Francis Howard Greenway (1777 - 1837)

Born 20 Nov 1777 in Mangotsfield, Gloucestershire, England

Husband of Mary (Moore) Greenway — married 27 Apr 1809 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England

Descendants

Died 25 Sep 1837 at age 59 in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

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Francis Howard Greenway was an architect who was transported to Australia for the crime of forgery. In New South Wales he worked for the Governor, Lachlan Macquarie, as Australia's first government architect. He became widely known for his work displayed in buildings such as St Matthew's Church in Windsor, New South Wales, St James' Church, Sydney and Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney.

Biography

Francis Greenway is Notable.

Francis Greenway was a convict after the Third Fleet.

Crime - ^[1]Forgery

Convicted at - Bristol Session of Peace, Oyez and Terminer and Gaol Delivery

Sentence term - 14 years

Ship - General Hewett

Departure date - August, 1813

Arrival date - 7th February, 1814

Place of arrival - New South Wales

Passenger manifest - Travelled with 300 other convicts

Francis Howard Greenway was born at Mangotsfield, Gloucestershire. He was baptised Francis on 20 November 1777, the son of Francis Greenway and Ann, née Web, although he regularly described himself in adult life as Francis Howard Greenway.^[2] Generations of the Greenways had been stonemasons, builders and architects. Francis was in private practice as an architect in Bristol.

Francis Howard Greenway, architect, married Mary Moore on 27 April 1809 in Bristol by licence, witnesses John Tripp Greenway and Mary Greenway.^[3]

After his firm went bankrupt. Greenway was found guilty of forging a document. Francis was sentenced to death but the penalty was later changed to transportation for fourteen years. He was received on the Captivity hulk on 6 April 1813.^[4]

He arrived in Sydney in February 1814 in the transport General Hewitt, and was followed in July by his wife Mary, and their three children, who traveled in the Broxbornebury.

General Hewitt

Francis Greenway arrived in Sydney New South Wales on the transport General Hewitt in February 1814 to serve his sentence. He was described as an "architect & painter" in the ship's convict records which also gave his description: age 34, 5ft 6¾in, fair ruddy complexion, light hair, hazel eyes.^[5]

He brought with him letters of recommendation and his portfolio, which he sent to Governor Macquarie. He was almost immediately granted a ticket of leave.

One of Francis Greenway's design and construction, while still a convict, was the Macquarie Lighthouse on the South Head at the entrance to Port Jackson. After the success of this project he was emancipated by the Governor, Lachlan Macquarie, and in the role of Acting Civil Architect and Assistant Engineer went on to build many significant buildings in the new colony.

Some of Francis Greenway's buildings are Hyde Park Barracks and St James' Church Sydney (chosen as one of Australia's only two man-made 'treasures' by Dan Cruickshank in the BBC series Around the World in 80 Treasures). He also designed the extension and ballroom of first Government House in Sydney, the stables for first Government House and the portico over the front door of Government House Parramatta.

Macquarie accused Francis Greenway of charging high fees whilst on a government retainer, and he was dismissed by the next governor Thomas Brisbane in 1822. He continued to design buildings but with little success and although he received a grant of land he does not appear to have received the promised cattle.

In 1835, he advertised that "Francis Howard Greenway, arising from circumstances of a singular nature is induced again to solicit the patronage of his friends and the public"; in other words, he was destitute. Francis Greenway died of typhoid near Newcastle in 1837 aged 59. The exact date of his death is not known. He was buried in the Glebe Cemetery at East Maitland on 25 September 1837 but his grave is unmarked.^[6]

Australian 10 Dollar note featuring Francis Greenway

St James church Sydney

Hyde Park Barracks

^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}

Sources

1. ↑ Convict records - Francis Howard Greenway, one of 300 convicts transported on the General Hewett, August 1813
2. ↑ Bristol, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812 for Francis Greenway, Gloucestershire Mangotsfield, St James Parish Register 1775-1811 https://www.ancestry.com.au/imageviewer/collections/61666/images/engl0082d_p-m-r-1-e_m_00008?pId=365922
3. ↑ Bristol, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1935 for Francis Howard Greenway Bristol St Michael the Archangel on the Mount Without Parish Register 1802-1813 https://www.ancestry.com.au/imageviewer/collections/61686/images/engl0082d_p-st-m-r-3-c_m_00128?pId=1058440
4. ↑ UK, Prison Hulk Registers and Letter Books, 1802-1849 for Fras Howd Greenway Captivity Register 1801-1836 https://www.ancestry.com.au/imageviewer/collections/1989/images/31791_221377-00373?usePUB=true&_phsrc=Dlw5651&usePUBJs=true&pId=80902
5. ↑ New South Wales, Australia, Convict Indents, 1788-1842 for Francis Howard Greenway Bound Indentures 1801-1814 https://www.ancestry.com.au/imageviewer/collections/2024/images/32082_223754__0005-00263?usePUB=true&_phsrc=Dlw5651&usePUBJs=true&pId=30762
6. ↑ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/86580002/francis-howard-greenway : accessed 06 December 2021), memorial page for Francis Howard Greenway (20 Nov 1777–25 Sep 1837), Find a Grave Memorial ID 86580002, citing Glebe Cemetery, East Maitland, Maitland City, New South Wales, Australia ; Maintained by ProgBase (contributor 47278889) .
7. ↑ Wikipedia contributors. Francis Greenway. In Francis Greenway Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
8. ↑ Francis Greenway: convict architect, State Library New South Wales
9. ↑ Familysearch.org
10. ↑ England Marriages, 1538–1973 ," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NNXB-N4D : 10 February 2018), Francis Howard Greenway and Mary Moore, 27 Apr 1809; citing St. Michael'S, Bristol, Gloucester, England, reference it9 n20, index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City; FHL microfilm 1,849,446.
11. ↑ Morton Herman, 'Greenway, Francis (1777–1837)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, Article published first in hardcopy 1966, accessed online 4 May 2019 This article was first published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, (MUP), 1966.