wet (1824-1912), a farmer who got married in Worcester in 1850, and later retired in Worcester town. His father, Pieter Daniel de Wet (bef.1786-1832), is listed in the Tulbagh/Worcester slave register.

Alternative matches for "P.D. de Wet" could be:

  • Petrus Daniel de Wet (1821-1888), who died at Schaaprivier in Ceres district.
  • Pieter Daniel de Wet (1844-1905), who was very young to fit this story. However, interestingly, he died at the "Orange Grove" farm near Robertson[18], part of the earlier "Norree" farm. It seems reasonable to suspect that the name may have been copied from the other "Orange Grove" farm. This is a brother of the "Jacobus Stephanus de Wet", who is the prime candidate for the "J.S" further in this story. In that case, he may have worked for/with his brother, at Orange Grove, de Wet, before copying the name to his own farm near Robertson.

Thomas Tennant Heatlie

In 1859, Thomas Tenant Heatlie bought Zeekoegat[19] from the above mentioned "P.D. de Wet". But he had already prepared a deal with William Cubitt to buy about half of the farm from him.

William Cubitt

Thomas Tennant bought the whole of Zeekoegat, but immediately sold about half of it to William Cubitt, a Scot who came to South Africa for health reasons. On 29 June 1857, Thomas Tennant decided to buy. It seems that Cubitt already arrived in September at the farmstead of the later Orange Grove with its 502 morgen of ground west of the river. The sale to Cubitt was signed on 8th Feb 1858, for £2000, shortly before the sale by "P.D." de Wet to Thomas Tennant was entered at the deeds office on 16th Feb 1858.

He seems to have been the first to plant Lucerne as fodder, and soil improvement. Cubitt also renovated the farm house by adding a long corridor to connect the rooms that until then had been connected en-suite by a row of doors[19].

Jacobus Stefanus de Wet

William Cubitt returned to England in 1865 and sold Orange Grove to a "J.S de Wet"[16]. Very likely this was Jacobus Stephanus de Wet (1836-1900), born at the farm of Brandvlei. His movements are a good match: the birth location of his first son in Worcester, him moving to Zandvliet at Robertson where his wife came from, at about the time when J.S. de Wet sold Orange Grove.

Jacobus Stephanus was a progressive farmer, who was the first to plant vines at Orange Grove. He also started farming with ostriches. There were some disputes about the usage of water from the Hex River between him and his neighbours, especially in 1866 which was an extremely dry year. Thomas Tennant wrote a letter to Cubitt, asking about his interpretation of their agreements. The disputes were finally dealt with much later, in 1919, by building the 'ses-bek-verdeling' in the Hex River, to divide an equal flow of water over six users, the water flowing in long narrow cement canals.

In 1874, Jacobus Stefanus sold Orange Grove to Thomas Tennant. Seven years earlier, in 1867, he had bought the Zandvliet farm near Robertson[20]. So it is possible that he had moved away some time before selling Seekoegat to Thomas Tennant Heatlie. After his death, the large farm of Zandvliet was subdivided, creating two new farms, Prospect and Excelsior, for his sons. Zandvliet was bought by his younger son, Paul, who made it into a well known high quality wine estate.

Thomas Tennant paid £4300 for the farm, £425 for 7 ostriches, and £50 for 250 goats and sheep. The farm had more than doubled its value in the 16 years that Jacobus Stephanus owned it.

Heatlie family

Since Thomas Tennant, the Heatlie family owned all of Zeekoegat, but he somewhat confusingly called it 'Hexrivier'. But after the death of Thomas Tennant an official survey was done of the current farm, under the name "Glen Heatlie". Bertrand de Vos Heatlie was a surveyor, and he wes the one to sign this diagram.

A number of the brothers farmed there together, but it ended up being owned by Charles Beeton Heatlie.

In this period, the two very large but mountainous land lots called "Ben Heatlie" as well as "Lot LXII" were acquired. This also added some lower-lying parts of the valley next to the Hex River, up to Kanetvlei, which allowed the farm to be divided into three parts for the sons of Charles Beeton. The mountain land could be used to pasture sheep, but it is also the source of essential higher up water that can be used for irrigation.

After the death of Charles Beeton, the farm was subdivided among the three sons: Charles Hugo, Henry Thomas, and John Hugo.

Moia from Mosambique, last of the slaves

On 3 October 1906, a venerably ancient farm worker died at Orange Grove, a century old. This Moia van Mosambique (abt.1806-1906) was brought to the Cape from Mauritius as a young domestic slave in 1814, and had always remained with the family. His status probablty had to be converted to that of 'apprentice', meaning he does not show up in the slave registers of Thomas Heatlie.

It absolutely has to be Moia, but in the civil registration of death his name was given as "John Jackson". He must have been a centenarian at his death, surviving from Napoleonic times. The best explanation is that he must have received his new administrative name after baptism. The last people that knew him, certainlly knew him as 'Moia'.

Charles Hugo Heatlie

The family history was researched and written down by Charles Hugo Heatlie (1900), in his book "the first three generations of Heatlies in South Africa", self published in 1981[19]. This contains many anecdotes about his Heatlie ancestors, but also various details about what happened to the farms of Hazekraal, Pampoenfontein and Zeekoegat that Thomas Tennant bought and farmed on.

Ena Heatlie naming the mountains

Ena, the wife of Charles Hugo, often repeated her story about how she had had the privilege of naming many of the mountains in the neighbourhood. At some point, mapmakers came to the farm and talked with her, to find out what the name was of the nearby mountains and locations. So she gave them the names as known to the family. The mountain towering above the Orange Grove farm is called "Ben Thomas", after the first Heatlie to come to South Africa. Looking from the side of Worcester, Ben Thomas" is one of four mountain tops in a row. These are called the "Ordens berg range", with the highest top being "Orden's berg". The story goes that once the brothers went to climb this mountain, and when they got to the top, they drew lots to decide after whom the mountain would be named. A guest who had come along for the walk won the lottery, and hence the mountain was called "Orden's berg" after him. One of the mountain tops among the Keerom berge on the other side of the valley was called "Ben Heatlie".

Near to the farmhouse, there is the beautiful "Skurwe koppie", the longer hill "Katberg". The old route to Worcester went 'over the nek', through the hills of 'Brewels kloof', past "Heuning kop", where many large protea tree grow.

The Present

At present, the Orange Grove farm is still owned by Heatlies, while the Glenheatlie farm has been sold. The name of Zeekoegat does still survive in the form of a farm stall along the N1 road, selling farm produce. The mountainous parts of "Lot LXII" were acquired in the early 90's to safeguard the water coming from the mountain and into "Malkopskloof", through a pipe around to Orange Grove, allowing higher-lying hills of "Zeekoegatsberg" to be irrigated and hence planted with grapes. This also brought the mountain, called "Ben Thomas", after the first Heatlie, into the farm.

In 1945, Charlie Hugo Heatlie donated a piece of land, part of what is "Brewels Kloof" on the old map, on which to establish the "Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden", that needed to move from its previous location of Whitehill, near Matjiesfontein[21][22][23].

Research Notes

Triangulated Lots: Name, code, numbers

On the maps of 1880-1900, and the grant diagrams, the triangulated lots have various different identifyers:

  1. A name, sometimes just "Lot+roman number", sometimes no name
  2. An indicator of the form "Tul[bagh] Q 2.5", or later "Worc[ester] Q a.b", of even "Tul & Worc Q .."
  3. The letter 'Q' is probably short for 'Quitrent', and (rarely) we see F, or OSF for a freehold lot.
  4. With the previous ID there is always a "fo[lio?]" + number, not always in the same sequence(?)
  5. It seems that later, the 'Q' is kept, without the dual x.y label, but large 'fo' numbers
  6. Grant diagrams have an additional 'farm number', and another number

What is the historical significance of these identifyers, numbers, names? The identifyer for Zeekoegat, "Tul Q 2 5", "fo 32", suggests that is one of the early ones in the area. Near Tulbagh, the identifyers are often "Tul Q 1 x". According to this numbering, the farms in the Hex River valley were later. The neighbouring Lot of Tweefontein is "Tul Q 2 1", "fo 28", and was earlier, likely the first in the area. Nonna is "Tul Q 2 2", "fo 29". Conclusion: we need information about those early times that these grants were first given out, or settlers first claimed these lands.

Below is a list of Land Lot names and numbers covering the likely earliest land grants in the Land van Waveren, Roodezand, Breede River valley, and Hex River valley.

  1. Tul.Q.1.any
  2. Tul.Q.2.1-30 or fo[lder] number up to 50 or known early farms in the Hex River valley

This assumes that all the higher numbers came later, and were not related to some other systemic ordening of land lots.

  • T.Q.1.1 in Drostdy
  • T.Q.1.2 in Drostdy
  • Tul.Q.1.4 fo 4. Kruis Vallei between Drostdy and Tulbagh village
  • Tul.Q.1.5 fo 6. Molenaars Drift between Groon/Klein Berg Rivier
  • Tul.Q.1.6 fo 8. Twee Jonge Gezellen near Drostdy
  • Tul.Q.1.7 fo 7. Aan de Kleine Berg Rivier near Drostdy
  • Tul.Q.1.8 fo 5. Straats Kerk near Drostdy
  • Tul.Q.1.11 fo 11 Verre Kyker South West of Wolseley
  • Tul.Q.1.12 fo 19 Onverwacht North East of Drostdy
  • Tul.Q.1.13 fo 22 Duivels Berg (E Wolseley)
  • Tul.Q.1.14. fo 20. Roode Zands Kloof North West of Tulbagh
  • Tul.Q.1.16 fo 13 Klip Fontein North of Drostdy
  • Tul.Q.1.17 fo18. Compagnies Post or Nooitgedacht (at Nieuwekloof pass, Tulbagh)
  • Tul.Q.1.18 fo 17 New Munster (S of Wolseley)
  • Tul&Wor.Q.1.19 fo 49 Elands Fontein (Bokkeveld, at Gydo Berg)
  • Tul.Q.1.20 fo. 14 Le Rhon West of Drostdy
  • Tul.Q.1.21 fo 24 Knolle Valley (NW of Wolseley)
  • Tul.Q.1.22 fo 27 Boontjes Rivier (NE of Wolseley)
  • Tul.Q.1.24 fo 23 Goedgevonden - Wolseley
  • Tul.Q.1.25 fo 26 Plaisant (south of Wolseley)
  • Tul.Q.1.26 fo 12. Steyn Kraal (near Drostdy)
  • Tul.Q.1.2? fo 25. Vrolykheid (north of Drostdy)
  • Tul.Q.2.1 fo 28 Tweefonteinen (Hexriver on Worcester side)
  • Tul.Q.2.2 fo 29. Nonna North of Worcester at Nonna river
  • ? Q.2.3 possibly missing here, for Roodewal/Langerug, where Worcester was founded
  • Tul.Q.2.4 fo 31. De Keur Fontein small farm near Tweefonteinen, Nonna
  • Tul.Q.2.5 fo 32 Zeekoegat along the Hex River at start of kloof towards Hexriver valley
  • Tul.Q.2.6 fo 33 Willige Rivier op Nuy rivier
  • Tul.Q.2.7. fo 34 Hartebeest Kraal by Tulbagh, tussen Klein/Groot Berg
  • Tul.Q.2.8 fo 35 Louis Klip now Bon Esperance by Tulbagh
  • Tul.Q.2.9 fo 36 Kloppers Bosch on the Nuy/Coo river
  • Tul.Q.2.10 fo 37 Klein Berg Rivier by Tulbagh
  • Tul.Q.2.11 fo 38 Boven Kloppers Bosch on the Nuy/Coo river
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.12 fo 39. Nooit Gedacht op Nonna’s rivier, Andries Veldcornet
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.14 fo 42 Oude Wagen Drift by Worcester
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.18 fo 48 Nooitgedacht Bokkeveld, at Gydo Berg
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.21 fo 51 Molen Rivier Bokkeveld, at Mollers Berg
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.29 fo 62 Halfmans Hof by village of Saron
  • Tul & Wor Q.2. ? fo 75 Vendutie Kraal in Hex River valley next to the kloof
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.31 fo 86 Norree near the later Robertson
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.33 fo 85 Middel Berg at Breede River between Nuy River, Robertson
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.34 fo 83. Papenkuils Vallei near Worcester
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.35 fo 82 Aan de Scherpe Heuvel along Breede River, east from Worcester
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.36 fo 81 Aan de Doorn Rivier north of Breede River near Worcester
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.37 fo 80 Eilandia towards Robertson on Breede River
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.38 fo 79 Hex River or Aan de Goree, near Robertson, far from Hex River(!?)
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.39 fo 78 Goree aan de Breede Rivier near Robertson
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.40 fo 77 Moordkuils Drift along Breede River near Worcester
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.41 fo 76 Aan de Hex Rivier Over Het Roode Zand (at Kanetsvlei)
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.44 fo 72 Koele Fontein near Middelberg, between Nuy river, Robertson
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.46 fo 73 Vinke Rivier next to Koele Fontein, at Vinke Rivier
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.47 fo 67 Stink Fontein North of Coo, up from De Doorns
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.48 fo 68 Ezelsjagt+Zout Rivier North of Coo, up from De Doorns
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.50 fo 70 De Doorns Hex River valley
  • Tul & Wor Q.2.51 fo 69 Buffels Kraal Hex River Valley
  • Wor Q fo 2081 Kanetsvlei in kloof of Hex River (later numbering scheme)

Remaining Uncertainties

Some care was taken to get the correct match, but some uncertainty remains:

  1. The Bruwer family of Johannes Godfriedus and his widow seems pretty certain, but there is no information when they arrived, and if there was any intermediate owner
  2. Pieter Daniel de Wet is a good guess, but may still be wrong. How to confirm him?
  3. Jacobus Stephanus de Wet is an even better guess, but also needs confirmation.

Sources

  1. ↑ Thanks for research notes about Zeekoegat and Daniel Hugo, from people related to VASSA: André, Len, Kathy, Anthony, Antonia, who helped me with further information, maps, graphs.
  2. ↑ See MOOC8/49/9.5+12
  3. ↑ See research report about the Hugo and de Vos families at Buffelskraal VASSA Journal 8 Dec 2002
  4. ↑ de Villiers & Pama, ed. 1981, "Geslagsregisters van ou Kaapse Families", vol 1, p 341, b3c5 Maria Johanna Hugo x Josia Joubert "boer at Welbedacht, Drakenstein". On the 1880-1900 map one can find a Welbedacht south of Wellington.
  5. ↑ reference RLR 16/2/247
  6. ↑ Expedition of Hendrik Swellengrebel Junior, 1776-1777
  7. ↑ Schuhmacher view of Cape of Good Hope
  8. ↑ Robert Jacob Gorden writings and drawings
  9. ↑ CA J180 .. ?
  10. ↑ CA MOOC 7/1/31 page 80
  11. ↑ Slavery at the Cape, the 1816 Slave Registers, and how to find relevant images at Familysearch.org Slave Owners and Slaves in South Africa
  12. ↑ Tulbagh Slave Register, Ledger W, folder 35, for Christiaan Pieter de Wit, and since 30th March 1817, his widow Johanna Christina de Kok
  13. ↑ [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C91Q-M8JD?cc=2739063&cat=543577 Tulbagh Slave Register, Ledger W, folder 36, for Christiaan Pieter de Wit, and since 30th March 1817, his widow Johanna Christina de Kok
  14. ↑ Swellendam Slave Register, Ledger B, folio 18, for Johannes Godfriedus Bruwer, image at Familysearch.org
  15. ↑ Tulbagh Slave Register, Ledger B, folio 108, Johannes Petrus Bruwer Senior, image at Familysearch.org
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 p. 29, p.30 of Space:C.H. Heatlie: The first three generations of Heatlies in South Africa
  17. ↑ Brewelskloof hospital for Tuberculosis, Worcester
  18. ↑ Pieter Daniel at "Orange Grove" near Robertson
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Space:C.H. Heatlie: The first three generations of Heatlies in South Africa
  20. ↑ web page from Zandvliet wine estate
  21. ↑ wikipedia: Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden
  22. ↑ Garden history: from Whitehill to Worcester
  23. ↑ SANBI.org: Karoo-Destert garden history




Images: 7
Map of Zeekoegat, Hazekraal, Kanetvlei, Vendutiekraal, along the Hexriver
Map of Zeekoegat, Hazekraal, Kanetvlei, Vendutiekraal, along the Hexriver
14_Worcester_Southern_Districts_1880_1900
14_Worcester_Southern_Districts_1880_1900
15_Robertson_Southern_Districts_1880-1900
15_Robertson_Southern_Districts_1880-1900
Zeekoegat grant, measured out 1817
Zeekoegat grant, measured out 1817
1863 diagram of a part of Zeekoegat
1863 diagram of a part of Zeekoegat
view all
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Categories: Tulbagh District, Dutch Cape Colony | Slaves at Cape of Good Hope