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Hall County, Texas

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History/Timeline

1700 - Apaches were pushed out of the region by the Comanches,
1773-74 Red River Wars - Comanches ruled here until the they were defeated in the wars. Then removed to Indian Territory in 1875–76.[1]
1876 Texas legislature formed Hall County from Bexar and Young Counties, 1876. With the Comanches removed from the scene, buffalo hunters moved across the plains, and between
1877 and 1882 the buffalo in Hall County were exterminated. The Rath Trail, from Fort Griffin to Adobe Walls, Texas (Hansford), and then to Dodge City, Kansas, passed through Hall County and was used by buffalo hunters. [1]
1870's and 1880's - large ranching operations moved into the area
1876 Charles Goodnight and John Adair established the huge JA Ranch, headquartered in Armstrong County and extended into several surrounding counties, including Hall. The western part of the county, north of the Red River, was considered to be a part of the main JA Ranch until 1900's twentieth century.[1]
1878 Leigh R. Dyer established the Lazy F Ranch in E Briscoe and W Hall counties. [1]
1879 - 1882 -Charles Goodnight had taken this range, operated as the Quitaque Ranch of the JA. [1]
1879 Diamond Tail Ranch of William R. Curtis spread over NE Hall County, and extended into Donley, Childress, and Collingsworth counties.[1]
1891, Thomas S. Bugbee and L. G. Coleman's Shoe Bar Ranch( E of JA holdings became Shoe BAR.[1]
1885 Orville H. Nelson started a small (20-section) ranch called the Bar 96 for Hereford cattle. [1]
1887 and 1888 Fort Worth and Denver City Railway reached Hall County, and Denver, Texas and Gulf,from Denver to Texline, then southward.
Late 1880s Hall County was on major regional railroad and Hall County changed to a farming area. [1]
1888 Continental Land and Cattle Company brought its Mill Iron Ranch to Hall County covered S Hall County (E of the Quitaque Ranch) and Childress, Motley, Collingsworth, and Cottle counties. [1]
1890, 79 ranches and farms had been established in the county with 703 population and 17 acres planted in corn. Large ranches were parceled out to settlers for farms or stock farms. [1]
1890's Land promoters also brought in settlers The growing population led residents to debate county organization in 1889.
June 17 1890 hotly fought election for county Seat. Salisbury, the county's oldest town and only railroad stop, fought with Lakeview, near the center of the county, and Memphis, a new town on the railroad, for the honor and economic benefits of being county seat. [1]
June 23, 1890 Memphis won the election and was named county seat Salisbury vanished by 1893, and Lakeview remained a small trade center with little chance to grow. Construction of the railroad and county organization made Hall County more attractive to settle.
1895-1905 The Diamond Tail sold its land piecemeal [1]
1900 the county had 219 ranches and farms, ( 718,876 acres). Cattle industry continued to dominate the local economy; crop farming began (82,500 cattle and 1,013 planted in corn with 891 acres in cotton).[1]
1900-1905, Bar 96 sold its land slowly
1906 JA began selling Lazy F acreage
1907-08 Shoe Bar sold out to Swift and Company in 1907 quickly sold to settlers in 1908.
Mill Iron Ranch held out during this land rush.
1910 reported (1,028 farms and ranches with 11,000 corn, 15,500 peach fruit trees, cotton on 52,000 acres).
1920's US 287 A road system also evolved
Great Depression of 1930's .Tillable land in the county was sold by the 1920s. Cotton production increased, cattle ranching declined; (18,804 cattle were counted in Hall County in 1910, and only 18,804 in 1920. Land suited to ranching continued as small ranches or stock farms. [1]
Great Depression county lost more than a 1/3 of its farms between 1930 and 1940; by the latter year, only 1,118 farms remained. Civilian Conservation Corps worked on a soil-erosion project in the county during the depression, population of the county dropped to 12,117 by 1940. [1]
1930- 1940's dust-blown farmers left the land and moved on. [1]
1940 Mill Iron, which retained 200 sections was only sizable ranch in the county. Population grew, farms as the number of farms increased. [1]
1940s a comprehensive system of roads and highways crossed the county.
Post World War II mechanization of agriculture pushed more farmers off the land.
1980's farms and population continued to decline.[1]
The reminders are decaying, vacant farmhouses that dotted the rural landscape.

Government Offices

Hall county has had 2 courthouses, 1892 and 1923.[2]

1st Courthouse, 1892 [2]
1892 courthouse, postcard image 1900 .


2nd to present Courthouse, 1923 [2]
1923 Courthouse.


Geography

North Central Plains is bounded by the Caprock Escarpment in the Panhandle. The Caprock is higher in elevation than the rest of the North Central Plains. Over the ages the creeks and rivers run-off of water wears the region down to the river. This is known as the Breaks.

'.

The Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. The panhandle is a rectangular area bordered by New Mexico to the west and Oklahoma to the north and east. According to the Panhandle Regional Planning Commission, the following counties constitute the Texas Panhandle:

Armstrong County, Briscoe County, Carson County, Castro County, Childress County, Collingsworth County, Dallam County, Deaf Smith County, Donley County, Hansford County, Hemphill County, Hutchinson County, Lipscomb County, Moore County, Ochiltree County, Oldham County, Parmer County, Potter County, Randall County, Roberts County, Sherman County, Swisher County, Wheeler County

Hall County was named for Warren D. C. Hall, Republic of Texas secretary of war. [1]

The center point of the county is at 34°30' north latitude and 100°40' west longitude.
Memphis, the county seat, is on U.S. Highway 287, 90 miles SE of Amarillo.
Size 885 square miles of rolling plains and broken terrain crossed by the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River, the Little Red River, and numerous lesser tributaries.

Soil red and black sandy loam soils support grasses in the rougher areas, and cotton, wheat, and grain sorghum crops in the tillable areas.

Rivers/credks-- Prairie Dog Town Fork flows E across the central part of the county. The Little Red River joins it near the center of the county. The North Pease River briefly meanders into the southern part of the county, where the Wind River, Cottonwood Creek, T-Bar Canyon Creek, and Running Water Creek flow into it. Mulberry Creek begins in Donley County and joins the Prairie Dog Town Fork in the W part of Hall County. Mountain Creek, Rustlers Creek, and North Baylor Creek form in E Hall County and flow into the Prairie Dog Town Fork in Childress County.
Elevation 1,750 to 2,400 feet above sea level.
Growing season averages 213 days a year.
Temperature is 28° F in January, and the average maximum is 98° in July.
Adjacent counties
  • Donley County (north)
  • Collingsworth County (northeast)
  • Childress County (east)
  • Cottle County (southeast)
  • Motley County (south)
  • Briscoe County (west)
Protected areas

Red River

Demographics

In 2000, there were 3,782 people, 1,548 households, and 1,013 families residing in the county.with a population density of 4 people/sq mi. The racial makeup of the county was 71.97% White, 8.22% Black or African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 17.90% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 27.50% of the population were Hispanic. [3]

The median income for a household in the county was $23,016, and the median income for a family was $27,325. Males had a median income of $22,167 versus $19,050 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,210. About 21.60% of families and 26.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.80% of those under age 18 and 16.30% of those age 65 or over.[3]

Memorial.

Education

Hall County is served by these districts:
.[3]
  • Memphis Independent School District
  • Turkey-Quitaque Independent School District
  • Childress Independent School District (partial)

Highways

U.S. Highway 287
Texas State Highway 70
Texas State Highway 86
Texas State Highway 256
Towns
  • Memphis (county seat)
  • Turkey
  • Estelline
  • Lakeview

Formed From

  • Bexar Territory
  • Young County

Resources

Red River

Census
1880 --- 36 —
1890 --- 703 1,852.8%
1900 --- 1,660 136.1%
1910 --- 8,279 398.7%
1920 --- 11,137 34.5%
1930 --- 16,966 52.3%
1940 --- 12,117 −28.6%
1950 --- 10,930 −9.8%
1960 --- 7,322 −33.0%
1970 --- 6,015 −17.9%
1980 --- 5,594 −7.0%
1990 --- 3,905 −30.2%
2000 --- 3,782 −3.1%
2010 --- 3,353 −11.3%
Est. 2015 --- 3,138 −6.4%

Notables

John Richard Fowler, Memphis, Texas, pharmacist and political figure
William Mac Thornberry, U.S. Representative
Daniel I.J. Thornton, governor of Colorado
Bob Wills, musician
  • At one time, the JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair, which reached into six counties, held acreage in Hall County. Minnie Lou Bradley, matriarch of the Bradley 3 Ranch in nearby Childress County, claims a Hall County address.[3]
Land Grants
Cemeteries


Sources

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hch02
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasPanhandleTowns/MemphisTexas/Hall-County-Courthouse-Memphis-Texas.htm
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_County,_Texas






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