George Perkins Marsh LL.D. (1801 - 1882)

Born 15 Mar 1801 in Woodstock, Windsor, Vermont, United States

Ancestors

Husband of Harriet (Buell) Marsh — married 10 Apr 1828 in Burlington, Chittenden, Vermont,

Died 23 Jul 1882 at age 81 in Vallombrosa, Reggello, Firenze, Toscana, Italia

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George Marsh LL.D. is Notable.

Biography

George Perkins Marsh, son of Charles Marsh and Susan Perkins, was born on March 15, 1801 in Vermont. A collection of family records, with biographical sketches, and other memoranda of various families and individuals bearing the name Douglas, or allied to families of that name, by Douglas, Charles Henry James, 1856-1931 ^[1]

He graduated from Dartmouth in 1820, and was admitted to the bar in 1825.

He married Harriet Buell in Burlington, Vermont on April 10, 1828. After her death in 1833, he married Caroline Crain of Berkely, Massachusetts.

He was appointed US Minister to Turin in 1862, then Sardinia in 1865, and finally, after the unification of Italy, Minister to Italy.

He died in Valombrosa, Italy on July 23, 1882.

Facts

NAME
George Perkins Marsh ^{[2] [3]}
Geo P. Marsh ^{[4] [5]}
George P. Marsh ^[6]

SEX
Male

BIRTH
ABT 1801; Vermont, United States ^[5]
15 MAR 1801 ^{[2] [7]}
ABT 1802; Vermont, United States ^[4]

DEATH
23 JUL 1882; Vallombrosa, Italy

OCCUPATION
1850; Ambas. to Turkey - Lawyer ^[4]
1860; Attorney ^[5]

RESIDENCE
1850; Burlington, Chittenden, Vermont, United States ^[4]
1860; Burlington, Chittenden, Vermont, United States ^[5]

FAMILY
Husband
George Perkins Marsh
Wife
Harriet Buell
Marriage
10 APR 1828; Burlington, Chittenden, Republic of Vermont ^[2]

Research Notes

rom "History of the Buell family in England : from the remotest times ascertainable from our ancient histories, and in America," p. 220,

"George Perkins Marsh, fourth child of Hon. Charles Perkins Marsh, fourth child of Hon. Charles Marsh, LL.D., of Litchfield, Conn. He graduated at Dartmouth College 1820, and was a lawyer. George Perkins Marsh married secondly Caroline Crain, of Berkely, Mass. He was United States Minister to Turin in 1862.

"...

"In February, 1865, George Perkins Marsh was United States Minister to Sardinia. In 1866 he was Minister to Italy, and resided at Florence, in Italy."

From "Vermont Men, 1894,"

"Marsh, George Perkins.?Son of Congressman Charles Marsh and grandson of the Lieutenant-Governor, a lawyer, congressman, diplomat, philologist and of world-wide fame as an author and scholar, was perhaps the most broadly accomplished man the state ever produced. He was born March 15, 1801, graduated at Dartmouth in 1820, studied law in his father's office, was admitted to the bar in 1825, and settled at Burlington, speedily acquiring an extensive practice. But he divided his time between law, literature and politics, and, in 1835, he was a member of the Governor's council. In 1842 he was elected representative to Congress and three times re-elected, until, in 1849, President Taylor appointed him minister to Turkey. The time and the situation were such as to give him opportunity, which he improved to the utmost, to render important service to the cause of civil and religious toleration in the Turkish empire. The marked improvement of the system of the Porte in this respect in the past forty years may truly be said to be due to Mr. Marsh more than any other one man. He was also charged in 1852 with a special mission to Greece, which he filled with added reputation. On the change of administration, however, in 1853, he was relieved, and returning to Vermont, he was appointed one of the commissioners to rebuild the present state house in Montpelier, and, in 1857, he was appointed railroad commissioner, serving two years. In 1857, also by the appointment of Governor Fletcher, he made a valuable and exhaustive report on the artificial propagation of fish, laying the foundation for much of the work that has been done since. In 1861 President Lincoln appointed him minister to Italy, and he held the position, being the patriarch of American diplomacy, twenty-one years, until his death, in Valombrosa, not far from Florence, July 23, 1882.

"During his residence abroad he travelled extensively in the East and in Europe, passing some time in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, where he has long been recognized as a leading Scandinavian scholar. His published works include a 'Compendious Grammar of the Old Northern or Icelandic Language,' compiled and translated from the Grammar Rask (Burlington, 1838); 'The Camel, His Organization, Habits and Uses, considered with reference to his introduction into the United States' (Boston, 1856); and 'Lectures on the English Language' (New York, [p.151] 1860); originally delivered in 1859 in the post-graduate course of Columbia College, New York, in which he ?aimed to excite a more general interest among educated men and women in the history and essential character of their native tongue, and to recommend the study of the English language in its earlier literary monuments rather than through the medium of grammars and linguistic treatises.

"He never tired in delving in the languages and literature of the North of Europe, and his sympathies appear to be with the Goths, whose presence he traces in whatever is great and peculiar in the character of the founders of New England. In a work entitled 'The Goths in New England,' he has contrasted the Gothic and Roman characters, which he appears to regard as the great antagonistic principles of society at the present day. He was also the author of various essays, literary and historical, relating to the Goths and their connection with America.

"Still another of his works, and one of great merit, was 'Man and Nature,' first published in 1864, and largely re-written and republished in 1874 under the title: 'The Earth as Modified by Human Action.' He was collaborator in the preparation of the dictionary of the English language, issued under the auspices of the London Philological Society. And his miscellaneous published addresses and speeches are quite numerous. Henry Swan Dana says he 'was a truly learned man, in the variety and thoroughness of his acquisitions, in all departments of human knowledge being almost without a peer in the world.' His library, one of the finest in the country, rich beyond compare in Scandinavian literature, he presented to the University of Vermont, of whose corporation he was chosen a member, in 1844.

"Mr. Marsh was twice married. His first wife, who lived but a few years after the marriage, was Harriet, daughter of Ozias Buell, of Burlington. The second, whom he wedded Dec. 1, 1816 [sic], was Caroline Crane, of Berkeley, Mass., a woman of literary power and an author of some reputation. Her published productions are: 'The Hallig; or, the Sheepfold in the Waters,' translated from the German of Biernatzki, with a biographical sketch of the author (Boston, 1857); and 'Wolfe of the Knoll, and Other Poems' (New York, 1860).

"There were two children by the first wife: Charles, who died in childhood, and George Ozias, a promising New York lawyer, who died when only thirty-three."George Marsh's life is well documented by the books, "Life and Letters of George Perkins Marsh." by Caroline (Crane) Marsh, and in "George Perkins Marsh: Prophet of Conservation," by David Lowenthal.

From ""Life and Letters of George Perkins Marsh,"

"George Perkins Marsh was the second son, by a second marriage, of the Hon. Charles Marsh, of Woodstock, Vt. Charles Marsh was the son of Joseph Marsh, whose ancestor, John Marsh, of good old English lineage, had emigrated from the mother country to Massachusetts in 1633."

"...

"In the autumn of 1839, Mr. Marsh married Caroline Crane, daughter of Mr. Benjamin Crane, of Berkley, Mass. ..."

From "Sketches of the Alumni of Dartmouth College: From the First Graduation in 1771 to the Present, "by George Thomas, p. 202,

"Geroge Perkins Marsh, A. M.-LL. D. the son of the Hon. Charles, D. C. 1786, and Susan (Perkins) Arnold Marsh, was born at Woodstock, Vt, Mar. 15, 1801. He read law and went into practice at Burlington, Vt, his present home; represented it in the Vt Leg. in 1835; also represented his district in Congress from 1842 to 1849; was that year appointed resident minister to Turkey in Europe, including a special mission to Greece in 1852, and having done good service in both realms, returned to the U. S. in 1856; was also sent as resident minister to Sardinia, Europe, in 1861. He has become well versed in the languages and literature of the north of that continent; has published an Icelandic Grammar, 'The Goths in New England,' and several essays pertaining to their literature and history; also a work on the camel, and another on the English Language, so that he may well be ranked among the first scholars and writers out country has produced. He is a Fellow of several learned societies, while Harv. Univ. and the College at Newark, Del. gave him the Hon. degree in 1859, and Dart. in 1860."

From the "New Hampshire Sentinel," March 28, 1861,

"Official Appointments.

"We give below a list of diplomatic appointments, nearly all of which have been confirmed, with the salaries annexed. ...

"George P. Marsh of Vermont, to Sardinia, $12,000."

From the "Daily Evening Bulletin," April 30, 1883,

"Some time ago it was announced that he [Frederick Billings] had bought the library of the late George P. Marsh, one of the best English scholars which this country has produced, for the purpose of presenting it to the Vermont University, of which institution Mr. Billings is a graduate. That library consisted of about 11,000 volumes, and is said to be the best private library for philological purposes ever collected by any private citizen in this country."

For more information on George Perkins Marsh, see

Historical Dictionary of New England. By Peter C. Holloran. Historical Dictionaries of Cities, States, and Regions, no. 13. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2003. (HisDcNE)

A Dictionary of Biography, Past and Present. Containing the chief events in the lives of eminent persons of all ages and nations. Edited by Benjamin Vincent. London: Ward, Lock, & Co., 1877. (DcBiPP)

All Possible Worlds. A history of geographical ideas. Fourth edition. By Geoffrey J. Martin. Entries begin on page 539. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. (AllPW)

Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature. British and American authors living and deceased from the earliest accounts to the latter half of the Nineteenth Century. Three volumes. By S. Austin Allibone. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1858-1871. (Alli)

Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature: A Supplement. British and American authors. Two volumes. By John Foster Kirk. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1891. (Alli SUP)

American Authors, 1600-1900. A biographical dictionary of American literature. Edited by Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1938. (AmAu)

American Authors and Books. 1640 to the present day. Third revised edition. By W.J. Burke and Will D. Howe. Revised by Irving Weiss and Anne Weiss. New York: Crown Publishers, 1972. (AmAu&B)

American Biographies. By Wheeler Preston. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1940. (AmBi)

American Environmental Leaders. From colonial times to the present. Two volumes. By Anne Becher. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2000. (AmEnL) Biography contains portrait.

American National Biography. 24 volumes. Edited by John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. (AmNatBi)

Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Six volumes. Edited by James Grant Wilson and John Fiske. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888- 1889. (ApCAB)

Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature. First edition. Edited by George Perkins, Barbara Perkins, and Phillip Leininger. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. (BenetAL)

T he Bibliophile Dictionary. A biographical record of the great authors, with bibliographical notices of their principal works from the beginning of history. Originally published as Volumes 29 and 30 of The Bibliophile Library of Literature, Art, and Rare Manuscripts. Compiled and arranged by Nathan Haskell Dole, Forrest Morgan, and Caroline Ticknor. New York: International Bibliophile Society, 1904. (BbD)

Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States. During its first century; from original and official sources. By Charles Lanman. Washington, DC: James Anglim, 1876. (BiAUS)

Biographical Dictionary of American and Canadian Naturalists and Environmentalists. Edited by Keir B. Sterling, Richard P. Harmond, George A. Cevasco, and Lorne F. Hammond. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997. (BiDAmCa)

Biographical Dictionary of American Science. The seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. By Clark A. Elliott. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1979. (BiDAmS)

Biographical Dictionary and Synopsis of Books Ancient and Modern. Edited by Charles Dudley Warner. Akron, OH: Werner Co., 1902. (BiD&SB)

Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1971. The Continental Congress (September 5, 1774 to October 21, 1788) and the Congress of the United States (from the first through the ninety- first Congress March 4, 1789, to January 3, 1971, inclusive). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971. Biographies begin on page 487. (BiDrAC)

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-1989. The Continental Congress, September 5, 1774 to October 21, 1788 and the Congress of the United States from the first through the one hundredth Congresses, March 4, 1789, to January 3, 1989, inclusive. Bicentennial Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989. Biographies begin on page 507. (BiDrUSC)

Biographical Index to American Science. The seventeenth century to 1920. Compiled by Clark A. Elliott. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990. (BiInAmS)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 3: September, 1952-August, 1955. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1956. (BioIn 3)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 5: September, 1958-August, 1961. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1962. (BioIn 5)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 7: September, 1964-August, 1967. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1968. (BioIn 7)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 8: September, 1967-August, 1970. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1971. (BioIn 8)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 9: September, 1970-August, 1973. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1974. (BioIn 9)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 10: September, 1973-August, 1976. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1977. (BioIn 10)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 11: September, 1976-August, 1979. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1980. (BioIn 11)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 12: September, 1979-August, 1982. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1983. (BioIn 12)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 14: September, 1984-August, 1986. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1986. (BioIn 14)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 15: September, 1986-August, 1988. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1988. (BioIn 15)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 16: September, 1988-August, 1990. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1990. (BioIn 16)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 17: September, 1990-August, 1992. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1992. (BioIn 17)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 18: September, 1992-August, 1993. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1993. (BioIn 18)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 23: September, 1997-August 1998. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1998. (BioIn 23)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 26: September, 2000-August, 2001. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 2001. (BioIn 26)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 27: September, 2001-August, 2002. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 2002. (BioIn 27)

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Volume 31: September, 2005-August, 2006. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 2006. (BioIn 31)

The Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography. Edited by John S. Bowman. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995. (CamDcAB)

Chambers Biographical Dictionary. Sixth edition. Edited by Melanie Parry. New York: Larousse Kingfisher Chambers, 1997. (ChamBiD)

Cyclopaedia of American Literature. Embracing personal and critical notices of authors, and selections from their writings, from the earliest period to the present day; with portraits, autographs, and other illustrations. Volume 2. By Evert A. Duyckinck and George L. Duyckinck. Philadelphia: William Rutter & Co., 1875. Use the Index in Volume 2 to locate biographies. (CyAL 2)

A Dictionary of American Authors. Fifth edition, revised and enlarged. By Oscar Fay Adams. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1904. Biographies are found in the 'Dictionary of American Authors' section which begins on page 1 and in the 'Supplement' which begins on page 441. (DcAmAu)

Dictionary of American Biography. Volumes 1-20. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1928-1936. (DcAmB)

Dictionary of American Diplomatic History. First edition. By John E. Findling. New York: Greenwood Press, 1980. (DcAmDH 1)

Dictionary of American Diplomatic History. Second edition. By John E. Findling. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989. (DcAmDH 2)

Dictionary of Literary Biography. Volume 1: The American Renaissance in New England. Edited by Joel Myerson. Detroit: Gale Research, 1978. (DcLB 1)

Dictionary of Literary Biography. Volume 64: American Literary Critics and Scholars, 1850-1880. Edited by John W. Rathbun and Monica M. Grecu. Detroit: Gale Research, 1988. (DcLB 64) Biography contains portrait.

Dictionary of Literary Biography. Volume 243: The American Renaissance in New England. Fourth Series. Edited by Wesley T. Mott. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. (DcLB 243) Biography contains portrait.

A Dictionary of North American Authors Deceased before 1950. Compiled by W. Stewart Wallace. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1951. (DcNAA)

Drake's Dictionary of American Biography. Including men of the time, containing nearly 10,000 notices of persons of both sexes, of native and foreign birth, who have been remarkable, or prominently connected with the arts, sciences, literature, politics, or history, of the American continent. By Francis S. Drake. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1872. (Drake)

Encyclopedia of American Agricultural History. By Edward L. Schapsmeier and Frederick H. Schapsmeier. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1975. (EncAAH)

Encyclopedia of American Biography. Edited by John A. Garraty. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1974. (EncAB-H 1974)

Encyclopedia of American Biography. Edited by John A. Garraty and Jerome L. Sternstein. New York: HarperCollins, 1996. (EncAB-H 1996)

Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. By John Mongillo and Linda Zierdt-Warshaw. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 2000. (EncEnvSci)

Encyclopedia of World Biography. Second edition supplement. Volume 21. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. First edition published as The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography with six supplement volumes published as Encyclopedia of World Biography: 20th Century Supplement. (EncWB 2-21) Biography contains portrait.

Environmental Encyclopedia. First edition. Detroit: Gale Research, 1994. (EnvEnc 1)

Environmental Literature. An encyclopedia of works, authors, and themes. By Patricia D. Netzley. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1999. (EnvLit)

Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History: From 458 A.D. to 1915. New edition entirely revised and enlarged. 10 volumes. By Benson John Lossing. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1915. (HarEnUS)

The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003. (HouMifDB)

Index to Scientists of the World from Ancient to Modern Times. Biographies and portraits. By Norma Olin Ireland. Boston: F.W. Faxon Co., 1962. (InSci)

The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Volume 2. New York: James T. White & Co., 1891. Use the Index to locate biographies. (NatCAB 2)

National Leaders of American Conservation. Edited by Richard H. Stroud. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985. (NatLAC)

The Oxford Companion to American History. By Thomas H. Johnson. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966. (OxCAmH)

The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Fourth edition. By James D. Hart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965. (OxCAmL 4)

The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Fifth edition. By James D. Hart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. (OxCAmL 5)

The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Sixth edition. By James D. Hart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. (OxCAmL 6)

The Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature. By Max J. Herzberg. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1962. (REnAL)

The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Brief biographies of authors, administrators, clergymen, commanders, editors, engineers, jurists, merchants, officials, philanthropists, scientists, statesmen, and others who are making American history. 10 volumes. Edited by Rossiter Johnson. Boston: The Biographical Society, 1904. (TwCBDA)

Webster's American Biographies. 1974 edition. Edited by Charles Van Doren. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1974. (WebAB 1974)

Webster's American Biographies. 1979 edition. Edited by Charles Van Doren. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1979. (WebAB 1979)

Who Was Who in America. A component volume of Who's Who in American History. Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Revised Edition. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1967. (WhAm HS)

Who Was Who in American Politics. A biographical dictionary of over 4,000 men and women who contributed to the United States political scene from colonial days up to and including the immediate past. By Dan and Inez Morris. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1974. (WhAmP)

Who Was Who in the Civil War. By Stewart Sifakis. New York: Facts on File, 1988. (WhCiWar)

See also the Wikipedia article on Charles Perkins Marsh.

• American diplomat and conservationist - considered to be America's 1st environmentalist.^[8]
• 15th United States Ambassador to Italy, appointed by Pres. Abraham Lincoln^[8][9][10]
• s/o Charles Marsh (US House of Rep.) & Susan^[11]
• 1839 m (2nd) Caroline Crane^[8]
• 1843 elected to Congress as a Representative of Vermont^[10][9]
• 1849 Appointed by Pres. Taylor to the Ottoman Empire as US minister resident^{[8] [10][9]}
• 1852 special mission to Greece^[8][10][9]
• Man and Nature (1864)
• "George P. Marsh, the American minister, died suddenly at Vallambrosa on Monday. The Italian government has expressed its deep sympathy with the widow and has telegraphed to Washington an expression of the sympathy of the Italian nation."^[12]
• Buried at the Protestant Cemetery in Rome^[8][13] aka Campo Cestio^[14] aka the English Cemetery^[9][10]
• Marsh-Billings-Rochester National Historic Park, Vermont^[15]

Sources

1. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/collectionoffami00doug#page/118/mode/2up
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2} Source: Title: "History of the Buell family in England" , Page: p. 220 , Repository name: www.ancestry.com
3. ↑ Source: Title: "Life and Letters of George Perkins Marsh" , Page: p. 23 , Author: Caroline (Crane) Marsh , Repository name: books.google.com
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3} Source: Title: "1850 Census" , Page: Vermont, Burlington, Chittenden Co., Roll M432_923, p. 337 , Repository name: www.ancestry.com
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3} Source: Title: "1860 Census" , Page: Vermont, Burlington, Chittended Co., Roll M653_1319, p. 121 , Repository name: www.ancestry.com
6. ↑ Source: Title: "One Bassett Family in America" , Page: p. 181 , Author: Buell B. Bassette , Publication: Name: Name: The F. A. Bassette Company, Springfield, Mass., 1926;; , Repository name: CD-ROM PDF version of the book.
7. ↑ Source: Title: "Life and Letters of George Perkins Marsh" , Page: p. 4 , Author: Caroline (Crane) Marsh , Repository name: books.google.com
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5} Wikipedia: George Perkins Marsh, accessed 27 May 2017
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4} Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress: MARSH, George Perkins
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4} US House of Representatives: MARSH, George Perkins
11. ↑ George Perkins Marsh: a Founder of Forestry, retrieved 27 May 2017
12. ↑ "Personal." Lancaster Daily Intelligencer (Lancaster, PA). 25 July 1882. p2, col 3. Chronicling America (web). Retrieved 27 May 2017.
13. ↑ Wikipedia: Protestant Cemetery, Rome, accessed 27 May 2017
14. ↑ Find A Grave: Memorial #11621123, with photo, accessed 27 May 2017
15. ↑ NPS.gov: George Perkins Marsh, accessed 27 May 2017

• The Online Books Page: Online Books by George P. Marsh

• George Perkins Marsh: a Founder of Forestry

• George Perkins Marsh Wrote Man and Nature and Argued for Conservation

• Encyclopedia.com: George Perkins Marsh

• White, Micah. "The Men Who Embraced Mother Earth." Biography. 22 Apr 2014. Biography.com (web). Retrieved 27 May 2017.

• William Arba Ellis, ed., Norwich University, 1819-1911: Her History, Her Graduates, Her Roll of Honor (Montpelier, Vermont: The Capital City Press, 1911), 2:43.

Photo of family: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/dag/item/2004664023/

Another photo: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/dag/item/2004664024/