Philippe (Capet) France (1268 - 1314)

Born 1268 in Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France

Ancestors

Husband of Jeanne (Navarre) de Navarre — married 16 Aug 1284 in Notre Dame De Paris,Paris,Seine,France

Descendants

Died 29 Nov 1314 at about age 46 in Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France

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Biography

King Philip I of Navarre (1284 - 1305)

King Philip IV of France (1285 - 1314)

Philippe was born in 1268 at Fontainebleau, Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Ile-de-France, France ^[1]

He was the son of Philippe Capet; Philip III of France known as le Hardi, or Philip the Bold; by his wife Isabella of Aragon ^[1]

Known as Philip Le Bel; "the Fair" or "the Handsome" from his appearance.

On 16 August 1284, at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, Philippe married Jeanne de Navarre; Queen of the Kingdom of Navarre, the daughter of King Enrique de Navarre known as "le Gros" and his Queen Blanche Artois. By this marriage he became Philippe 1st of Navarre and Count of Champagne. ^[1]

In 1285 he succeeded as Philippe IV on the death of his father. ^[1]

Beginning in 1294, Philippe tried to conquer Guyanne / Guienne from Edward Ist. of England, but in 1303 he was forced to concede. His attempts to subdue the Flemish led to the disastrous French defeat in 1302 at Courtrai. ^[2]

By the bull Clericis Laicos (1296) ^[3] Pope Boniface forbade the clergy to pay taxes to a secular power, and Philippe replied by forbidding the export of coins, thereby depriving the pope of French revenues. ^[4]

Philippe aided the Flemish towns against the count of Flanders, Guy of Dampierre, and after Guy's defeat in 1300, he imposed French rule on the Flemish. They rebelled in 1302 and defeated the French at the disastrous battle of Courtrai. (Known as the Battle of the Golden Spurs). ^[5]

In 1301 Philippe arrested the papal legate, Bishop Saisset ^[6] resulting in a quarrel with Pope Boniface VIII, who denounced the king. The king retaliated by convoking the first French Estates-General in 1302-3 to hear a justification of his actions. ^[7] This assembly, which was composed of clergy, nobles, and burghers, gave support to Philippe.

Boniface retaliated with the bull Unam Sanctam (1302); ^[8] a declaration of papal supremacy. which Philippe publically burnt. Threatened with excommunication Philippe had his partisans capture Pope Boniface who escaped but died soon afterward.

In 1305 Philippe obtained the election of Clement V, as Pope ^[9]

1305 Death of his Queen ^[1]

Pope Clement supported Philippe in his suppression of the Knights Templars and in 1307 Philip arrested Grand Master Jacques de Molay. ^[9]

In 1309 Clement transferred the papal residence to Avignon, thus beginning the Babylonian captivity of the papacy. ^[10]

In 1312 Philippe forced the pope to suppress the religious and military order. confiscating heir wealth with many members being burned at the stake. ^[9]

As a result of his financial needs, Philippe also greatly increased taxes, debased the coinage several times, and arrested the Jews and the Lombards (Italian bankers), appropriating the assets of the former and demanding large subsidies from the latter.

Philippe IV; King of France sufferered a stroke whilest hunting and died in November 1314 at Fontainebleau, and was buried 09 Dec1314 at the Basilica of Saint-Denis, Paris. ^[1]

His son, Louis succeeded him as Louis X of France. ^[1]

Issue: ^[1]

1. Louis Capet; ( 1289 – 1316), Heir and Successor as Louis X m1). 1305 Marguerite Bourgonne - Issue & m2). 1515 Klemencia Anjou of Hungary - Issue
2. Marguerite Capet (1290 –c.1294)
3. Isabelle Capet - (b. c. 1292 – 1358) m. 1308 Edward Plantagenet; Edward III of England - Issue
4. Blanche Capet b c 1292/3 - c.1294)
5. Philipe Capet (1293 - 1321) succeeded as Phillipe V in 1317 m 1307 Jeanne Bourgogne - Issue
6. Charles Capet (1294 - 1328) Succeeded 1322 as Charles IV m1). Blanche de Bourgogne & m2). Marie Luxembourg - Issue & m3). Jeanne Evreux - Issue
7. Robert Capet (1297-1307) died young at St-Germaine-en-Laye

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7} France, Capetian Kings, Philippe 'le Bel' with further inline citations
2. ↑ Wikipedia; Battle of the Golden Spurs
3. ↑ Oxford Reference, Clericus Laicus
4. ↑ New Advent, Catholic Encucçopepedia; Pope Boniface VIII
5. ↑ Wikipedia; Battle of the Golden Spurs
6. ↑ 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica; Bernard Saissey, Bishop of Pamiers
7. ↑ Daubresse,Sylvie; The Estates General and the King of France: The Imperfect Union in Centre for Intellectual History Pub: 2021
8. ↑ Papal Encyclicals Online; Unam Santam
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1 9.2} New Advent, Catholic Encyclopedia; Pope Clement V
10. ↑ New Advent, Catholic Encycloédia para. 7

See Also

Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 397.

Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry, Vol. III, p. 32.

The Royal Lineage of Our Noble and Gentle Families together with Their Paternal Ancestry, Compiled by Joseph Foster, 1885.

Cawley, Charles. Medieval Lands: A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families. Hosted online by the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (FMG), accessed 2021

généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la Couronne, de la Maison du Roy et des anciens barons du royaume, Tome Premier, par le Père Anselme de Sainte-Marie, continuée par Honoré du Fourny, ed. la compagnie des libraires (Paris) 1726-1733. Pg. 89-91

Wikipedia: Philip IV of France

Wikipedia (Fr). Philippe IV de France

Wikipedia; Jacques de Moloy, Last Grand Master of the Knights Templar.

Wikipedia; Basilica de Saint Denis

Wikipedia; Guyenne

The Peerage: Philippe IV, Roi de France