John Vautier
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John Dominque Vautier (1843 - 1912)

Mr. John Dominque Vautier
Born in Old Passyunk Township, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, USAmap
Ancestors ancestors
Son of and
Brother of , , , and
Husband of — married 6 Jan 1867 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAmap
Husband of — married 4 May 1889 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, USAmap
Husband of — married 18 Mar 1908 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, USAmap
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Died at age 68 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, USAmap
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Mr. John Vautier served in the United States Civil War.
Enlisted: September 14,1861
Mustered out: September 18, 1864
Side: USA
Regiment(s): 88th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment
Roll of Honor
Mr. John Vautier was Wounded in Action during the United States Civil War.

Contents

Biography

John Dominque Vautier was born on November 25, 1843, in old Passyunk Township, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in a long-hip roof house, situated on the south side of Passyunk Avenue, just above where the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks cross the avenue. John was the youngest son of Peter Vautier and Sarah Young, he had two brothers, Charles and William and two sisters Mary Ann and Clara and a half sister Elizabeth.

John's father Peter was the fifth child of ten children born to Dominique Vautier and Maria Lousia De Laittre. Dominique was born on January 8th, 1766, in Saint-Aubin-sur-Aire, Muese, France. He was the fourth child of seven children born to Claude and Barbe (nee Henry) Vautier. Maria Lousia De Laittre was born on December 31, 1769 in Issy-les-Molineaux, Seine, France to Charles and Marie Antoinette (nee Betin) De Laittre. Dominique and Louisa were lured to the United States by glowing, but fictitious accounts of the Ohio region, and holding fraudulent land titles innocently purchased from the Scioto Land Company they emigrated from France to the United States in 1790. This opportunity was very timely because of the storming of the Bastille which started the French Revolution. This induced a number of people, rich and poor, to apply to the land office. About six hundred prospective settlers, called "The French Five Hundred" [1] sailed from Havre de Grace to Alexandria, Virginia, where they learned the true facts of the dissolved company. While most of the immigrants went to Gallipolis, Ohio, Dominique went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with Count Joseph De Barth, [2] rumored to be kin to Napoleon and future witness to Dominique's marriage. Dominique met Louisa aboard the ship "Patriot" [3] during their passage, and on January 7th, 1793, in St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church of Philadelphia they were married. [4] [5]

John's mother Sarah Young was the fourth child of nine children born to Peter Young and Ann Morgan. Peter's father, Philip Jung married Elizabeth Scheppard March 11, 1783 at St Michael's and Zion Church, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [6]

Early Years

John grew up in an area of Philadelphia know as "the Neck". As early as the Revolutionary War the term was used to signify the area of South Philadelphia between the Delaware River and the Schuylkill River from present day Moore Street south to the marshlands, which once covered the city's extreme southern portion. This is one of the oldest sections of the city, the first settlements dating to the 1630's. Historians claim that the Dutch made the first white settlement in Philadelphia on a site along the east bank of the Schuylkill River near the present day Penrose Ferry Bridge in 1633 and erected Fort Beversrede there a few years later. The Swedes followed with several settlements along the Delaware, including Wicaco (site of the Old Swedes' Church; Swanson and Christian Streets) in 1643. None of these was of any great size however, and it remained till William Penn founded the "greene countrie towne" of Philadelphia after his arrival in 1682.

After that the colonizers of the Neck were of British descent except for a number of Hessian mercenary soldiers who deserted the British following the surrender of Cornwallis in 1781. Some of these became farmers in the Neck, especially below the present 3rd Street and Oregon Avenue. As recently as the turn of the 20th century there were marshes and dykes not far from Moore Street, east and west of Broad Street where there were numerous truck farms and piggeries. In the "old days" the "Neckies" seldom journeyed as far north as Market Street except for the farmers who had stalls in neighborhood markets. Prior to 1890 the Neck was the favorite hunting ground for reedbirds. John considered himself a "Neckie" and would hunt for "Reedies" in the marshlands.

John's earliest recollections were of attending the Baptist Church on Passyunk Avenue west of Broad Street, where his mother and father were members. As a young child John was resolved that he would join the church as soon as he was old enough. John recalls that his mother would lament that none of his brothers and sisters shared his resolve. Throughout his life John was an active member of the church serving in many capacities.

John's family were truck framers. When John was about 15 years old his work was to go to market with his mother, who had a stall at No. 84 Callowhill Market between 6th and Julianna Streets. John recalled how sleepy he was getting up between 2:00 AM and 4:00 AM to go to market, but there was no help for it. When John was home his chores were milking the cow, carrying in coal, shutting the chicken house door as well as other duties.

John describes his education as: "I was never an exceedingly bright scholar, being disposed to be indolent, though I must have been brighter than the average who went there, which isn't saying much for the other scholars. One time we had a grand spelling match in school and they were all set down on misses but Martha Vollmer and I. Mrs. Franklin gave out Republic and I spelt it with a K, and the teacher hesitated whether to set me down, but finally decided in my favor, and I finally spelt Martha out and was the champion. Apropos of my smartness (supposed), I was an omnivorous reader, and while my brothers did not take to books as I did, it gave me a reputation above them. I remember hearing a conversation between my mother and the other members of my family, and they all said I was wonderful bright. Mother and Uncle John Young thought I would be a smart man, and much more of the sort – all of which goes to prove, in the light of subsequent events, that those good people were woefully mistaken."

In 1860 John's father Peter Vautier took sick, and after an extended illness from congestion of the lungs died. John described his father as " a kind man, tall, smooth-faced, iron gray hair and 58 years old when he died. He was a good neighbor, always handy, always ready to fix a pump or any broken thing, take fire out of a burn or do a good turn for anybody."

Civil War Years

As John describes, "I now come to the most eventful and exciting part of my life, my service as a soldier in the United States Army for the war for the Union. In 1860 the muttering of war resounded thru the country, and I well recollect the excitement that the firing on Fort Sumter caused in Philadelphia. I didn't think much about the war just then, but as the war grew apace and the military spirit affected the boys and young men, I was a willing victim. I coaxed my mother to let me enlist, but she would not consent for some months. In July 1861, The Battle of Bull Run was fought, and the papers were full of the horror of the sufferings of the wounded on the battlefield. My mother gave me the paper to read, and said to me I don't think you will want to go to the war after reading all that. After I read it all, I said, Mother, now I must go, the country needs the service of every young man now, and I resumed my importance until she gave a reluctant consent. I may say here that if my mother had kept me home I should never have forgiven her, as I look upon the next three years of my life as the most important, because given to the support of the Government when support was the only thing I could give. I was little pass 17, and my mother had the right to keep me home. Having now gained permission, I cast about to get into a good company, and hearing about a company of Christian volunteers, composed of young men from various churches, I searched them out and resolved to join them. There was one company at Franklin and Buttonwood Streets N.W. corner 2nd floor, being recruited by Captain Moore, to be assigned to the Cameron Light Guard Regiment, Col. G.P. McLean. September 10, 1861, I enlisted."

For the next three years John endured the honor and glory, the suffering, and the pain of war. During this period John kept daily diaries from which he later used as notes for this book. John was wounded by shrapnel from artillery fire during the Battle of Cold Harbor. In June 1864 he was sent to an army hospital in Philadelphia, where he was able to see his family and friends. He returned to his regiment where he remained until September 18, 1864 when he was mustered out of Uncle Sam's service. [7] [8] [9]

The 88th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment
at Gettysburg - Illustration by John D. Vautier
John fought in the battles of Cedar Mountain, First Rappahannock Station, Thoroughfare Gap, Second Battle of Bull Run, Ox Hill, South Mountain, Antietam, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna, Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor. He was wounded, being hit three times at Antietam and wounded by shrapnel at Cold Harbor.
[10]

Transcript of John's Civil War Diary

Enlisting

Philadelphia, Sept. 13th 1861 - War has been declared. Our armies are marshaling for the contest. President Lincoln has called for 300,000 men to sustain his authority to protect the old Flag, & the men of the North are leaving their homes – their workshops – their Counting houses – their farms & are springing to arms. Yes war is upon us. The farmer is leaving his farm, the Clerk forsakes his pen & Ledger – the blacksmith drops his hammer – the mason leaves his masonry & the Mechanic forsakes his tools & all shoulder the rifle & step to the music of the fife & drum & parting with the loved ones at home are "off to the wars." There is great excitement up in the city and a great many men are enlisting. This evening I went up to the corner of Franklin & Buttonwood St & enrolled my name in Capt. Moore's Co of the Cameron Light Guards. I have now got home & no doubt to night I will dream of "War & rumors of wars."

Sworn In

Saturday, Sept.14th 1861 - Went up to the drill room about 10 A.M. The recruiting office is Corner of Franklin & Buttonwood & not Marshall.

Sunday, 15th - Attended Church as usual. No one knew of my enrollment.

Wednesday, 18th - This day at 10 A.M. I became one of Uncle Samuels Children. I am attached to Col. Geo. P. McLean's Regt. The 88th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. Samuel C. Lusman, (wounded, dead), Nathan White (killed) , William McLearn (disch, dead), Wm A. Danfield (deserted, dead), & Wm. Jackson (wounded, dead), were mustered in with me. Now then I am a Soldier sure enough. Not a Home Guard – but a real live Yankee Soldier. We were sworn in at 6th & Chestnut St. opposite the statehouse.

Thursday, Sept 19th - Went to prayer meeting in the evening & in my heart solemnly dedicated myself to my God & my Country. (This is the last prayer Meeting I attended for 32 months.)

Going to Camp

Saturday, Sept 21st - Went to the drill room in the morning & received orders to go to camp on the Monday following.

Sunday 22nd - Went to Church as usual. When about parting in the evening I told the folks that I am a soldier now & going to camp in the morning. They were surprised & I could hardly realize myself that I was about to make such a great & important change in my life. Uncle Charles told me how hard it would be. Told me of the hunger – the thirst & the suffering incident to a soldier's life. But my resolution is unshaken. What others can endure, I can endure – Besides someone must go. We all can't stay home. And I can be spared & no one scarcely would miss me.

Monday 23rd - Went up to the recruiting office in the morning. Found about 20 of the Co there. Formed in line & marched to the Union M.E. Church, were several kind ladies & gentlemen presented us with shirts, drawers & many little articles, useful to a Soldier as we soon found out by experience. We then marched out to Camp on the Ridge Road on the beautiful banks of the Schuylkill River.

In Camp

Tuesday, Sept 24th, 1861 - This is my first day in camp. We are delightfully situated on the banks of the River. There are some Six hundred men in Camp. Major Gile commands us. We have Company drill in the morning & Battalion drill in the afternoon. My tent mates are Corporal Gillmore & Tom Anderson. We received for rations, bread, boiled meat & Coffee.

Thursday, Sept. 26th - Stood Guard for the first time, and thought myself a capital sentinel. Had an old rusty musket with no load in it & it was dangerous for anyone to pass me without giving that magic word they call the countersign. On the N. side the camp, at the foot of a hill.

Saturday, 28th - Procured a pass & went home. Lugged my heavy old knapsack all the way home. Yes I gathered up every old tin cup & all that I could lay claim to & marched off home. Wasn't I a soldier now. And I guess I wanted people to know it too. And if I carried my trunk on my back why they would notice me. Came back in evening (I got enough of knapsacks shortly after.)

Uniformed

Sunday, Sept. 29th - Today we received pants & our outfit & no one was prouder of his blue suit than a person of about my size. Don't appear much like Sunday to me.

Monday, Sept. 30th - Today Mr. Prickett, Mr Fenner & Emma Fenner visited me. Showed them 'round Camp' & I think they were pleased with what they saw.

Good Bye

Tuesday, October 1st 1861 - Lib & Dollie visited me today. Glad to see them and anybody else who will take the trouble to step in & take a look at me. I am no great curiosity though – but then people couldn't always see me – for we will be "off to the wars" shortly.

Wednesday, 2nd - It is very hot & close. Charles visited me to day.

Thursday, 3rd - Mother, Uncle John & Aunt Louise came out to see me to day. We had a long battalion drill in the afternoon for Colonel McLean assumes command today.

Friday, 4th - Received marching orders to take effect in the morning. Procured a pass & went down home. Visited all my relations & bid them "good bye." They bid me God speed & it was a very solemn thing to say "Good bye" & probably for the last time for aught we knew. Stayed home all night.

Striking Tents at Camp Stokley

Saturday, October 5th - Went up in the morning to market with Mother – then I went down to Goodyear's and bought me a gun. I then came back, bid Mother, Aunt Louise, Aunt Ann, Oliver & the rest of the Market people 'goody bye' & proceeded out to Camp. Drew a blouse. Received orders how to strike tents. At the first tap of the base drum we prepared our tents, at the 2d tap took up the pins & the 3d tap - kerwollop – down they all came at once. Every tent on the ground in Camp. (We have A tents). We then fell in line & the head of the column were put in passenger cars, but us poor Yankees in the rear had to foot it up the dusty old road, for there were an insufficient number of cars. It was a dusty old tramp. Dust to the right of us – dust to the left of us & dust all over us, & by the time we halted, near the Pass. R. R. Dep, we were a dusty old crowd, we were. We then fell in & preceded by our Silver Cornet band of 24 pieces, we marched down the ridge, platoon front. Went down to Broad to Green to 4th to Noble to 6th to Walnut to 3d to Chestnut to 2nd to Walnut to 3rd to Washington & there partook of a substantial meal at the Refreshment Saloon. Fell in again & tramped out to the Depot & took the cars & at 9 o'clock P.M. I bid farewell to Philada. & to 2 friends who had followed me to see me off, Sister Lib & Adam Shetzline.

Baltimore

The old Engine puffed & snorted & soon the Quaker City was left behind & all it contained. (Note – Little did I think as the cars rattled light hearted me away that when I would see Philadelphia again that I would be 21 instead of 18 – and that I would have passed through a dozen scenes of frightful carnage & blood shed – and we come home sick & wounded & care worn – a Soldier by Experience & not by profession only.)

Sunday, 6th - We arrived at Baltimore at 3 A.M. Got off the cars & marched down to the depot. Embarked on some freight cars and layed there till morning. Received coffee, bread & meat from some basket fellows. The only remarkable thing I saw in Baltimore was the colored population – for in fact I didn't see much else. In the afternoon we were paraded & presented with a flag. In the afternoon we departed for the Capitol which we reached at dusk. We went into a long wooden building called the rest & rested there all night.

Washington, Camp Kendle Green

Monday, October 7th - After having breakfast of coffee, bread & boiled pork, we marched out to Kendle Green and pitched tents. Kendle Green is a common about a mile from the Capitol, and a very nice camping ground. Camp called camp Moore.

Tuesday, 8th - Rainy & Disagreeable Weather. We have no guns yet & the Officers having swords, the Colonel compelled them to stand Guard. It was awful rainy & muddy & that was nice recreation for the Officers. We the men, the rank & file – would have been very well satisfied if the Officers would stand guard all the time.

Wednesday, 9th - Still Raining, but the Officers didn't stand guard. Wrote 1 letter home.

Thursday, 10th - Nothing but rain & plenty of that.

Alexandria

Friday, Oct 11th, 1861 - Visited Washington. The Capitol is still unfinished. The vast ribs for the dome being in their places. The Capitol is built entirely of marble & has some very fine statues in the square attached. The Post Office is a splendid marble building & so is the Treasury, both unfinished & also the Patent Office. Over near the Potomac there is a tall white shaft rising some 200 feet high & resembling an immense chimney. This is the Washington Monument. The park attached is used as a cattle pen by the Government. Take the Public Buildings away from Washington and it is not worth a visit.

Saturday, 12th - Fair & Pleasant in the day time, but chilly at night. Struck tents at Kendle Green, marched through Washington & embarked on board a boat for Alexa. Reached Alexandria (which is 7 mile down the Potomac from Washington) during the night & pitched tents at Camp Moore on the outskirts the town.

Jackson's House

Sunday, October 13th - Clear Cold Weather. Rearranged our camp & in the afternoon we all went to church – the church were Washington went. It is an Episcopalian Church. Alexandria is a very ordinary looking place of about 8000 or 9000 inhabitants. A great many of the people have left & gone to hunt the "Confederacy" up. I guess they will get enough of the "Confederacy" before they are through. Scarcely a young man can be seen. The Rebs raised a battery here & called it Kemper because Kemper commanded it. Here too is the place where the "high bred Southern Ladies" turn up their noses at poor Yankee Mudsills like us, & turn down another street to avoid us. The only place of interest is the house where poor Ellsworth was killed. The staircase is almost all torn away by eager relic hunters, but as for me I was content with standing on the spot where he breathed his last & where the blood of Jackson stained the floor, & contented myself with contemplating on the great spirit who died here. And right here in this door way is the place where the infamous Jackson died too. Retribution speedily overtook him. And these are the steps where they carried Ellsworth down & this the doorway – Yes all these are sacred places. Sacred to the memory of every American.

Muskets

Monday, October 14 - Nothing of any importance is going on in camp today - So a few of us went over to Fort Ellsworth to look at things. Well we saw a big fort - some big guns & some big Yankees on guard. There are a company of Marines on duty here at Battery Dahlgren. The 26th New York Garrison part of the fort & the "Jack tars" the balance. In the evening some bloody seccesher fellow fired at one of our sentries from a house close by. No one hurt though.

Tuesday, Oct 15th - This was a great day to us green recruits. We received muskets to day & that was of great importance to us. We got genuine old smooth bore muskets, or as the "knowing ones" said – Young Cannon. But as I wasn't one of the knowing ones – why I didn't know much what breed they were. I was immensely delighted with my gun and now all I wanted was a half a dozen of real live Rebs to annihilate. Not less than a half a dozen would satisfy me.

Guarding Alexandria

Thursday, October 17th - Previous to this there had been a Jersey Regiment in town & we would go down & stand guard with them & they would learn us how to do "things." But today we took Alexandria we did. We marched in and each Company was assigned to different quarters throughout the city to keep the Secceshes who might remain in town quiet.

Friday, October 18 - We now occupied Alexandria in force, the Jerseymen falling back somewhere, exactly where I don't know anyhow they changed their base. We - the Sentinels - were stationed on each square - and we stood guard each 4 hours & then we were 8 hours off before we went on post again. After nine o'clock P.M. anyone who was found in the streets of Alexa without the pass word was arrested. The manner of arresting a person was this – When we saw a person coming we let them get within about 20 feet when we halted them. The dialogue that ensued was this – Guard – Halt! – and he halted. Guard – who come there – comer – Friend with the countersign – Guard – Advance friend & give the countersign – Friend advances as near as the point of the bayonet will let him when the Guard again halts him & the magic word is whispered in a low tone. - If all right the Guard says "The Counter Sign is correct & shouldering his Shooting Iron does not notice the Stranger more. If not correct, he shouts "Corporal of the Guard - post No 14" (or whatever it may be) & then the next Sentinel takes up the same words & sentry after sentry re echoes the same until it reaches the Guard house where the Corporal makes his Hd Quarters. Corporal comes takes the delinquent to the guard house & next morning before the Provost Marshals – who does what he thinks proper with him.

Quarters

Saturday, 19th - Our quarters are in a good 3 story rough cast house. There are 8 rooms in the house but unfortunately it is not furnished, so we had to furnish it ourselves. I had a knapsack, Haversack & Canteen - that's all the furniture I had & they were all about like me. My room mates were G.R.C. McCleary (dead) - a Kensington ship Carpenter, Ed. Nunneville (dead) a Germantown Mechanic, Thos Anderson a West Philadelphian, Ed Sturges (dead) a mason, Dan Newhall (dead) a Fisherman & last but not least, myself.

Aristocracy

Sunday, October 20th, 1861 - Went to church at the Baptist Church on Washington Avenue. Heard a splendid Sermon. This church is a notorious Rebel rendezvous. Nearly all the women wore red white & red, the Rebel colors. They would show their contempt for us by many ways. There is a strong aristocratic feeling among these Southerners anyhow. Now in Philadelphia we have Federal St. & Union St. & Green & Pine & Spruce & Chestnut, Market & Walnut St. – but here they have Duke St & Princess, King, Royal, Prince, St. Asaph & all such royal names. They have some good Union men here however. There is Mr. Bell & the Post Master & Mr. McKilvey & others. They had some sensible Seccesh here too, like Mr. Smost for instance who gave liberally to the Union Soldiers. It was the custom of the Union people to give some of the guards their breakfast in the Morning & by other little acts of kindness show their loyalty.

Tuesday, 22nd - Received Overcoats today.

Officers

Wednesday, October 23, 1861 - I am in Co I. Our Officers are as follows.
Captain James Reeside White
1st Lieutenant Jacob S. Stretch
2nd do Wm. J. Harkisheimer
Orderly Sergeant George L. Schell

All pretty good officers but might be better & the Captain would be more popular among the men if he only would not take the best of our rations, to which he was not entitled to. Wrote 1 letter home.

Friday, 25th - Received other guns. I was going to write new guns but they were not new. They were lighter than our old smooth bores, which made them acceptable to us.

Saturday, 26th - In the morning at the corner of Cameron & Royal sts the stars and stripes were thrown to the breeze. A beautiful blue flag was also raised in King st. Our splendid band was present & enlivened the scene with some splendid music.

Soldiers Funeral

Sunday, October 27th, 1861 - In the morning I attended the funeral of one of Co. D's members. He was buried in the Cemetery near the Rail Road. Poor fellow he didn't serve his country long – still he gave his life for her & more he could not do. Went to the Baptist Ch. in afternoon.

Monday, 28th - Target practice by the Co - down by the Potomac. The Potomac river at this point is about as wide as the Delaware is at Philada but it is a dirty muddy stream. We have dress parade every afternoon, down on Duke or Royal St.

Tuesday, 29th - Received a box of eatables from home. This came very acceptable as I am hardly used to the rough army ration yet.

Goslines Zos

Wednesday, Oct 30th - Drew dress coats today. Goslines Zouaves pass through in the afternoon.

Thursday, 31st - Inspection of Knapsacks by Col McLean - Major Gile & Dr Seltzer Drew a pair of shoes - as the first ones I drew had played out.

Storms

Friday, November 1st, 1861 - Received 2 Letters from home & wrote 2. Hereafter I intend to make a note of the weather every day. It may be useful hereafter for reference. It was brooding a storm today.

Saturday, 2nd - Very heavy rain. It is very disagreeable to be out on guard such a night as this - especially when a person has to stand from Midnight to 4 a.m. Something that I don't relish much I know. I would rather be in a good warm bed, than to be running up & down a street, drenched to the skin, & listening to the weary slamming of window shutters or listening to the wind and rain as it whistles & & howls & comes sweeping around the Corners & over the house tops. (Note I thought that was awful hard but if I could have looked into the future & saw what was in store for me I think my heart would have failed me.)

Flood

Sunday, November 3rd - Weather Clearing off, but the water rising in the Potomac. It reached some 200 feet up King St. today & doing a large amount of damage. Attended Baptist Church in the Morning. Rec'd 2 Letters.

Monday, 4th - Clear Weather. Target firing by the Company. Wrote 2 letters

Tuesday, 5th - Weather Clear. Received 1 letter & 10 Stamps. Nothing of any importance going on outside our regular duties.

Rebel Flag

Wednesday, November 6th, 1861 - Disagreeable Weather. Rainy & Misty. Got a small Rebel flag & sent it home. The flag was made by a Seccesh damsel for her Rebel lover (I presume) but I succeeded in bribing a servant to capture it for me

[Sketch: Rebel Stars & Bars]

This is the flag that was adopted by the Rebel Congress as their colors. It is, or was called the stars and bars, but at a later day they changed their flag & this one disappeared entirely from our observation.


Seccesh. Meetings

Thursday, November 7th - Cold and blustering. There was considerable excitement at night in town. Information had been received that Secret Rebel meetings were held in a building on Prince St. During the night the building was quietly surrounded & admittance gained - and several men were captured inside. Wrote 2 Letters.

Friday, 8th - Clear Weather. Saw the funeral of a member of the Mozart Regt. go down King St. Received 1 Letter.

Saturday, 9th - Rainy Weather. Received 1 Letter & a paper from John Fenner. Wrote 2 Letters.

Baptist Church

Sunday, Nov 10th, 1861 - Weather Clear & Pleasant. Attended Baptist Church in the Evening. The Baptist Ch is attended by the members of the Southern M. E. Church - whose Church the Authorities have closed for treasonable preaching.

Monday, 11th - Clear Weather. Regiment was paid off today. R. STN. $.63.₵ Received 1 Letter Wrote 1 Letter. Appointed J.S.Y. as. Guardian

Tuesday, 12th - Clear Weather. Had 12 C. F. King St. Wrote 2 Letters.

Marines & Sailors

Wednesday, Nov. 13th - Weather Clear & Cool. The Regiment was inspected to day by Genl Montgomerey & Judge Freese. Rec'd 1 Letter & paper from J.R. Fenner.

Thursday, 14th - Misty Weather. Received a box of eatables form home also 3 letters.

Friday, 15th - Weather Rainy & Muddy. In the afternoon we escorted the Sailors from Ft. Ellsworth to the wharf. We had blackened our boots & polished our brasses up so nicely that we looked awful slick. But in going out after the Sailors the mud was only a foot deep & then it commenced to rain too - that was all. But we had a jolly time waddling through the mud like young ducks & old ducks too. The Marines cheered us heartily for our trouble though. Received 1 Letter [rest of last line of page not visible]

All quiet

Saturday, Nov 16th, 1861 - Clear Cold Weather. Wrote 2 letters.

Sunday, 17th - Clear Cold & Windy. Received 1 letter.

Monday, 18th - Weather Nice & Clear. I've been a Soldier 2 Months to day

Tuesday, 19th - Clear Weather. "Why don't the army of the Potomac move." Attended the funeral of a member of the Regiment.

Wednesday, 20th - The weather was so clear and pleasant that White & myself took a walk down on the beach by the light house & up by Hunters Creek. Came home & Rec'd 2 Letters.

Thursday, Nov 21st - Clear Weather. Wrote 4 Letters home

Saturday, 23rd - Weather Rainy. Wrote 1 letter

Sunday, 24 - Cloudy Weather. Went to Baptist Church

Monday, 25th - Clear Cold weather. Snow in the morning. Received 1 Letter.

Fire 36 & 53d P.V. & 4 R. I.

Wednesday, November 27th, 1861 - Changeable Weather. At about midnight a destructive fire broke out down by the tunnel. The Company were called to arms and proceeded to the fire on the Double Quick. When we got there we manned the few crazy old Engines that we could find & extinguished the fire. The fire was among some frame buildings occupied by poor people, and the men worked hard to save them. Several houses were destroyed. The fire made a great light & people at Washington & the surrounding Camps seeing the immense light were under the impression that the Seccesh had risen & driving our Regiment away had set fire to the town. They didn't though. Rec'd 1 Letter.

Thursday, 28th - Changeable with rain. The Regiment escorted the 36th & 53d P.V. & 4th R. I. through town. The regiments went out through the town & got out to far – almost within the Reb lines & about 10 P.M. Co. I was called upon to go out & reinforce them. There was a heavy rain falling but went out as far as Springfield Station upon the cars & found our services were not [bottom line of page cut off]

Soldier Shot

In the early part of the evening went with Chaplain Clothier to Colored Church.

Saturday, 30th - Changeable weather. During the night one of Co H. arrested a soldier without the countersign. The Soldier attempted to escape but the guard Shot him dead! Although it was the guards orders, still I regard it as a cold blooded murder. Company H was celebrated for their cruel treatment of prisoners. They were from Reading & mostly Pennsylvania Dutch.

To Church

Sunday, December 1st, 1861 - Clear Weather. Went to the Baptist Church in the afternoon.

Wednesday, 4th - Clear Cold Weather. Nath White & I walked out as far as Goslines & saw the Brigade drill. Rec'd 1 Letter.

Friday, 6th - Warm. Indian Summer. Received 2 Letters & wrote 2 letters.

Sunday, 8th - Warm Weather. Heavy mist in the morning. Wrote 2 letters.

Monday, 9th - Clear Warm Weather. Rec'd 1 Letter & 1 paper. Wrote 1 letter. Inspection of Knapsacks.

Falls Church

Tuesday, 10th - Warm weather. White & I procured a pass and walked out as far as Falls Church, now the advanced out post of our army. Falls Church village is a small place of about a dozen houses & has been occupied a score of times by the opposing forces. Also visited Munsons hill from which a good view of the Capitol was obtained. The Rebs occupied this place and had some Quaker guns mounted on its bald summit. They had their desired effect & kept the Young Napoleon at bay for several weeks. Camps are thickly strewd about here & the universal question is "Why dont the Army of the Potomac move." Returned at dusk after a tramp of 18 miles & received 1 Letter.

Wednesday, 11th - Clear Weather. Wrote 3 letters.

Change Quarters

Thursday 12th, December 1861 - Clear Weather but Cold. Robert Jones a new recruit joined the Company. Harry Hunterson a so called deserter was drummed out of the Regiment - but there was something wrong about it & he was returned to his Company. When we came back we moved our Quarters around to a large brick building - Corner Duke & Washington st. The building had been a large boarding house and was especially adapted for a barracks. We succeeded in getting a nice room on the 3rd floor back. The best & quietest in the house. My roommates are Nath White (killed), Andw. Learmont (dead), Charley Hillson [Hilson] (died), Summerfield MacNichol (killed), Bill Beideman [Biederman], a big growler (dead), & Bill Truett a little growler (dead).

Friday, 13th - Clear & Pleasant. Wrote 1 Letter

Saturday, 14th - Weather nice & clear. Received 3 Letters.

Reliefs

Tuesday, December 17th - Beautiful & Pleasant Weather. The Reliefs were altered to 6 reliefs. We now stood 4 hours during the day time & 2 during the night. This arrangement works better although sometimes we are on twice during the night. Received 1 paper.

Wednesday, 18th - Weather Clear. I am a 3 months man to day. Our opinion of the war is that we will be out about a year & then come home again.

Friday, 20th - Changeable. Battalion drill every afternoon now. Rec'd 1 letter.

Rations

Sunday 22d, December 1861 - Clear Cold Weather. Our rations had got to be so bad the some of the members of the Co proposed a meeting. Samuel Jeffries was called to the Chair & Mr. Vautier was Secretary. A petition was signed and forwarded to Cap White & after that we had rations of a better quality. Went to Church in the Morning.

Monday, 23rd - Cold Rainy Weather. Wrote 5 & Received 1 Letter.

Tuesday, 24th - Clear, Cold and very windy. Well tomorrow is Christmas and our room thought they ought to have something good for Christmas dinner. So we went down to the Cook & asked him what good things we were to have for Christmas. Rice says Jim & You be damned thankful if you get that & enough of it. Well Rice for Christmas dinner – well that is rough surely.

Foraging

Well the wise men of our room called a council & determined to let others eat what they liked, as for us we were going to have something extra. There are chickens in Alexandria says White. Yes says Andy, but it would take $5 to get enough for us. No nor it wont take that says MacNichol it wont cost us anything. Thats so we all replied & so we soon concocted a conspiracy against 3 particular houses who kept chickens. The next thing was to appoint a delegation to "gather them in" & settle the preliminaries. Nath White, Biderman, Truitt & my honored self were appointed executive committee, with power to execute as many chickens as we could find. About 11 P.M. we sallied forth. The first place where we attacked was Mr. Taylor's, a rank rebel, near by. They had a large & very ferocious dog here. I was appointed to get over the fence & open the door. I crept over the fence & kept a sharp watch for the dog - but as the wind was blowing a gale nothing could hear us. I opened the gate & then we entered the stable & commenced our Search for chicks.

A Bloodless Massacre

Sergt Levan in the meantime had joined us & he was a valuable acquisition to the party. He was so handy that we told him that he was an old hand at the business. We took all the old hens we could find, but kindly left Mr Taylor the rooster to raise another family with. But it seems Mr Taylor did not appreciate our kindness in leaving him the "Father of the flock" - the way he cursed the Yankees next day. We then came out in the yard. Here there were several coops of fine fat pullets - well they were just the kind we wanted and we didn't spare any of them, for there were no old roosters there. We took them up stairs & I closed the door & then we thanked Mr Taylor for his chickens but he didn't hear us. We then went down to a house in Prince St. & went in the back way & got along finely. The chickens here were not so nice & fat as Mr. Taylors were. As we were about through Beideman got hold of a noisy chicken who - much to our disgust - commenced to exercise his vocal prowess - or her's I should say. We imagined we heard somebody open the window & all commenced to scramble out. Beideman dropped his hat & as I was the only one in side now, he told me to bring it out. The Cap had

A chicken with 9 lives

had the Companys letter on & to leave that would be sure detection, so I groped around in the dark - & expecting every minute to hear somebody banging away in my vicinity. But I managed to find the hat & then I didn't stay there long, but we all skedadled up the Street & in the quarters as fast as our "pins" would carry us. My post was at the Telegraph Office & White's was at Genl Montgomerey's across the St. We went on Post at 2 a.m. & soon as all was quiet - I slipped into the Yard of the Scott house & made for the Chicken pen. I got one & wrung his neck & flung him over the fence to Nath, but they were so poor: but I thought I would try another one, so I got in the house & felt around for a nice fat one, but nara fat one was there, then I caught one youngster & wrung his neck & threw him down - when the chicken got up & legged it, as if he hadn't been killed once. Well I after him & chased him into the sink & he came very near getting down it - but I caught him after some difficulty and killed him again & threw him over the fence to White - but that chick wasn't dead yet - for the minute he touched

Happy Christmas

terra firma, he up & put again. It was Naths turn to catch him now, he chased him all over the street & finally brought him up in a door way. Nath then killed him again - but wonderful to relate the same Chicken came too again up in our room, but Beideman killed him this time - & as he was an old hand at the biz - why he didn't come too again. We were busy all the remainder of the night picking their coats & pants off. We had 11 chickens for 7 of us.

Wednesday, 25th - Clear moderate weather. Christmas Day. Happy Christmas to you reader - but as it is rather late now maybe you wont like it, but better late than never. If you hadn't a happy Christmas why it isn't my fault. I'll assure you I had. We had Chicken for dinner & Chicken for supper Charley Hillson took the Chicks down to an old colored lady on vinegar hill & she done them up brown for us. Received 2 Letters.

Thursday, December 26th - Nice Clear weather. Wrote 3 letters. Chicken all gone.

Friday, 27th - Clear & Pleasant. Received a box of Christmas present from home

Saturday, 28th - Clear & Pleasant. Recd 1 Letter.

Sunday, 29th - Clear. Went to Baptist Church in the Morning. Catholic Ch in afternoon & Methodist Ch in the evening.

Monday, 30th - Clear. Skirmish drill by Captn Griffith of Co H.

New Years

Tuesday, Dec 31st, 1861 - Clear weather. This morning the Regiment paraded for inspection. After fooling us around till 3 P.M. they brought us back - My opinion of Col. McLean is that he is a regular old granny - & I am not alone in my opinion. This is the last day of the old year. I was on guard at 12 o'clock - standing on the P.O. Steps - as the clock struck 12 - I could hear the sweet strains of martial music sweetly wafting in from the hills - the forts & camps in the outskirts of the town. The night was still & quiet & it was a beautiful & solemn manner for old 61 to die & for the new year to be wafted into existence. So died the Old Year, with me, reader. I don't think you saw the new Year ushered in, in a more solemn & imposing manner.

Discontent

Wednesday, January 1st, 1862 - Splendid Weather for New Years day. Nothing much stirring in town. Didn't make many calls to day though – The only welcome visitor that I received was a letter from home.

Thursday, 2nd - Clear & Pleasant. Our relief was kept on guard an hour too long this morning, & as this had grown to be quite a practice lately, we resolved to seek redress from the Captain. So the relief all marched down to the Cap House - and gaining admittance into his presence - we were afraid to speak. I got well behind the door. Nath he very leisurely seated himself – Truitt staid in the entry & Bideman took possession of one corner of the room - while Andy balanced himself nicely on the open door. We were all waiting for the other one to speak & at last Andy broke out in his slow deliberate tone - highly accented

Colors Presented

with Scotch. he commenced - Well Captain – we don;t think we have been treated right by Sergt Nuskey – and we thought – we would come down – and see you about it. Andies voice gave us courage & we soon had a tale of grievances laid out before him about 14 ½ Yards long. Cap promised to see us through & then we departed in peace

Friday 3rd - Changeable with hail & snow.

Saturday, 4th - Clear & very Cold. State flag presented to the Regiment. Speeches made by Judge Kelley Col McLean and here is Genl Heintzlemans speech. I can't make a speech boys, but when there is a fight about - why count me in. Immense applause greeted the old Commander Col. Hays, Mayor McKenzie, Col Joe & others spoke

Rumors

Monday, January 6th, 1862 - Cloudy Weather Recd 1 & Wrote 2 Letters

Wednesday, 8th - Warm & Muddy. A report was circulated during the night that the Seccesh attempted to blow up the Mansion House Hospital. The affair raised much excitement - but whether it was an affair - as our Officers asserted - or only a rumor I cannot learn, so I suppose we will have to call it another Union victory & no body hurt.

Thursday, 9th - Rain with thick fog. Recd 1 & Wrote 2 Letters.

The Pensacola

Friday, 10th January - Foggy Weather. The man-o-war – Pensacola – which had been blockaded in the Potomac & had been lying at Alexandria, sailed during the night. The reb. batteries are only about 20 miles down the river & toward daylight we could hear the low sullen roar of their guns demanding the Pensacola to halt. But we knew the Pensacola was all right, for she had bales of hay protecting her vital parts & there was a canal boat loaded with hay on her side. And she was all right too. Though the Rebel Shot fell thick around her - yet she escaped uninjured. It was a delightful pastime the rebs had of banging away into everything under canvas or steam coming up the Potomac. But they done very little harm to anybody. Sometimes a sail would come up the river with the marks of shot on her, but they compelled very few, if any, ships to have too. Rec'd 1 Letter.

Wide Awakes

Sunday, January 12th, 1862 - Clear Weather. Went to Baptist Church Rec. 3 & Wrote 3 Letters.

Monday, 13th - Cold Cloudy Weather. Wood is awful scarce now. But our room always manages to get along comfortably. Lasts night we visited several Hd. Quarter wood piles & laid in a good supply. We call our room the Wide Awakes, & as a warning to overbearing petty & high officers too - we have Inscribed upon our door -

"Every dog has his day."
Wide Awakes."

Tuesday, 14th - Snowy & windy. Received a box of eatables from home & our room - the Wide Awakes - fared sumptuously to day. Received 3 letters. Wrote 1 letter.

Pay Day

Thursday, January 16th - Warm pleasant weather. Signed the pay roll. Rec'd 1 & Wrote 2 letters.

Saturday 18th - Foggy & Rainy. The regiment received 2 months pay. Two months pay for a "high private in the rear rank" is $26, or for a low private either. In Uncle Sams Service 4 months to day.

Monday, 20th - Rainy & foggy. Auble & Keller - 2 new recruits join the Company to day. They are welcome, & both married men too - well they will miss their buttered rolls & hot coffee in the morning. There are only 2 married men in our "Club." & 5 Single. I pity the poor married fellers.

Brig Perry

Tuesday, Jan 21st, 1862 - Rainy & foggy. I put all my spare time together today in writing letters. They are about the best friends I see now a days. Wrote 8 letters. & Recd 1.

Wednesday, 22nd - Rain with thick fog. A detachment of us are detailed this afternoon to escort to the grave, the remains of a New Hampshire man - who died in the Washington St. Hospital. This is a duty that we have often to do. Wrote 4 letters.

Thursday 23rd - Changeable. The brig "Perry" which had laid out in the stream - sailed & ran the blockade safely. The Johnnies as usual sending their pressing Complements over in her vicinity, in the form of cannonballs. Wrote 1 letter

8th Ill. Cav.

Friday, Jan 24th - Blustering weather. The 8th Illinois Cavalry, which had lain in camp outside the town all winter, came in town today & were quartered around in various places. They are bully boys & they and our Regiment are on the best of terms, & many lasting friendships are formed. Rec'd 2 letters & wrote 1.

Sunday, 26th - Fine clear weather. Went to Baptist Ch in morning & come home & recd 2 letters. Wrote 1.

Sam Thomas

Tuesday, January 28th, 1862 - Rainy weather. In an affair down on Vinegar Hill - Sam Thomas badly injured a New York Soldier - who was carried to the hospital. Sam is a member of Company I. Recd 7 & wrote 8 Letters.

Wednesday, 29th - Rainy weather. Sam Thomas had another affray in a portion of the town called "Hati" on Vinegar Hill - down near the jug in the wall. In this affair he shot & killed a member of a New York Regiment. (note. Sam was court martialed for this & acquitted, he afterwards deserted – arrested - attempted to escape - was shot through the head & killed! The way of the transgressor is hard.)

Friday, 31st Jan - Rain. Snow & hail. It couldn't have been much worse weather if it had tried too. Wrote 1 letter.

Dress Parades

Saturday, February 1st, 1862 - Rainy weather. During the day there was a fire in a cabinet warehouse in King St. Received 2 letters.

Monday, 3rd - Snowy weather. The 8th Illinois Cavalry had dress parade today in Washington St. They made a fine appearance, as they are all, or most all great beared men & their line is 2 squares long. Col. Farnsworth commands the 8th. Received 1 letter.

Wednesday 5th - Splendid weather. We had dress parade this noon on Royal St. Our line is about a square long. We turn out with white gloves & polished equipments. Recd 3 letters & 1 paper. Wrote 1 letter.

Coercion

Saturday, February 8th - Clear & pleasant. Nothing of any importance transpiring. We perform our regular duties day by day and long for active service to commence. There was a little incident happened that I think worth while relating The 8th Ill - have a large flag hanging over the pavement - suspended from their Head Quarters. A snip of a man accompanied by 2 young ladies we [were] passing by Hd. Qrs. to day & when they came to where the flag was - they tucked up their dresses, & marched out in the street, until they were pass the flag & then resumed the pavement again. But it happens the Cavalry men have a big color Sergt only about 6 ft. 6 inches tall, & he was standing in the door. Seeing this outrage - he after Mr. Reb & collared him – brought him back, & gave him the preference of either walking under the flag, or loosing his brains - if he had any. But he wisely concluded to walk under the flag - which he did much to his own discomfiture & amid the shuts [shouts] of the soldiers [rest of last line cutoff]

Preacher Arrested

He then departed a sadder if not a wiser man. So much for Southern Aristocracy. Recd 2 letters & wrote 3.

Sunday Feb 9th - Clear & Pleasant weather. This morning there was a great deal of excitement occasioned by the arrest of the minister in St. Pauls Epis. Ch. The congregation is strongly Seccesh & the minister has been in the habit of praying for Jeff & omitting the prayers for the President of the U.S. In the morning during Service he was arrested & taken to the Pro. Vost Marshals Office. The rage of the female portion exceeded all bounds - but they met some very good replies from the men & sensible ones too - in answer to the crime of treason. The male portion of the "flock" kept quiet for they would have been roughly handled if they had said anything treasonable. Recd 1 letter Wrote 1 letter & sent 1 paper home.

Hurst buried. Fire Fish

Monday, 10th, Feb. - Splendid Weather. David Hirst of Co. D. was buried to day. There is printed in the town a violent Rebel journal called the "Alexandria Gazette". It has been persistent in its opposition to the government & spits out its treason whenever it can. But the days of the Alexandria Gazette were numbered. During the night some person forced an entrance & set fire to it. The "engines" were quickly on the ground - but notwithstanding the threats of the Officers - but few men would man them. The building was totally destroyed together with 2 adjoining buildings. All the presses &c were also destroyed. During the day the "Wide Awakes" came across - among other things - a barrel of mackerel half burned. By knocking off the outside the barrel, we soon secured as many splendid salt fish as we could carry. We feasted on mackerel after this. Recd 2 letters.

St. Pauls Church

Tuesday, February 11th 1862 - Changeable with snow. The fire is still burning in Prince St. During the day it was rumored the Soldiers were going to burn St. Pauls Church, and Co. I. was sent down to guard it during the night. We took up our quarters in the Chapel & posted guards around the church. There was no demonstration however. Rec'd 1 letter. Wrote 1 letter & sent 1 paper home.

Wednesday, 12th - Clear Weather. In the morning we were formed in line & marched back to our quarters again to the music of "The girl I left behind me" by the fife & drum. In the afternoon a mob collected in front of the Church & Co. I were quickly formed & marched down in quick time to protect it. The mob becoming violent - we were ordered to clear the St. which we did at the point of the bayonet. Affairs had now reached a crisis. Over 1000 of the 88th & 8th Regts were there armed to the teeth, & would have soon

The three Eights

overpowered us - when Major Gile appeared on the spot & in a vice of thunder asked what it all meant, & ordered the mob to their barracks. They didn't go though. Genl. Montgomerey also appeared but as he was suspected of friendly feelings toward the seccesh - he was received with but little favor. The Major finally pacified the crowd & they separated. During the excitement some genius called for 3 cheers for the 3 Eights, & it was enthusiastically given. Always after this our regt. & the Illinois regt. were known as the three Eights. We remained in the Church all night & bunked in the cushioned pews. Rec'd. 2 & wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 13th - Fine & Clear. Received a box of eatables from home. Went back to our old quarters in the morning. Received 1 paper & wrote 2 letters.

Raising the Flags. Marching Orders'

Sunday, February 16th, 1862 - Fair weather. Went to the Catholic Church in the afternoon. Came home & wrote 2 letters

Monday, 17th - Rainy & very disagreeable. Received marching orders. We had been carrying on pretty high lately & it is probable that the "powers that be" were displeased with our conduct. For the past week we had procured American flags & Tom Neal, Jesse Tyson & Myself had visited several of the most violent secceshionests & nailed their colors on their houses - whether they wanted them or not. It was very amusing to see the long faces they put on when we knocked at their doors, and politely asked them where they would like to have "their" flag put. We plainly told them that if the flags we removed, that their house would be removed too. Somebody even went so far as to privately nail a couple on Genl. Montgomerey's home one night & when he saw them, he ordered them to be removed. Packed up & bunked in St. Pauls Ch. for the night.

Discomforts

Tuesday 18th Feb - Clear & Cold & Muddy. In the morning Companies A, C, D, E & I were marched down to the wharf & laid about loose all day. Companies B, F, H & K were left in town. In the afternoon we were marched on board a steamer & steamed up to Washington & up the Eastern branch. We laid on the deck of the boat all night. The deck was damp & wet & the wind cold & chilly & I passed a very unpleasant night. I am in the service 5 months to day.

Wednesday, 19th - Rainy & muddy. After passing a very unpleasant night & a very unpleasant day also - we debarked late in the afternoon. I was detailed to help to unload the baggage & I got jolly & wet. After a couple of hours work we finally got in motion & marched out near Fort Stanton. It was only about a mile but I thought it was 3. We had a splendid tramp in the mud.

Filling an empty Stomach

and when we got out there I found Co. I. had taken possession of an old log house with out floors or windows or doors (I was going to say without sides or roof too) & there we were all huddled up, and a smoky fire in the centre. There was plenty of liquor around & as we had nothing to eat all day it soon operated upon us. I got a drop more than was healthy & as we had no bread I went scouting after some. The Quartermaster had a wagon full & I got among it & put 4 loaves under my coat & got out to give place to another pilferer. The Quartermaster happened to come up just then & caught the fellow in the wagon, & for fear that he would look too closely at me I denounced the man stealing bread & said he ought to be sent home, but taking good care that I made the distance between the Q.M. & me wider. I got off safely with my prize - went in & gave the boys the bread & then come out after more for myself. I got one loaf more, that's all. We were better off than the rest of the Companies, for they had to pitch their tents out on the wet ground & then lay on wet pine branches. Such is life, Such is life.

Camp Kelley

Thursday, 20th Feb - Windy Weather. Our camp is pleasantly situated about 1½ miles from the City in the D. of C. To day we are busy pitching our tents & after we have pitched tents & located ourselves we will get Pine & Cedar branches & spread them upon the ground make a very nice bed. True they are rather large for feathers, but still they will do. Our camp is called "Camp Kelley."

Saturday 22nd - Rain & Wind. Washington's Birth Day. Blank cartridge firing Rec. 3 letters & 1 paper.

Sunday 23rd - Rainy Weather. Dull & Cheerless. Wrote 4 letters.

An ill wind

Monday, February 24th, 1862 - Heavy winds. Toward night the wind increased to a gale - evidently bent upon seeing which tent was the best constructed. The first tent to collapse was the Sergts tent - Away she went - speedily followed by others, & there were many laughable scenes among the ruins. As soon as a tent would keel over, there would be a general scattering of all the movable effects inside by the wind, & then the men would scramble after their things – or - "every devil for his own." But our tent stood it nobly, it was like a house built upon a rock. My tent mates were Andy Learmont, Charley Hillson, Nath White, Beideman & myself.

Wednesday, 26th - Changeable. Detailed for Camp Guard. There is a detail made out of each Co - for a certain no. of men. Each detail is on duty 24 hours & then off for 2 or 3 days. In the morning we moved our tents in proper order and during the night

Floods & Forts

a heavy rain storm set in - and flooded nearly every tent in the co. But we had provided against rain, & had digged a gutter around ours, and we were all hunk, while other poor fellows had to get up during the storm & scoop out some kind of a gutter around their tents. We are in "A" tents. Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 27th - Cold windy weather. details made to garrison Forts Good Hope, Rickets, Davis & the Cornfield Battery. There are plenty of Forts in this vicinity & it would be impossible for the Rebs to get in the Capitol this way, unless by a surprise or the hardest kind of fighting for the guns bear on every point.

[Sketch of Tents]

A miserable Night

Saturday, March 1st, 1862 - Clear, Cold and windy. To day we practiced the drill in the bayonet exercise & also in blank cartridge firing.

Sunday, 2nd - Changeable with snow. Detailed for guard, which I am on every 3rd day. Preaching by Chaplain Clothier. Wrote 1 letter.

Monday, 3rd - Rainy, Snowy, Sleety, Misty, Muddy - & in short all kinds of bad weather that the callender [calendar] can produce. Went on guard at Ft. Davis about 1½ miles. During the night the rain put our fire out & nearly put us out too. We were under some old boards for shelter - but they didn't shelter us much. We didn't sleep much this night, for between rain, & cold, we had enough to attend to. In short it was (last line of page cut off)

No. 60

Friday, March 7th - Clear, cold & windy Rec 1 & Wrote 4 letters.

Sunday, 9th - Fine clear weather. White and myself took a walk over in Maryland, and came back in the evening Rec'd 1 & Wrote 4 letters.

Monday, 10th - Changeable with rain. Lew Manypenny painted our Co & Regt on our knapsack & no [number] on our knapsack, haversack & Canteen. On our knapsack was Co. I 88th Regt P.V. No 60. And on my haversack & Canteen was No 60 also - for that was my No.

Tuesday, 11th - Clear. Co drill in morning & battalion drill in afternoon. We have this every day now. Rec'd 2 letters & 1 paper & wrote 1 letter.

Long Roll

Thursday, 13th March, 1862 - Cloudy & Rainy. In the morning the long roll was beaten & we formed Co & took position in line, double quick. The Colonel then started us off down the road on the double quick - much to the surprise and wonder of the men - who conjectured everything. Some thought there was a mutiny among some troops somewhere, and others didn't know what to think. But we all thought there was something going to be done. Well we double quicked it down the road until we came to a nice field & in that field we went & drilled for 4 or 5 hours. That is all that was done. Col George & Col Joe are with us over in this camp and Major Gile is still over in Alexa. in command of the 4 companies over there. Wrote 2 letters.

Sunday, 16th - Cloudy dull & cheerless. Preaching by the Chaplain. Recd 2 & Wrote 2 letters.

Drilling

Tuesday, 18th March - Clear & Pleasant. The street fighting drill practiced by regt. As this is a novel as well as a pleasant drill I will describe it. The regiment is form platoon front - and the platoon is in charge of a Lieutenant. (16 men - 8 front is a platoon & 8 men - 4 front a section) The platoon is the counted (not divided yet) off into Sections and a Sergt. Takes the left section. At the command – march – the whole Regt steps off. The first platoon then "halts" "aims" & "fires" & the command is given - "By sections fright & left face - file right & left, march" The right section then turns to the right & files left halts, and loads. The left sections turns to the left - files right halts, & loads. The next platoon performs the same maneuver & so on till the Regt has passed – when the first platoon, shoulders arms & right & left faces by file right & left by front face & then they are a platoon again. In the Service 6 months today.

Seeing the Sights

Thursday, March 20th, 1862 - Foggy & Rainy. Procured a pass and visited Washington. Went through the Capitol & around seeing the "Elephant." Saw the "Elephant" – was satisfied – and after having a good time generally came home at dark & recd 1 & wrote 1 letter.

Friday, 21st - Cloudy & rainy. Busy all day writing home to friends about the sights in Washington. I have seen the Capitol described so often that it is scarcely worth while describing it here. Sufficient it is to say that the paintings are the finest I ever did see, while everything else is in accordance with them. To sum it up in a few words the Captiol is a magnificent building. Wrote 5 letters.

Sunday, 23rd - Cloudy. Preaching by Chaplain Clothier. Recd 1 letter.

Boxes

Monday, 24th March - Cloudy & Windy. Inspection of arms by Col Doubleday - who condemnd our guns - and broke some of our bayonets & rammers in trying them. Wrote 1 letter.

Wednesday, 26th - Clear and Pleasant. There was a wagon load of boxes arrived today but they were nearly all spoiled. I received one but it was a gone case.

Thursday, 27th - Clear & Pleasant. Recd 3 letters.

Friday, 28th - Clear and warm. Reviewed in the afternoon by Genl Doubleday and Staff.

Tramps

Monday, 31st March, 1862 - Clear and Pleasant. Nothing stirring except the usual routine of camp life. There is fun in camp every day - but it is similar to that which you have home every day. I & Nath generally take a tramp every afternoon after Walnuts or the like. Recd 2 & Wrote 4 letters.

Tuesday, April 1st, 1862 - Fine clear & Pleasant. The regiment moved their tents on the hill to make room for a drill ground. Recd 1 letter.

Wednesday, 2nd - Cloudy Weather. Nothing stirring. Passed my time away by writing 3 letters "to hum"

Sunday. 6th - Windy Weather. Preaching by the Chaplain. Wrote 1 letter.

Nabbed

Monday, 7th April. - Rain, Snow & Sleet. On camp guard. During the night when I was on guard I stepped around on the side of the guard house to protect myself from the sleet & snow, according to the last guards instruction (though I know it was wrong). Well Lt Steeple officer of the guard came around & found me very nicely sheltered from the storm. But this heinous crime of going about 2 yards (not any more) off my post to keep dry on such a cold & stormy night must be punished. True there was only 2 drummer boys in the guard house for refusing to carry muskets & 2 others for some trifling offence, but still my "superiors" would not show their authority if they didn't punish me in some way. So when I was relieved from guard (we stand 2 hours each) Sergt Monyer told me I would go to the officers tent as the Officer of the Day wanted to see me. Cap. White was officer of the day & he thought it an awful crime & in a severe tone ordered me in the guard house at once. Sergt Monyer took me there though much against his wish (he was a gentleman). Well I slept very soundly all night while the others who didn't commit any such terrible crime

Before Col McLean

had to stand on guard in the snow & sleet 4 hours more during the night. I don't think either White or Steeples slept better that I, even after they had done such a stern act of "justice."

Wednesday, 9th - Rain Snow & Hail. In the morning the Sergt, of the guard took me before Col. McLean. Colonel spoke a few words of admonition to me, and I defended myself. Col told me I looked like a good soldier & sent me to my company again all right. This is the only time I have been in the guard house yet (and the last time too – there was no necessity for it soon after – for all such cowards as White resigned & went home when active service began)

Thursday, 10th - Fine and clear weather. Recd 3 & wrote 1 letter.

Oxen Run

Saturday, April 12th - Warm and Springlike. No drilling to day, it being set apart for a general wash day. I generally wash about once a week. Don't have much to wash though. We go down to Oxen Run & select the deepest place along the bank & then go to work. Don't have any wash boards - but Uncle Sam supplies us with soap. Recd 1 & wrote 1 letter

Sunday, April 13th - Warm and Pleasant. We have inspection of arms every Sunday morning. Each Company officer inspects his own Co. Occasionally - we have Regimental inspection by Col. George. Preaching by Chaplain Clothier. Recd 1 paper, wrote 2 letters.

Farmer Grimes

Monday, 14th April, 1862. - Warm & Cloudy. Nath White & I took a walk today out in the country for we are tired of laying around in camp. We went out into Maryland & wanting a drink we stopped at a poor miserable looking hut to get some water. There was no one but a poor miserable looking woman & she was half scared to death by our presence. The hut had only one room in it, with no floor - and hardly any furniture. It was almost as bad as some of the negro huts we have visited. We often - whenever we get a chance - talk & visit the colored population. It is amusing to hear their ideas & one thing, another. Well we continued our journey & set out for a man whom we saw ploughing in a field - talked to him awhile & then "put" for some place else. The old Farmer however had caught sight of us & cut off our advance & brought us too, He showed all around his farm, his hot beds - his "barn", pigs & stock in general & then took us in the house & set before us a repast of ham, eggs - bread & butter & milk, &c. We done justice to Mr. Grimes cheer, and thanked our stars that we had fallen into such good Company.

On the March

We found the honest old farmer sound on the Union question, & not by word only - but by deed also, for he would not take any recompense for the excellent repast that he gave us. We then went over to his brother at Grimes Crossroads - but he wasn't so generous. Returned at dark after a little walk of about 20 miles. We found the boys had received marching orders & were busy in packing up for the morrow. The boys were all in tip top spirits, for now they said we are going to see some service. Some had gone so far as to say that we would never see a Reb or a battle.

Tuesday, 15th - Warm & Cloudy. This is a busy day with us and we have been packing our trunks all the morning. At 10 a.m. we struck tents and in the afternoon bid farewell to Camp Kelley & with our faces to the Capitol took up the march. We crossed the Eastern branch & went on board the steamer "Nantasket" & laid on board at the wharf all night. Rec 1 letter.

Reunion

Wednesday, April 16th, 1862 - Clear & warm weather. Steamed down the Potomac to Alexandria - disembarked at Alexa, & marched up to Washington St - stacked arms and lay until about 4 P.M. then took the cars and went out on the R.R. about 2 miles - got off train & pitched camp. Called this place Camp Starvation. It was a miserable location for a camp. Numbers of dead horses were laying around loose filling the air with their oppressive & offensive smell. Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 17th - Warm & Clear. Cos. B, F, H, & K. – who had been in Alexa & down to Manassas under Major Gile – rejoined us to day.

Friday, 18th - Warm & Clear. In service 7 months to day. Wrote 1 letter.

Pay Day

Saturday, April 19th - Rainy & disagreeable. Struck tents at Camp Starvation, or dead horse & marched over to near Clouds Mills & pitched tents & called camp - Camp Reliance. We saw the welcome face of the Paymaster to day. He gave us 2 months pay. Of all individuals he is the one that we want to see to come again soon. It is very unpleasant getting feathers such a day as this, there are so wet. We prefer Cedar to Pine.

Monday, 21st - Heavy Rain Storms. I am on guard to day, over at the Colonels stables at Clouds Mills. There are marks of severe fighting all around here. The trees are barked & in fact there are bullet marks everyplace. This was the dividing line once. Made myself very comfortable in the hay loft for the night. Wrote 4 letters.

Bull Run

Wednesday, 23rd April, 62 - Warm & Pleasant. Could hardly get to camp on account of the high water between camp & Cloud Mills. Assisted to erect the guard house. There are 2 apartments to the field guard house. One for the guards to stay in & the other for prisoners. Received 1 letter.

Thursday, 24th - Cloudy & Rainy. Belt presented to Lieut. Harkisheimer - also pair epaulettes. Receive orders to go to Manassas tomorrow. Wrote 2 letters.

Friday, 25th - Cloudy. 2/3ds of each Company are detailed to go to guard the R. R from Bull Run to Manassas junction. We left camp in the morning took the cars & "hied away" for Bull Run. When we got to Bull Run we found the Rebs had burned the bridge, so we had to transfer all our movable effects over the bridge to another train on the opposite side.

Visiting Bull Run Battlefield

Sunday, April 27, 1862 - Fair & Clear. A party of us set out in the morning to visit the battlefield. We had to go armed as there were plenty of guerrillas in the vicinity - & several union soldiers had mysteriously disappeared lately. We tramped over all the bloody ground, saw the graves of the Rebel soldiers & the pits where the Union Soldiers had been buried. In some places the bones of the Union men were sticking out of the ground. We saw where the Black horse cavalry made their fatal charge. We went in an old blackmans hut & saw where the cannon balls passed through the house - In his yard 2 Rebel Officers were killed & several Federal and Rebel soldiers also, and there was their graves. There stood 2 chimneys – all that was left to tell the tale of a house burned, of a sick woman in bed – of men so occupied in killing one another – that the sick woman perished in the flames; and here was more graves - & here is the famous "Stone house" & no less famous Stone Bridge. And here was a hospital. Ah many a soldier breathed his last out here. And here is the spot where 3 Union Soldiers fell who were cut off from their Comrades - but fell where they fought & fought where they fell, side by side. They were [last line of page cut off]

Resting

Monday, 28 April - Fine clear weather. Walked around the woods & in the Reb. huts of which there is a large no. Wrote 3 letters home.

Wednesday, 30th - Splendid springlike weather. We have an easy time of it with nothing much to do. Wrote 2 letters.

Returned to Clouds Mills,

Thursday, May 1st, 1862 - Cloudy and rainy. Nash and I visited Beauregards Head Quarters, or where he used to have his H.Qs when he was "Monarch of all he surveyed" around these diggin's. It is a plain substantial 2 Story brick & the property of a wealthy Virginia Farmer. Wrote 3 letters.

Saturday, 3rd - Clear and Pleasant. Distant Mutterings of war has already commenced coming from the Peninsula - where the Army of the Potomac has gone, & now we know that we must soon join hands with them in the great struggle. Today we broke camp at Manassas & took the cars & returned to Clouds Mills or Camp Reliance. Drew light blue army pants: previous to this we have been wearing dark blue pants. [bottom line of writing cut off]

Duryeas Brigade

Sunday, May 4th - Warm and Pleasant. Preaching by Chaplain Clothier. He spoke very well this morning. Visited my old comrades, the Cameron Dragoons. The Co. is there with which I was out to Haddonfield with. Recd 1 letter.

Monday, 5th - Cloudy and Rainy. Inspection of arms by a staff officer. Our guns were all condemned again. Reviewed by Genl Duryea in whose Brigade we are in. The positions in a brigade are thus classed 1st or best, 2nd, 3d & 4th or as many Regts as the Brig. contains. The 1st & most honorable is the right of the line, 2d the left of the line. 3rd right centre & 4th left centre. The 88th have the right & the 107th P.V. Col Ziegler the left & 2 N. York Regiments the centres. Wrote 2 letters.

Marched to Alexa

Tuesday, Mar 6th, 1862 - Clear Windy weather. Received marching orders, and the camp is in a furor of excitement. There are all sorts of rumors. Some of the knowing ones were confident we are going to the Peninsula, while some others know something quite different. Others tell me of a valley called the Shenandoah, where rebellious rebels do defy Uncle Sam's authority & according to their information we will soon cross the mountains that we can see looming up in the west & in the dim distance & all that sort of thing. Recd 1 & wrote 1 letter.

Wednesday, 7th - Clear & Pleasant. Took up the line of march in the morning and marched to Alexa. & were quartered in some warehouses at the foot of King St. In the afternoon the Regt was paraded & Mayor McKenzie presented Col George with a beautiful sword on behalf of the citizens of Alexandria . Wrote 1 letter home.

At Acquia Creek

Thursday, 8th May - Warm and Dry. In the morning we embarked on board the Steamer North American - & put our baggage - such as tents - wagons &c - on board of a ship attached to the Str. Shortly our Steamer was put in motion & amid the cheers of the Alexandrians & the splendid music of our magnificent band - we steamed down the Potomac. We went down past Ft. Washington & soon we came opposite Mt. Vernon. It is a beautiful custom that boats have of tolling their bells as they pass the grave of Washington, and ours tolled as we passed by. Well we were going down to the Peninsula now sure. There couldn't be any mistake about it - but we finally came to Aquia Creek, & much to our disappointment landed here. In going in our vessel parted company - snapping the big ropes - like twine. Didn't do any damage though & she soon came to. Debarked and laid by the Road Side. Found the 90th Regiment National Grd here. Taken sick in the afternoon, but Lieut Harkisheimer gave me a drink of whiskey & I felt better. Some of the men advised me to get sick as often as [last line of writing cut off]

Woods on Fire. Whippoorwill Hill

Friday, 9th May, 1862 - Warm and sultry. During the day the woods caught fire, & there was a large number of log huts in the woods also, and they ignited, & of all the roaring, hissing – crackling scenes that I ever saw, this surpassed all. The flames spread so rapidly that details were made from the Regt. to extinguish the flames. There was a lively scattering of snakes & reptiles from that woods & many a poor lizard was sacrificed. We erected brush houses for shelter. The 56th Penna - are encamped near, & assist us in every manner & giving us the right hand of fellowship on all occasions. There are many whippoorwills in the woods – and all through the night their plaintive but beautiful song of Whippoor - will – breaks alone the solitude of the woods & breaks the loneliness for the weary sentinel as he paces his lonesome beat.

Saturday, 10th - Very Warm and oppressive. Took up the line of march in the morning, and marched down the R. R about 3 miles & encamped on a hill, which we called whippoorwill hill. We pitched tents and proceeded to make ourselves [most of last line of page cut off] for the night.

Scouting. To the Rappahannock

Night came and our scouting party assembled. There was about 10 of us under Lieut Sherman of Co E. There has been a considerable force of Black Horse Cavalry in the neighbourhood of late & we went out fully prepared to meet them. Well we scouted around in open fields, & we scouted in deep woods, and we scouted in the roads & lanes searching for horse prints in the soil & keeping wide awake for a surprise. The only important captive that we effected was 4 Steers that we took in camp and shot. We came in Camp at daylight, after scouring the country for miles around, and much disappointed in not having a brush with the Blackhorsemen.

Sunday, 11th - Hot Weather. Struck tents in the morning and after some hard marching reached the Rappahannock River in the afternoon by a very circuitous route of some 18 miles. Found McDowell's army here. I supposed that it numbered some 25,000 men. Recd 2 letters.

Out in the Wet.

Monday, May 12th, 1862 - Very Warm. To day we bivouacked in the fields, waiting for our tents to arrive. In the afternoon I enjoyed a delicious bath in the Rappahannock & swam to the Fredericksburg side.

Tuesday, 13th - Warm and Sultry. Our tents not arriving & it having the appearance of rain, we erected brush houses. White, Danfield & I erected quite a snug little domicile. After it was finished White gathered some wild white flowers & decorated the door way with. We then, with our bayonets dug a gutter around the outside, so in case of rain we would not be flooded. Saw George H. Corbet of Philada who is with the Engineer & Construction Corps, & is working on the R.R. bridge. Wrote 1 Letter home.

Wednesday, 14th - Rainy & Disagreeable. To prevent the rain from coming on us we spread our guns inside, thus making an excellent ceiling. Wrote 2 letters

Camp Curtin

Thursday, May 15th - The weather is still unsettled, raining almost constantly. Some of the boys have wet beds to sleep on, but we fare very well in our cedar hut. In the afternoon it having ceased raining I walked a short distance down the river, & saw the remains of several large steamboats which had been burnt by the enemy to prevent them from falling into our hands.

Friday, 16th - Clear and Pleasant. Camped named Camp Curtin. Received 1 Letter.

Saturday, 17th - Fine Clear Weather. Nothing much going on in camp. Rumors of an advance across the river shortly freely circulated in camp.

New Arms Review

Sunday, May 18th, 1862 - Clear and Warm. Preaching by the Chaplain in the Morning, and we were also favored with an address from a member of the 90th Regt. The balance of the day has been a busy day with us. We are being thoroughly equipped for immediate action. The Regiment received 86000 rounds of ammunition, & we also received new muskets and accoutrements. Our muskets or rifles are of the Enfield pattern. Wrote 2 letters.

Monday, 19th - Changeable with rain during the night.

Tuesday, 20th - Clear and warm. Genl McDowell reviewed Ords Division to day.

Wednesday, 21st - Clear and Warm. Overcoats packed up and sent to Washington. Preparing for the conflict [bottom line cut off]

Reviewed by the President

Thursday, May 22nd - Changeable with rain. Decorated our camp with cedar trees, giving it an inviting & picturesque look. Shields division arrive from the valley & encamp about a mile from us

Friday, 23rd - Warm and Clear. McDowells grand Division was reviewed to day by President Lincoln. The troops were all marshalled on a large plain & the arrival of the President was heralded with salvos of artillery, beating of drums & the cheers of the men. As the reviewers passed down the line each band performed some martial air, such as "Hail to the Chief" etc. The President was everywhere greeted with the most unbounded enthusiasm. Slight shower during the night.

Saturday, 24th - Rain. Received dog or shelter tents. Some of the boys were so eager to live in their new houses that they pulled down their A tents & put up these shelters.

Not on to Richmond, but to Acquia Creek

Sunday, May 25th, 1862 - Warm and sultry. Recd marching orders. Struck tents at 3 P.M. & took up the line of march for Acquia Creek, much to our disappointment, as we confidently expected to cross the river & march down and join McClellan in front of Richmond. And who can tell what a reinforcement of 25000 men would have done at Richmond in the 7 days fighting. After 7 hours hard marching in the broiling sun & with heavy knapsacks on our back, we reached Acquia at 10 PM. Nearly all the men gave out on the march, owing to the excessive heat, but I kept my place in ranks. We threw ourselves on the grass & slept soundly until the first streak of light in the east. The distance was about 15 or 16 miles.

Monday, 26th - Clear & Warm. Took transportation & steamed up to Washington & then back to Alexa: where the troops debarked, marched through the city & in the night took the cars from Manassas. Reached the Junction at Midnight, got off the cars & slept around loose. We had travelled about 70 miles today.

At Manassas To the Valley

Tuesday, 27th May - Clear and Pleasant. At Manassas Junctn we find everything in dire confusion, the enemy having driven our forces back a day or two before. We pitched our tents in the morning on the plains of Manassas near the brick house.

Wednesday, 28th - Clear and Pleasant. In the afternoon our little army struck tents, and amid the strains of martial music, the waving of flags, as the emblem of our country proudly fluttered & unfolded it self to the rays of the sinking sun, & the flashing of thousands of bayonets; we took up our march for the Shenandoah Valley, to strike a blow at that daring rebel, Jackson, who is chasing poor Banks up the valley. As the column spread its serpentine folds out it was a magnificent sight to behold it. The sunbeams danced merrily on the flashing & glistening bayonets of the advancing host, while the Soldiers heart was cheered by the sweet music from the different bands, & the stars & stripes fluttered gaily at the head

On the March

of the respective regiments. All for the Valley. We numbered about 9000 men, 3 Brigades. We marched till night threw his sable cloud around us when we bivouacked in the fields about 6 miles from our starting place. Wrote 2 letters before starting

Thursday, 29th - Sultry Weather & very hot. Resumed the line of march at daylight & marched through Haymarket & Thorofare Gap: a pass in the Carter Mountains or Bull run mountains as they are more generally known. Halted and pitched tents at 3 P.M. on the west side the Gap. Having marched about 20 miles. Large quantities of clothing thrown away during the day. The marching is so hard that all surplus clothing has to go. Gainesville to Broad Run by R.R. 7 miles

Friday, 30th - Very hot in the morning but heavy rain in the afternoon & all night. Resumed the march at 6 a.m. & marched through White Plains & Salem & halted near Oak Hill. B R to Delaplain 18 M

After Stonewall

Sam Jeffries, Jesse Tyson & myself being off the detail for picket were left in camp & we made a raid upon a fine flock of sheep & caught 2 which we dressed and brought into camp & boiled

Saturday, 31st - Changeable with rain. Resumed the line of march at daylight. Left our Knapsacks at Piedmont prepatory to making a forced march. I took out my gun, but some the men took nothing out, we then passed through Markham & at dark reached Manassas Gap & passed through this dangerous passage. A false step on the slippery track would have dashed a person down a fearful gully many hundred feet deep. However we crossed the mountains in safety & reached Ft Royal about Midnight, foot sore & entirely worn out & throwing ourselves down on the wet grass slept till morning, while it rained incessantly on us. Marched about 30 miles, Delaplain to Ft Royal 17 miles.

In line of Battle. Shields Div

Sunday, June 1st, 1862 - Rainy and slushy. In the morning we resumed the line of march and tramped through Front Royal. We then marched across the Shenandoah River, near the junction of the 2 forks, & formed into line of battle, while the Artillery hurriedly galloped into position, for we expected an attack from Jackson immediately, whose forces were only a short distance from us, passing up the valley. But no attack was made & Genl Shields soon arrived at the head of his Division in pursuit of the retreating foe. The men cheered the hero of Winchester lustily, as He & his brave boys passed by on the double quick. McDowell instead of cooperating with Shields went into camp – hence the disaster at Mount Jackson. We found some flour at some deserted camps & also fresh meat, laying on the ground. The meat was strongly scented & had inhabitants, also but we were short of rations & the Meat & flour was very acceptable.

Camping without Tents

Monday, June 2nd - Very Heavy Rain Storms. Being minus of blankets and tents, we suffer greatly from exposure to the rain. We are also short of rations, having only a very small allowance per day. 5 Crackers pr day & 3 spoonfulls of Coffee and 3 spoonfulls of sugar & a small piece of pork for the 3 days rations. Sometime our rations had to last us 5 days.

Tuesday 3rd - Heavy Rain Storms. In the morning the bridge over the right branch of the Shenandoah was washed away & fell with a tremendous crash. Several daring Soldiers rushed across it, even while it was tottering & trembling and ready to fall.

Soldiers Fare

Wednesday, June 4th, 1862 - Rainy & Chilly. It is extremely unpleasant to sleep out in the rain, such nights as these, but "what cant be cured must be endured". It being unsafe for us to remain over the river while the bridge was in such danger we were ordered to cross in the morning. Stones had already been placed on the bridge to keep it down, & we went over one by one to keep the bridge from swinging. Reached the opposite side safely & as we had no shelter, large numbers of the men slept in a large barn near by. The barn was so crowded that scarcely another man could get in. I found a place though, & if I was cold I was out of the rain. Ugh, but its unpleasant to shiver all night in the cold valley air such nights as these & no covers over us. No feather beds now. Nothing but cold hard plank with no soft side to it either.

Bridges Washed away

Thursday, June 5th - Rainy and Cloudy Weather. The passenger bridge was swept away by the current, & the timbers striking the Rail Road bridge it went also, with a tremendous crash. These bridges were all built by the Military, for the Rebs had destroyed all the old bridges. The knapsacks came up on the train to day. We went over to the Station & got them. Nearly all them were soaked through by the rain, but I found mine all hunky doory. We then returned to camp and pitched tents. We found it a real blessing to have even our little "doggies" once more.

Friday, 6th - Cloudy. Still in the woods seeking to make our selves comfortable in the wet.

Saturday, 7th - Changeable with rain. 2 Johnny Rebs pass by camp to day bound for Front Royal under guard.

Front Royal

Sunday, June 8th, 1862 - Weather Clearing up. Most time for it. The 26th New York Regt, which had gone over both branches of the river, came across to day in the scow. They fared rather hard while they were on the other side of Jordan, because they couldn't get any rations over to them. Mail arrives to day. Recd 2 letters. Was glad to hear from home, as I have had no letter since the 16th of May

Monday, 9th - Clear and Pleasant. This morning I having nothing else to do went down to Front Royal. It is a mean little place of some 1000 Inhabitants I presume. Built in a hollow with lofty Mountains around it, tis a romantic spot, but the people are intensely Seccesh.

Tuesday, 10th - Rainy and Chilly. White, Tyson and myself were on cattle guard to day. It is a bad day to be out in the rain. But it all goes in a life time.

Pay Day

Wednesday, June 11th - Fair and Clear. Spent a very disagreeable night last night. It rained and drizzled all night & it was extremely unpleasant to be up all night & exposed to such weather. The Paymaster visited us to day & not only paid us a visit, but paid us 2 months wages $26.00. Go on picket.

Thursday, 12th - Clear and warm. On Picket. Wrote 1 letter home

Friday, 13th - Changeable with Rain. On Picket. Mail arrives. Rec 2 & Wrote 1 Letter.

Sunday, 15th - Clear and Pleasant. We have been picketing along the banks of the river for the last 3 days. Bill Rose was down to the Sulter tent to day in his bare feet, and while there amused himself by kicking a piece of paper, which was wrapped up; around

Music in the Valley

with his toe. A companion picked the paper up and unfolding it, took out a $20.00 bill, much to Rose's astonishment. The different bands also vie with each other for the superiorityship. You can hear our band strike up of a calm evening & soon the 90 "Regiments" band will follow, & then the Sauer Kraut band of the 94th New York will strike up & the sheet Iron band of the 97th New York will also join in and across the fields may be heard the rich music of the 26th New York also. Then the men will shout, & the woods & quiet valleys will ring with the merry music & loud shouts of true sons of the Union. In the Morning it is pleasant to get up early and go down to the river and wash & fill up our canteens before we get our breakfast while the calls of the merry bugles call the men to roll call. Wrote 1 letter.

Monday, 16th - Very pleasant. Camp renovated and Streets laid out, in proper order. It is delightful camping in the forest.

To Manassas

Tuesday, June 17th - Clear and Warm. Recd Tea for the first time. The New Jersey Cavalry ford the river and passed on toward town. The Buck Tails also cross & go into camp.

Wednesday, 18th - Changeable with rain. In the service 9 mos. Recd Marching orders. Struck tents at daylight, and marched to the cars and laid there until dark. Started for Manassas at 9 P.M. The cars were over crowded & several of us had to sit in the door & let our pins hang out. Our guns we hung on the staple & once during the night while we were dozing the guns struck a rock & there wasn't any fun in it, but there wasn't an inch to spare between our legs & the rocks. Our guns were bruised & we came near loosing them. It was a dangerous ride and very uncomfortable.

Back where we Started from. Official deserters

Thursday, June 19th, 1862 - Changeable with rain. Arrived at Manassas Junction at about 3 o'clock in the morning. At daylight we pitched our tents on our old camp ground, but during the afternoon we moved further in the woods about 2 miles from the Junction. Mails arrive. Get 2 letters, Wrote 1.

Friday, 20th - Clear and Warm. Moved camp again this morning near some Rebel barracks. It is evident that our officers believe in "Marching along" for they have kept us changing and moving ever since we've been here. Hope they will get settled after while. Captains White, Sherman & Powell who had resigned sometime since, went home to day. Brave Soldiers they surely, when the hardships commence, then they resign and go home. Let them go. Wrote 1 letter.

Good Bye Band. Organization.

Saturday, June 21st - Clear and Pleasant. To day our magnificent band went home. Before they went, they played several splendid tunes, & then they departed amid the hearty cheering of the boys. The Company fund, which had been accumulating for some time was distributed to day. It was 59₵ pr man.

Sunday, 22nd - Fair and Clear, during the day, but light rain during the night. Recd 1 package & 1 letter.

Monday, 23rd - Very heavy Thunder storms. Camp called Camp Ricketts. Genl Ricketts is our Brigadier & Genl Ord our Division Genl while McDowell commands. Genl Ord having had a dispute with McDowell at Front Royal has resigned. Ord wished to pursue Stonewall, while McDowell did not - hence hot words passed between them.

Blackberries & Cherries

Thursday, June 24th, 1862. - Clear and Pleasant. Genl Ricketts assumes command of the Division and Genl Tower commands the Brigade. General Ord takes with him the good will and well wishes of all men recently under his command. As a brave, talented & sociable man; the Army could boast of few superior to Major General E. O. C. Ord. Wrote 1 letter.

Wednesday, 25th - Clear with Strong Wind. Davy Gillmore, Bob Jones, Nath White & myself were out on a foraging expedition after cherries. We came across some fine old trees at a farm some 3 or 4 miles distant & kindly helped ourselves to all we needed and stringing long sticks full, we carried some in camp also. Blackberrys are also plenty. Sometimes if we can stumble across a milk cow, then we have blackberrys & milk. Sword presented to Lt. Col. McLean by the line [part of last line cut off] in the evening.

On Picket

Thursday, June 26th - Clear and Pleasant. Our party went berrying again to day. We were successful in our searches & got plenty fruit. We stopped in a farm house in our rambles and got some bread and milk, for which we paid 25₵ each.

Friday, 27th - Clear and Warm. Detailed for guard to day. Generally we guard every 4 or 5 days. On 24 hours at a time & 2 hours on post & 4 off. Recd & Wrote 1 letter.

Saturday, 28th - Cloudy Weather. Co. I detailed for picket. The squad I was in went down & crossed over Bull Run bridge & made a station at Union Mills on the banks of the famous Bull Run. Slept under a car, on a switch all night, but the heavy trains thundering by not 6 ft. from our heads made our slumbers [rest of last line cut off]

Description of Bull Run

Sunday, June 29th, 1862 - Cloudy. Bull Run is a muddy creek about 40 ft wide, but in some places quite deep & much wider. All along the R.R. (orange & Alexandria) are rifle pits, breastworks & forts, thrown up by the enemy, who however, abandoned them on the approach of the boys in blue. On some hills large forts have been erected at the cost of much labor, though the works were very ordinary structures & defenses; some of them only a fortification by name. There are thousands of huts around also, which the Rebel Army were quartered in. Government has seized on to the wood & taking it for Cord Wood. Some of the towns (they looked like little towns) were burned and smoked by the fire, for our boys had set some of them on fire, & if the fire once got under full headway, nothing could top it. There was lots of Cake Rutlers at the junctions & new buildings are rapidly taking the place of those destroyed by the graybacks. Returned from Picket & Presented Leiut. Schell a sword, sash & belt from m the members of Co I.

Monday June 30th - Clear and Warm. Regiment Muster. After the muster we went berrying.

[Sketch "Camp of Cameron Light Guard"]

Marching Orders. Warrenton.

Friday, July 4th, 1862 - Very hot and Sultry. Much to our surprise, at day break we received marching orders & in a few minutes all was activity throughout the different camps. The bugles called the men up & the shrill sound of the fife and drum, soon joined in the reville. We started at 11 a.m. & marching over to the junction left our knapsacks on the cars & then took up the line of march south. Reached Gainsville at dark & went into camp having come about 17 miles. We got our knapsacks at the Station. That's the way I spent my 4th.

Saturday, 5th - Hot and Dry. Struck tents at 6 am and resumed the line of march in the direction of Warrenton. Marched through New Baltimore & Buckland, small country villages. Forded Broad Run, a shall [shallow?] but swift stream of water some 2-3 ft dp. The marching was very severe. We suffered most from water, for a person could drink almost constantly beneath this burning Southern sun [bottom line of page cut off]

Marching Along

Sometimes we would get orders to halt & rest – but just as we layd our tired bodies down & wipe the dust & sweat from our heated faces, we would get the order to "fall in" & in we went & on through the dust & heat 4 or 5 miles more, before another 5 minutes rest was granted. Some of the men would fall out wherever they felt like it, but its bad policy. I suffered greatly from my knapsack straps, which cut my shoulder so that I could scarcely rise to my feet. We passed through Warrenton with drums beating, flags & colors flying & sweat pouring. The People graciously turned out to look at the Yanks. We marched 2 mile beyond Warrenton & then encamped. The marching was terribly severe. When we halted only 12 men were left in the Company, all the rest had dropped out exhausted. Col George made himself red & warm by a speech he made, anathemizing the stragglers. And praising the boys who held out.

Climbing Trees. Bug in my ear.

Sunday, July 6th, 1862 - Hot and Sultry. Still in camp. Warrenton is a splendid place of some 7 or 800 people I presume. The country around about is the best part of Virginia that I have yet saw. Recd 2 letters.

Monday, 7th - Very Warm and Oppressive. Showers at night. On guard at the Commissarys. Weighed 143 lbs. Wrote 1 letter. Genl Tower in instructing the pickets said they should climb a tree occasionally to see if there were any Rebs convenient.

Tuesday, 8th - Clear and hot. Dull, dull, dull.

Wednesday, 9th - Clear and Warm. In the evening while going after water, I got a bug in my ear. The derned thing flew into my ear & endeavoring to extricate him only pushed him further in. I pity all people who gets bugs in their ears for I can sympathize with them.

How climbing trees worked

Thursday, 10th July - Changeable with showers. Company went on picket. Feasted on delicious red cherries & large mellow black berrys. Genl Tower visiting the pickets found some of Co. A's men laying around loose reprimanded them. It is against orders to take any equipments off while you are on duty, but some of Co A. had all their equipments off, while it being excessively warm, one scamp was up the cherry tree, divested of those garments generally called pants. In this plight the Genl found him, but he said he was watching for rebs according to the Generals instructions. General couldn't see it, but rode off disgusted. Recd 1 letter & 19 stamps.

Friday, 11th - Clear Weather. Return from picket.

A furore among the Beeves

Saturday, July 12th, 1862 - Warm and Clear. A member of Co A Reprimanded by the Colonel for misconduct. Wrote 3 letters.

Sunday, 13th - Warm and Sultry. Regimental inspection, and prayers by the Chaplain. Wrote 2 letters.

Monday, 14th - Clear and Pleasant. On guard at the cattle pens. At about 9 P.M. the 94th Regiment – drum corps suddenly led off on the Catts. This scared the cattle who jumping up were soon out of sight and hearing. We searched for them till Mid Night, all through the neighbourhood, but being unsuccessful returned and lay down to get a little sleep. Wrote 2 letters.

On Picket

Tuesday, July 15th - Changeable with Rain. In the morning we tracked the cattle for about a mile & there we found them & returned them back safely.

Wednesday, 16th - Changeable Weather. Nothing stirring. Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 17th - Very heavy Rain. The tents flooded and most the men drowned out. Our tent was all right though

Friday, 18th - Heavy Rain. Company goes on picket.

To Waterloo

Saturday, 19th July, 1862 - Cloudy Weather. Come off picket. Regiment moves tents for the 3rd time since we have been here. Some of our officers are like old scratching roosters, never at rest.

Sunday, 20th - Clear and Pleasant. Regimental Inspection. Prayer by Chaplain.

Monday, 21st - Clear and Nice. We had music to day. The cannon of a neighbourhood battery practiced loading & firing.

Tuesday, 22nd - Rainy Weather. Struck tents at 10 a.m. and marched down to Waterloo, about 8 miles distant, on the right fork of the Rappahannock.

In camp

Wednesday, July 23rd - Rainy and Cloudy. Our whole Division – consisting of Hartsuffs, Duryeas & Towers Brigades are all encamped here, also the 1st Maine Cavl numbering about 8 or 9000 effective men. Seigel and his Army, are at Little Washington some 15 miles from us, toward the Mountains. Recd 1 letter.

Thursday, 24th - Changeable Weather. Moved camp from a good location on a hill - to an old stump hollow where the underbrush has to be cleared off before we can pitch our tents. Water is also very scarce. Sometimes we have to drink thick muddy water, or go ½ mile after other. We have Company Cooks, who cook for the whole Company. Rec 1 & wrote 1 letter.

Friday, 25th - Clear. Nothing Stirring in Camp. Wrote 1 Letter.

False alarm

Saturday, July 26th - Changeable Weather. Company detailed for Picket. During the night I stood post from 12 to 1 beneath a large oak. It rained & consequently we were all wet, but managed to get rails & by laying on them kept our bodies off the ground. Soon after I was relieved the man who relieved me discharged his piece. In a moment all was confusion among the Reserve, but in half a minute we were in line & ready for action. The officer of the Guard picked 3 men to go with him to reinforce the post & ascertain the cause of the alarm. Tyson, myself & another were chosen & when we approached the post the picket halted us, & demanded the countersign. Leut. had forgotten it & the others didn't know it, so I approached & whispered "Trenton" & it was right. The picket stated he saw men lurking in the bushes. Well we looked & groped around in the bushes. Well we looked & groped around in the dark but finding nix to alarm us, returned back to the reserve. There was considerable firing to night.

Bathing

Sunday, 27th July - Clear and Pleasant. Co. relieved from picket.

Monday, 28th - Clear and Warm. We go down to the river every day to bathe. It is a healthy exercise & one in which all the men participates in. There stands by the river the walls of Liberty Mills which had been manufacturing cloth for the rebs, but which has been destroyed by our Cavalry. Weighed 141 lbs. Recd 1 & Wrote 2 letters.

Tuesday, 29th - Clear and Warm. Capt. Knabbs & Dr Seltzers resignations read out before the Regt. at Dress parade. Sgt. Morris of Co G. reprimanded by the Colonel. Wrote 1 letter

Wednesday, 30th - Changeable with Rain. Detailed for Cattle guard.

In a corner

Thursday, July 31st - Clear and warm. During the night the cattle broke the fence and 34 head skedadled. At daylight we discovered their escape & dividing off into parties gave chase. White & myself got on their trail & tracked them over a range of mountains down into a farm yard about 3 mile from camp. We two were alone & having no arms were afraid to take them – for fear the farmers would overpower & shoot us. We held a council of war & determined to bring the cattle off at all hazards. So to make the men believe we were armed White got a corn cob & sticking it under his blouse in his pants, it looked like a pistol in his belt. I put one in my inside pocket & keeping my hand on it, why it looked like as if I had a pistol too. We then marched up & drove the cattle away, and we were not molested by anyone. We come away as fast as we could, & when we got about a mile on our way we met some more of the guard & we took the cattle in. Coming by a wealthy mans house we went in and wanted to buy something to eat –

Pay when we come back

for we were hungry, we had no breakfast. They denied us anything, but if we had been armed we would not have taken a refusal. We went into another house soon, & got bread & milk. The old man boasted that he had a son in the Rebel Army, but didn't want to talk politics. When we were done he presented his bill, 25₵ each. None of us had much cash along. White had a bogus quarter. I had a dime, & I believe that was all. We paid him what we had, and told him when we come around that way we would stop in & see him. He looked black, but kept still. Returned to Camp & recd 2 letters.

The Great Genl Pope

Friday, August 1st, 1862 - Clear Weather. Genl Pope having assumed Command of all the Scattered forces in this section of the country – issued several important orders – about subsisting on the country &c. His forces consist of Ricketts, Siegels & Banks Division, numbering probably 25,000 men. To day he reviewd us, and complimented us on our fine & martial bearing. Wrote 4 letters.

Saturday, 2nd - Clear and hot. Captain Stretch takes command of Co I. Recd 2 & wrote 1 letter.

Sunday, 3rd - Clear and hot. Company I goes on Picket. Wrote 2 letters.

March March along

Monday, 4th Aug. - Very hot and sultry. Company relieved from picket. Recd 2 months pay $26.00. Received marching orders.

Tuesday, 5th - Very hot and close. Struck tents before daylight, and at the first streak of light took up the line of march for Culpepper. It has been very hard marching to day. We passed through Jeffersonville & saw a great many girls at that place looking at us. We bivouacked in the fields at night – having made only about 9 miles.

Wednesday, 6th - Hot & Dusty. Resumed the line of march at daylight & marched until 4 o'clock when we halted a short distance from Culpepper. Water is hard to obtain on these marches. Oh what would I often give for a glass of cold sparkling water, fresh from the old pump at home.

Battle of Cedar Mountain

Thursday, August 7th, 1862 - Hot & Sultry. Nothing stirring.

Friday, 8th - Hot and Sultry. Struck tents in the afternoon and marched beyond Culpepper.

Saturday, 9th - Very hot & dry. The Battle of Cedar Mountain was fought to day. Stonewall Jackson advanced across the Rapidan, and driving the cavalry before him took up a position on Cedar Mountain, 9 miles from Culpepper. Genl Banks Div. passed through Culpepper in the morning & passing us attacked the Rebel Position. A fierce battle then commenced. The Enemy had the advantage of position & although our troops charged again & again, yet each time they were pushed back with frightful [last line of page cut off]

Fire Works

Some of the Regiments were almost destroyed and at dark the enemy advanced his lines and we were ordered up. Our position was in a hollow & on one side the ravine was the enemys battries & on the opposite side was ours. As we took our position there was a lull in the conflict. Soon a rebel gun sent its deadly missive over our heads to the hill behind us. A reply from our Cannoniers told us that they were all there. Then another & another rebel cannon sent its death dealing missives, screaming over our heads, but now the Union Artillery replies. The thunder of the cannon were awful while the screaming & groaning of the Solid Shot & Shells was appalling. Yet there we lay interested spectators of the fearful duel. Screened by the mantel of night the enemy knew not of our presence but if they had dared to advance they would have met a warm reception from the boys in blue. Soon the Rebel guns ceased firing & retreated one by one, while the Union Cannon belched forth its thunder faster & faster – till there was no rebel left to answer. Out regt lost only 2 men & So ended the battle of [part of last line cut off] Cedar Mountain.

Brave Boys were they

Sunday, August 10th, 1862 - Changeable with rain. In the morning the enemy had gone. They had retreated during the night & safely crossed the Rapidan. Large numbers of wounded are being brought into Culpepper. All the churches have been taken as hospitals.

Monday, 11th - Rainy. Laying in the woods

Tuesday, 12th - Rain. Rain. Rain. Company I on picket.

Wednesday 13th - Clear & Moderate. Visited the Battle field & saw the graves of the Union men who fell in the fray. Their bodies lay mouldering on the battle field, but far away in their Northern homes [last line of page cut off]

On the Rapidan

who have their last charge, & fell with their face to the foe, but theres a vacant chair somewhere. They are missed from some happy fireside & they quietly sleep the sleep of death – with their forms mangled & torn by the balls of the foe & they know not of the grief & the sorrow that pervades many, many, hearts far far away. But they are gone – gone – : they will never worship in the Church of their native home again nor greet kind friends as they did once. May they rest in peace.

Thursday, 14th - Changeable with rain. Charley McCoy & 3 new recruits join the Ret. Wrote 2 letters.

Friday, 15th - Clear and hot. Struck tents, marched to the Rapidan & encamped in the woods. Passed Blenkers & many other troops on the road. Rebel graves are thickly strewn all along the road.

[Sketch: "Repulse of Genl Banks at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862"]

Popes Retreat

Saturday, August 16th - Clear and Warm. This afternoon we had Batillion drill in sight of the reb. pickets, who are posted on the high hills on the opposite side of the river.

Sunday, 17th - Clear & Scorching. In the everning we struck tents and marched over to Mitchell Station, where we encamped. Mail arrives. Rec 2 & wrote 1 letter.

Monday, 18th - Hot and Sultry. Recd orders to hold ourselves in readiness to march at a moments notice. So at dark we struck tents & building large fires – then commenced.

Popes Retreat from the Rapidan

We marched to Cedar Mountain in the utmost silence. A person 10 yards distant would little dream that an army of many thousasnds was passing in the darkness so near him. [last line of writing cut off]

Death of Hudson. Fall Back.

while cutting away the R. R. Bridge over Cedar Run, Lieut Harry Hudson of Co C. was mortally injured by the premature falling of the bridge.

Thursday, (Tuesday) 19th - Cold & chilly in the Morning but very hot the rest of day. At daylight we were drawn up in line of battle on the old Cedar Mtn, battle ground, expecting the Rebels to cross Racoon ford in pursuit. They not appearning we resumed the line of march & marching through Culpepper made for Rappahannock Station. Night overtook us before we reached the river and the roads were in a horrible condition for there was deep holes & large stones in it all along. Frequently some one would fall & in some cases serious injuries were received. If a man fell out & slept by the road side all night (as many did) they were a sure candidate for Rebel prisons, for our rear guard was not far behind & the Enemy advance was close on to them. We were also short of rations & were forced

Exchanging Compliments

to pick up pieces of crackers to eat & appease our hunger. Reached the Rappahannock at Mid Night & crossed, having marched 25 miles from our starting point. Lieut. Hudson died.

Wednesdsay, 20th - Clear and Warm. Lieut Hudson buried. Detailed to dig entrenchment on opposite side of the river. Short of rations & sufferd much from hunger. We had fresh meat, minus salt or fat. Mail arrives, get 2 letters.

Thursdsay, 1st - Clear and Warm. About 10 in the morning the Johnnies opened on us from 3 battries. The shell came whistling & screaming pretty thick & caused some confusion among the workmen. Our battries soon opened & silenced the rebel cannoniers. The Rebs are quite near us. Their pickets are all mounted and in full view.

A horrible Sight. A narrow escape.

A member of Co I, 11th Reg. P.V. while coming to a shoulder – from an order – accidently caught the hammer of his gun in his leggins & blew the whole side of his face off. It was a horrible ghastly sight to see. You could see all his brains but still he lingered an hour before he died. Recrossed the river & rejoined our Regt. who were supporting Halls Battrey. Livery firing all day.

Friday, 22 - Changeable with Rain. We are not allowed to kindle any fire in the woods, for fear the Greybacks will shell us. I came near being minus of a head while going for water. I saw a spent cannon ball coming my way, and politely nodded to it – and it was well I did, for if I didn't this book would be finished here, & there would have been one more Soldier Grave on the banks of the Rappahannock.

Shelling the woods. On the Retreat

Saturday, August 23rd - Changeable with heavy rains. The greybacks shelled the woods which we were in to day. The shells bursted all around us and killed 1 & wounded several. Co. H who were on picket got the benefit of the ball too. Several of their men were wounded. In the afternoon we marched over by the R.R. prepatory to a retreat. The Penna. Reserves pass by in the heaviest rain storm ever I beheld. At dark we set the bridge on fire & commenced to retreat. The mud was so thick & stiff that it actually tore my shoe off my feet, for I couldn't extract my foot out the mud, so I had to plod along with only 1 shoe. It was awful marching through the mud and slush, for we were mud up to the knees. Marched about 10 miles & halted at 2 o'clock & slept till daylight.

Lee amusing Pope

Sunday, August 24th, 1862 - Changeable Weather. Resumed the line of march at daylight, marched slowly for about 2 miles, when hearing brisk cannonading in our rear, we about faced & came back some distance & waited a spell. The cannonading was Sigel fighting the Rebs on the Rappahannock somewhere. We soon about faced & again resumed our retreat in the direction of Warrenton. Halted on the Culpepper road for the night. Shoes played out, no rations & hard marching. Who wouldn't be a Soldier. This isn't like being a Home Guard. Marched about 15 miles to day.

Monday, 25th - Clear and hot. very hot. March over the hills & change position to a new place about 3 miles distant. Reno's Division march by. Company I detailed for picket.

Awful hungry. Retreating.

Tuesday, August 26th - Hot Dry and dusty. Came off picket at daybreak & as soon as we got in camp we took up the line of march for some new point. Genl Sigel had a severe battle with the enemy and we were ordered to reinforce him. We marched down the Sulpher Springs road, but finding Sigel could handle the rebs we halted in the woods. After a while we took up the march for Warrenton, and marched slowly & wearily on. We've had no rations now since Saturday, and are very hungry & weary. Many of the men gave out, being unable to stand it any longer. Marched about 10 miles.

Wednesday, 27th - Hot and dusty. Resumed the line of march in the afternoon. Marched slowly until we reached Warrenton. Then we quickened our steps and marched hard till 2 in the morning when we halted at New Baltimore, having marched some 10 miles.

Genl Popes great Mistake

Thursday, August 28, 1862 - Hot and dusty. Resumed the line of march at daylight. Marched daylight to Haymarket; a small country town, and leaving our knapsacks there, marched out to Thoroughfare Gap. Longstreet was trying to get through here to join Jackson, who is now at Manassas Junction, kicking up the devil generally among the Union Armys stores. We had a brisk fight of ½ an hours duration here & succeeded in keeping the Enemy in check. This is my 3rd battle. At dark we marched back to Haymarket and taking our knapsacks still went marching on. Halted at Gainsville at Midnight. Made about 22miles. I got separated from the Company, but laid down a long side a fence, while the troops bivouacked, in an adjoining field.

Friday, 29th - Hot, dry and dusty. When I awoke, the sun was high in the heavens, and of the many thousand troops who had been in the adjoining field, not one of them was not to be seen !!!

Retrograding

I looked around in astonishment to find myself alone & dreaded capture for I know the Greybacks would soon be here. I hastily slung my knapsack & shouldering my trusty rifle, made tracks, in quick time. I soon saw some Artillery & in the course of a few hours overtook the retreating column. We passed, I presume 100 quarters of fresh, dressed beef, thrown in the middle of the road from the wagons. We marched to Greenwhich & hence to Manassas junction, having made as we supposed a complete circuit of the Rebel Army. When we reached Manassas we were tired and hungry. We went around among the old camps, picking up all the little pieces of crackers we could find, and were glad to get them too. Heavy firing heard in the direction of Bull Run. In the afternoon we marched over to the Old Bull Run battled field and bivouacked here for the night. The Rebels we learn had been worsted in to days battle here. Made 15 miles.

Battle of Bull Run

Saturday, Aug 30th, 1862 - Hot. Dry and Dusty. In the morn we were massed on the right. There were many thousand men there. I saw Genl Kearney leaning on a cannon carelessly writing with a pencil. Genl Ricketts wife was also on the field, the same heroic woman who went to Richmond Prison with her husband. The men were much fatigued however, and completely worn out. Many had no shoes, and all were tired and weary from loss of sleep & rest for many days in succession. To sum it up we were in no condition to fight a great battle. At noon we thought the enemy had retreated & started to make a reconnaissance toward Gainsville. We had not marched far (first piling our knapsacks up) before the Enemy, who had been massing his men, suddenly attacked our army. The storm bust on us suddenly & furiously & thus observed the terrific battle of 2nd Bull Run. We were immediately [last line of page cut off]

Like sheep led to the Slaughter

double quicked to the scene of action. If we had been taken in on common time our ranks would not have been broken, but many of the men could not keep up & the ranks consequently were broken & as a matter of course the whole Brigade was thrown into confusion. As we were going up we saw one of Genl Towers best aids dying under an old apple tree. He had been shot through the bowels and the stamp of death was already upon his noble brow. Brave fellow, we felt for him, but we did not know which one of us would be the next to take the fearful leap into eternity. As we went up the cannon balls flew thick around and among us, throwing the ground up high into the air in clouds of dust. Some of our men began to fall already, while the Zouaves (5 & 10 N York) were coming off the field in scores – bloody & torn & wounded mostly. On, On we went, and at last we were face to face with our deadly foes. One regiment of Rebels we almost annihilated & forced to flee; But they had batteries placed in commanding positions

A fearful & desperate Stand

and these raked our brave, devoted columns and men fell by scores. A Union battery came to assist us, they unlimbered, but the horses becoming wounded and frightened dashed madly away & the guns were without ammunition. And now the Rebels are charging us. They come one with horrid yells, but we give them yell for yell & shot for shot. Oh it is a fearful, sickening scene. Our brave General falls wounded form his horse & Lieut Col McLean is mortally wounded while Capt Belsterling placing himself at the head of his company gives the command "Charge". But a ball struck him in the face & he fell dead at the head of his company, while commingled with the yells of defiance & the command of the leaders, is the hoarse booming of the cannon, the rattle of musketry & the terrible screaming & shrieking & bursting of the shells scattering death and wounds around. And the cries of the dying & wounded too pleading for assistance. But we let our brave comrades plead in pain, for we turn

Defeated

again face the foe. But it is a useless stand we are making. The cannon of the enemy is making fearful havoc in our ranks and we are forced back step by step fighting for every inch of ground which is dyed with the blood of our comrades. Now the enemy attempt to take our cannon. A Colonel jumps on a piece and waving his sword calls for his Southern legions to follow him. But he falls beneath the unerring aim of a Northern Marksman & the Color bearer equally as brave and rash, plants the hated rag of seccession on our own cannon but he pays for his rashness with his life. But they take the cannon & we were forced back further and further. At last we retire from the field, it is useless to resist longer, & retreat to Centreville. So ended our part of the battle. I saw one heroic action especially which I will notice. A color Sergeant of one of the Pa Regts seeing the men falling back rushed forward and planting his colors some 20 ft in advance of the line of battle, and laying flat on

Losses

his stomach, proudly waved his flag in the face of the advancing foe. Finding himself liable to capture, he got up and safely ran back to his Regiment, while hundreds of balls went whistling around him. Our Regiment lost over 200 men. Lt. Col. Jos A. McLean – as brave an officer as ever lived was killed, so was Cap. Belsterling of Co C; a brave old Mexican Campaign Soldier. Of our own Company, we lost Killed Corporal Robt Jones & Joseph Rutherford Wounded Chas McCoy, Chas Miller, Chas Murtha, Capt J.S. Stretch, Gilbert Cowan, Jas S Miller, Reuben B. Sanders & John Campbell. So ends my 4th battle.

Reorganizing

Sunday, 31st August - Rainy & Cold. Reorganized at Centreville. Advanced and took a position in the woods expecting an attack. Great numbers of wounded pass by.

[Sketch: "The March to Chantilly"]

Chantilly

Monday, Sept 1st, 1862 - Very heavy rain. The Enemy we learned was making an attempt to penetrate our lines at Chantilly, so in the Morning we formed in column. Marched to the battle of Chantilly. When we reached the scene of action the fighting had commenced, so we formed in line in the woods & making our battries, waited for the attack. We had passed strong bodies of troops all along the road in line of battle and it would have been impossible for the Enemy to have broken our line. Some of the Officers also rode along the line and exhorted us to stand firm, and we resolved to fight as desperate men & win the victory or die in the field. The attack came. Genl Kearney & Genl Stevens & many brave men fell, but the Rebel Army were hurled back in disorder and defeat. At night it rained and we were forced to lay in the woods without shelter, we having lost our knapsacks at Bull Run. No fire was allowed us & we suffered much.

Fall in

Tuesday, Sept 2nd - Clear and Warm. Came out of the woods in the afternoon & marching through Fairfax proceeded to Halls Hill to encamp. We needed rest for our shoes were played out. I had a pair on but they hadn't much soul to 'em, & some of the men had none whatever.

Wednesday, 3rd - Clear and Warm. Very chilly in the night and we having no blankets suffer much from the cold.

Thursday, 4th - Warm Weather. The enemy shelled our wagon train out at Falls Church & the wagons come skedaddling in on the double quick. A large body of troops proceeded out there but their services were not needed.

Off to Maryland. A gloomy march

Friday, Sept 5, 1862 - Very Warm. Streets laid out & camp renovated. Mail arrives. Rec 4 Letters. This is the 1st mail we have had since the 20th of August

Saturday, 6th - Hot and Dry. At sunset we very unexpectedly recd marching orders & at midnight or about 11 o'clock took up the line of march. We passed over the Potomac on through the Viaduct bridge & through Georgetown & thence through Washington. It was about Midnight when we marched through the Capitol & our hearts burned within us with indignation to think of the many blood thirsty leeches in this place who were greedily making money while defrauding the Government & we were sufferng incredible hardships & shedding our very life blood to maintain the Government they are preying off of. It was a gloomy sight to see the long dark column of men moving silently through the streets at Midnight while they spoke not a word & all was deep silence except the tramping of steady feet & the hoarse command of the officers [last line of page cut off]

Angels by the way

Sunday, September 7th - Hot and dusty. We marched all night long & on up through Maryland. The marching was so severe that I was compelled to fall out. Came up to the Regiment about 10 o'clock after having passed through Chrystal Springs where a couple of Philada Women gave some of us dinner. Co. I went on Picket.

Monday, 8th - September Weather. Chilly at night but hot in middle of day. While on picket we were made glad by the sight of fresh bread which was drawn to day. I could eat my little loaf right off without stopping. Came off picket in Evening.

Tuesday, 9th - Very hot and dusty. Resumed the line of mch at noon & marched on the Baltimore Pike. Halted at the ?11? mile stone having marched 9 miles. Halted at 11 P.M.

Loyal Maryland. A soft Bed.

Wednesday, Sept 10th, 1862 - Clear and Warm. Fell in to resume the mch at noon but the orders being countermanded are bivouacked in an adjoing field. There is a perceptible difference in the spirits and bearing of the men from what they were in Virginia. Here we are in a beautiful fertile Country, with loyal people whose friendship is marked – while in Virginia we were in a barren waste – made desolate by the ravages of war, & whose people were openly hostile to the Loyal Army.

Thursday, 11th - Changeable with rain. Resumed the line of march at 6 am & passed through the little villages of Mechanicsville, Brookville & Cooksville. Encamped in the woods a short distance beyond Cooksville. Feeling very ill I was forced to fall out of ranks & lay beside the road until I felt better. In the night I didn't go in the woods with the Regiment, but laid side a fence on some flat & soft rails all night & kept perfectly dry for my [last line of page is cut off]

Deliverers

Friday, Sept 12th - Changeable with Rain. Resumed the line of march at noon and marched through Lisbon, Poplar Springs & a great many other small towns. The rebel army has been this far & gathered up some few recruits in the neighbourhood. A spy was also chased and captured here. Bivouac in the fields at night. Marched some 12 miles.

Saturday, Sept 13th - Warm and dusty. Resumed the line of march at noon and marched through Ridgeville; No 4, New Market & Liberty all small places. Bivauac in the fields 2 mile from the city of Frederick. On this days march the men felt merry - singing most all the way. The people had felt the rule of the greyback & now the blue coat was doubly welcome. Oh it cheered our hearts to see the smiles of welcome beaming on us from every house by the way. Marched [rest of last line cut off]

Frederick. Battle South Mountain

Sunday, September 14th, 1862 - Clear and warm. Regt detached for wagon guard. Passed through Frederick; being a few miles in the rear of the brigade. Heavy firing heard on the advance. The people manifested great anxiety to learn the result of the battle now progressing out beyond Middletown. Frederick is radient with the starts and stripes. Nearly every house has the National emblem proudly floating from it. Its people are hospilat [sic] & generous, Loyal evidently to the core. In the afternoon the firing grew quite heavy and rapid out front & we were ordered up. We passed through Middletown & on toward the fray, but the night being intensely dark we had to lay in the fields till morning. For we could not find our way over the hills.

Forward. A hearty welcome.

Monday, Sept 15th - Warm and Dusty. Up at sunrise & off to find the brigade. Passed up the Mountain and over the battle field of South Mountain. Great numbers of the Rebel dead lay on the field. I wanted a pair of shoes, but could not muster up courage enough to take a pr off a row of dead rebs who lay "ghastly pale in death." Rejoined the Brigade & then start in pursuit of the retreating foe. The enemy had fled in great haste, along the pike toward Sharpsburg. At Boonsboro our reception by the citizens - both men and women – was of the most cheering description. They told us of the precepitate flight of the enemy & welcomed us as liberators & defenders of their place. Large tubs & buckets and pitchers of cool fresh water were standing at the doors for us, & as the thirsty & tired soldiers drank of the good peoples water, they resolved to protect them with their lives. Truly it is a grand and cheering sight to see the women waving their handkerchiefs & the men

In pursuit of the Enemy

grasping our hands and bidding us welcome with tears of joy. It cheers the men on & makes them feel they are now fighting for their very homes & to protect the ones they love. Halted awhile at Keedysville & then McClellan came along, attended by a large body guard and proceeded to the front. His appearance was the signal for the most enthusiastic description of cheering. As he rode along the line, all cheered him. Our own Corps too felt like fighting now. After the battle of Bull Run the men openly swore they would not fight under McDowell again & now Genl Hooker commands us. Large numbers of Johnnies – too, are brought in, who were found hiding away in the woods, stragling from their own army. In the distance the smoke of the cannon can be seen, while the booming of the guns tells us the Cavalry are at work. Away across can be seen, in the dim distance the blue hills of old Pennsylvania. Oh home, home, how my heart yearns for thee. Marched some 10 miles.

Foraging & Skirmishing

Tuesday, Sept 16th - Clear during the day, but slight rain at night. In the morning we lay on the right bank of Antietm Creek. I foraged a half a haversack full of sweet potatoes & had an excellent meal. In the afternoon the grand movement of troops commenced. We all knew we were on the eve of a great battle. Regiment after Regiment moved up & then away we went. The whole line moved forward to take position for the great conflict. The artillery shelled the woods to feel the enemys positon & the skirmishers moved cautiously along. Darkness still found us advancing. The enemy fired some cannon shots & a furious cannonade soon commenced. Every discharge light up the sky & showd surrounding objects with distinctness. Some of the shell came uncomfortably close to us, but no one was hurt out of our Regt. When the night had fully set in we advanced to take up our final positons. It was so dark that we could not see the man next to us, it was inky dark.

Wading in – Opening the Ball – Ankle deep

we groped around in the woods for some time, but had to catch hold of one anothers coats. I finally got lost & set down along side of a tree in despair & resolved to wait till morning. It was so dark, and we had to proceed with the utmost caution, as we were not more than 300 yards from the Enemy. So intensly dark was it that some of the rebel pickets were captured, they walking in our lines in mistake. In this way a whole relief was captured. They walked into our lines & innocently asked "what Regt. this was". They soon found out.

Wednesday, 17th - Cloudy Weather. To day was fought the bloody Battle of Antietam. Pen cannot write a description of the desperate scenes there enacted. They must be seen to be appreciated & to know how fearful was their character.

Knee deep

The Union Army advanced to the attack at daybreak. When I awoke up in the morning I found I was only a few feet from the Regt. Soon the order was "Fall In" "Shoulder Arms" "Right Shoulder Shift, arms" Forward March. On we went till we came to the edge of the woods. We had loaded & primed the evening before and now we were ready for action. When we reached the edge the woods the battle in our front had opened. The cannon balls fell & bursted around us, tearing the limbs off the trees & howling & shrieking as they went on their mad course. Soon the zip, zip, zip, of the musket ball sounded around our ears. We done an unnecessary amount of drilling I think going into action. First it would be "Forward guide Center" then "By the right flank" & then "Forward guide Center" again & then we would oblige to the left & so on, but there was no confusion all was orderly, & everyone was in his place not withstanding the balls & shells flew thickly round us. One shell exploded among us & another quickly followed, carrying death

All in

among the 88th but the fallen ones places were quickly filled up, and on, on we went. At last we stood at the front – & received the order to commence firing. Now the terrible scene commences in earnest. I need not tell of the fearful charges; - of the retreat of the foe; – of his counter charges; - of our own retreat; of the fierce fights & of the many brave men who fell in that fierce fray. All these facts are already known to the reader, through the medium of the newspapers. Many brave comrades fell on this battle field. A cannon ball broke a limb off a tree, & it falling on Jess Tyson killed him. Conlogue & MacNichol also fell, both killed and old messmates of mine. Major Gile was carried off the field severely wounded, as also was Captain Carmack of Co E. Capt Steeple Co C. – the successor of the gallant Belsterling was also wounded, & all the color guard was either killed or disabled. As for myself, I can say I am all left yer. Though struck thrice, yet my skin is not broken & by the goodness of the great ruler I am still spared.

Desperate Fighting

The fighting continued without intermission through the afternoon when by a magnificant charge, Antietam was Won. The ground was soaked with blood. The dead lay in heaps. But the Rebel loss far exceeded ours. At one time they formed their line in a sunken road, & our men charging on them got on their flanks, & mowed them down by hundreds. At another time the fighting was so desperate that the greybacks touched one end of our cannon & we had the other. We fought on the right, and under the eye of our gallant old leader – Hooker – who was wounded & finally compelled to leave the field. Now then if the pursuit had been kept up the splendid Army of Lee; no one doubts, would have been destroyed. The Citizens tell us that the Enemy fled through Sharpsburg in confusion, but we followed not. We soon went to the rear & got something to eat for we haven't had no breakfast, supper nor dinner yesterday.

Counting Noses

Company I lost. Killed: Jesse Tyson, P. Conlouge & J. Summerfield MacNichol. Wounded: L.R. Manaypenny [Manypenny], A. Learmont, N. White, J. Link, W.A. Boyd, G.R.C. McCleary, J.C. Rutherford & N.S. Auble. The Regiment lost some 110 men. So ends my 6th Battle.

Resting

Thursday, Sept 18th - Changeable with rain. In service 1 year. Laying in the woods on the battle field. The Rebel pickets are still in front of us, but why we don't move is a mystery. We are not certain that the enemy have fled, but he cannot be in our front in force or he would certainly make a demonstration. Rations of green coffee was issued to us to day. We had to roast it in tin pans & plates - & grind it in a cracker box with a cannon ball. There is a splendid spring back a short distance at a farm house. Most all the farmers have deserted their houses here & left while the battle was progressing. Some of their houses we burned by the bursting shells, but little damage was done by our soldiery though. Mail arrives Rec 2 letters. Working parties sent out to bury the dead.

Onward. Too late. Gone.

Friday, Sept 19th, 1862 - Clear and Warm. In the morning we marched in pursuit of the enemy, but I guess there isn't much danger of us overtaking them after giving them 1 day & 2 nights start. We went a couple of mile but their rear guard had fled at our approach, leaving flour & fresh meat behind them, &, something else too in great abundance, which we soon found out, after we had lain on the ground awhile. Encamped in the woods where the greyback had been. Wrote 4 letters.

Saturday, 20th - Clear & Warm - Septr. weather. Visited the battle field with White, & others. There are still immense numbers of dead laying around loose. It is sickening to behold them. Not more than half the rebels have been buried, and there are still thousands of them – some lying as they fell – in their life blood - & others who had been mortally wounded & had been laid out in long rows for the surgeon to visit – but they [pages 172 & 173 missing]

On Picket

Tuesday, 23d Sept. - Clear and Pleasant. Nothing Stirring

Wednesday, 24th - Changeable with Rain. Streets laid out and camp renovated

Thursday, 25th - Clear and Warm. On picket on the banks of the Potomac. The post I was is a rather dangerous one as 2 men have been shot there the 2 previous nights. Was relieved by Duryeas men in the night.

Friday, 26th - Clear and Warm. Visited the battle field with Dr MacNichol who had came on for the body of his son which he took home with him.

Resolutions of Respect

Saturday, 27 September, 1862 - Clear and Warm. At the request of Lieut Shell I drafted a set of resolutions in regard to the loss of our brave comrades at Bull Run & Antietam. They were published in the Phila Inquirer.

Sunday, 28th - Clear and Warm. We take advantage of the water & often go in bathing & also cross to the Virginia side of the river after Paw Paws.

Monday, 29th - Warm and Dry. Removed camp from the woods to the fields. In the evening we made a raid on a hay stack & supplied ourselves with hay.

Tuesday, 30th - Changeable with Rain. Finished the resolutions.

[Sketch: Antietam]

A tardy review

Wednesday, October 1st, 1862 - Changeable with Rain. Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 2nd - Very hot & Close. Called out to be reviewd by some high functionaries. Marched over, and formed in line on the battle field, but after waiting all day, we were dismissed & came back to camp.

Friday, 3rd - Very hot and Sultry. Again called out to be reviewd. Lay again, on a plowed field most all day in the hot sun. At last the President & McClellan came along & the tiresome ceremony was over. The sun affected me so that I could scarcely walk home after the performance was ended. All Hookers Corps was out. Some 15,000 men!

Sick

Clear and Warm. Had a sever attack of cramp this night. In great pain all night but my comrades rubbed my back with hot stones & that eased me some. Dr Shoemaker gave me pills – but Lieut Schell sent for Dr Hayes & he gave me Whiskey. Rec 1 letter & Wrote 8 before I was sick.

Saturday, 4th October - Changeable with rain. Dull in camp. I am not very well.

Sunday, 5th - Clear and Warm. Mail arrives. Recd 7 Letters.

Monday, 6th - Clear and Pleasant. We have miserable rations just now. Old musty & wormy hard tack. Pork & Fresh meat twice a week, a small allowance of sugar & coffee & rice & beans sometimes.

Tuesday, 7th - Absent Sick

Wednesday, October 8th, 1862 - Clear and Hot. Still very sick. My eyelids swelled up to such a size that I could scarcely see out of them.

Thursday, 9th - Clear & warm. Confined to my tent yet. Have no appetite for camp food. Corporal Gillmore got me a piece of bread & butter some wheres & I thought it was the best thing I had ever tasted.

Friday, 10th - Rainy Weather. Recovering from my sickness very slowly, but I am so weak that I can scarcely walk, & I lay in my tent all day.

Saturday, 11th - Cold & Winterlike. Suffer much from Cold. There are 3 of us in our little dog tent – Nath Auble, Davy Zellman & I & we only have 2 short blankets & they wont cover us. Rec 1 & Wrote 1 letter.

Convalescing

Sunday, Oct 12th - Cold & chilly. Preaching by Chaplain Clothier. The 136th P.V. a new regt – encamp near us. Wrote 1 letter.

Monday, 13th - Cold & Rainy. I haven;t improved much but slowly convalescing. Do not do any duty.

Tuesday, 14th - Autumn Weather. Brigade Inspection by Colonel Lyle.

Wednesday, 15th - Chilly Weather. Rec 1 letter

Thursday, 16th - Changeable with Rain. Still excused from duty. Wrote 1 letter

A Mothers Love

Friday, October 17th - Cold Weather. Rec 1 & Wrote 1 letter.

Saturday, 18th - Unpleasant, & chilly. In service 13 months. Lew Hill a member of Co E. Died.

Sunday, 19th - Cloudy with slight rain. Young Hill is buried to day. The 26th New Yorks band (Drum Corps) play the funeral march for the young soldier. It is a sad case. Neglected by our Doctor he pined away and died - murdered by them failing to do their duty. Curse such men as Dr Shoemaker & Dr Mitchell.

Monday, 20th - Chilly & Disagreable. Lew Hills Mother came to day to wait on her dying boy, but she was too late. She however took his body home with her.

Still off Duty

Tuesday, Oct 21st - Cold Weather. Dull in camp. Recd 3 & Wrote 2 letters.

Wednesday, 22nd - Cold & Chilly. Still off duty. Not very strong yet. Rec 2 & Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 23rd - Chilly Weather. Wrote 3 letters.

Friday, 24th - Falling Weather. Brigade Inspection but I was excused. Our overcoats, which we packed up in the spring at Camp Curtain – returned to day. Mine wasn't to be found though. Wrote 1 letter.

Saturday, 25th - Changeable with Rain. New blankets come and I drew one for I needed it badly. Now then I can sleep with some degree of comfort. Wrote 1 letter.

Marching Orders. Berlin

Sunday, 26th October, 1862 - Rainy & Drizzley. Drew a new overcoat – another valuable acquisition. Recd Marching Orders.

Monday, 27th - Clear and Cold. Struck tents at dinner time and took up the line of march for Berlin. I was too weak to march and carrry my knapsack so Lieut Schell gave me a pass for an ambulance. I put my knapsack in & I walked. Made about 9 miles. We passed through Sharpsburg. I slept in a barn all night.

Tuesday, 28th - Clear and Bracing. Resumed the march at daybreak. Passed over the mountains & through Cramptons gap & down through Burketsville to Berlin, where we encamped in the woods. I left the Ambulance & joined the Regt.

Sent to the Hospital

Wednesday, 29th Oct. - Clear and Pleasant. Still in the woods near Berlin. Order read – inviting all Volunteers so disposed to join the Regulars.

Thursday, 30th - Clear and Warm. In the morning all sick & those not able to march were ordered to the Hospital. It was with sincere regret that I leave the regiment & see them march over into old Virginia again. It is like being home to me to be with the boys - with home I have been constantly associated with for over a year now. Learmont was with me & we went down by the R.R. – where there was several hundred sick men laying waiting for the train. Lay here all night. Regt cross & pass through Lovellsville & Milton & encamp.

Friday, 31st - Clear and Pleasant. In the morning there was 17 Triple Cars loaded with wounded & sick & we went to Washington. All day on the road & at night we were taken to a hospital after our arrival in the Capitol. Regt Col McLean [rest of last line cut off]

[Sketch]

Island Hill. Samaritans

Saturday, Nov. 1st, 1862 - Opened with fair weather. When the morning came I found I was at Island Hall Hospital at 6th & Virginia Ave on the Island. It is a large 3 story brick edifice used formerley as a Hall, by the Odd Fellows. Testaments distributed by the Chaplain a Mr Hoover. Very weak, but not confined to my bed. Wrote 2 letters. Regiment. Resume the march & pass through Waterford

Sunday, 2nd - Clear and Pleasant. The ladies of the neighbourhood visit the hospital, and give the sick men Farina & other little delicacies which are appreciated by the men. Preaching by Chaplain Hoover Wrote 1 Letter. The Regiment is encamped near Waterford Virginia having marched there from Berlin.

Hospital Items

Monday, Nov 3rd - Clear and Pleasant. 2 large Regiments pass by going to the Army.

Tuesday, 4th - Clear Weather. I am now getting a little insight of the machinery of a hospital. This one can accommodate about 125 patients & has 2 doctors. Dr Hayes a regular Army Doctor & Dr Schenck a Penna Vol. surgeon. Dr Schenck enjoys the universal esteem of the area under his charge & is a very curteous & affiable Gentleman. The nurses are all males. Some of them Contract Nurses & others detailed from the Soldiers. We have also Ward Masters, Stewards, Cooks &c. Get good plain food, but sometime only a piece of bread and a cup of coffee for a meal. Another Regt of new men pass by. Regiment. Res. the march at 3 P.M. March through Broomfield & encamp.

Regiment at Warrenton

Wednesday, 5th Nov., 1862 - Cloudy. Andy Learmont & I procured a pass & went down to the City. It is necessary for a Soldier to have a pass – signed by the Officer Commanding or the guard will arrest you. Regt. march 5 miles & encamp.

Thursday, 6th - Clear and Cold. Nothing much stirring. Wrote 1 Letter. Regiment march 20 miles to day toward Warrenton

Friday, 7th - First snow Storm. A gentleman visits the ward with Chocolate Toasted bread, roasted apples &c & give them to the patients who are confined to their beds. The Regiment to day march through Warrenton & encamp 2 miles West of the place. This memoranda is taken from the Orderleys report. The Regt march through Warrenton & encamp 2 miles west of the town.

Noted by the way

Saturday, Nov 8th - Clear Cold Weather. A Lady visits the ward and give the men Tea, biscuits, &c. Regiment, Geo. O. Stretch returned from hospital.

Sunday, 9th - Clear. Inspection by Dr Hayes. Preaching by Chaplain, in the. Regiment, Murtha, Maginley & White were sent to the hospital sick. Note – Under the head of Regiment the events which happen to the Company are merely enumerated.

Monday, 10th - Clear and Pleasant. 25 Convalescents were ordered to the Soldiers rest to day. I was among the number but was detained. Corporal Gillmor – visits hospital & brings me 3 letters. Regiment Reviewd by McClellan. Wm Hand returned from hospital

Kind People

Tuesday, November 11th, 1862 - Clear and Warm. The convalescents go to Convalescent Camp to day. Several hundred passed by the hospital on the way to the boat. Several little girls – from 4 to 10 years of age, visit the hospital in the evening, and sing to the men. Their singing done more good than all the medicines in the place. As they sang their sweet & tender ballads, in their own sweet and childish way our hearts swelled with gratitude toward them, & many a fervant "God bless 'em" was uttered, by the battle scarred veterans who were laying helpless & wounded in the ward. Regiment, White returned & Carter sent to hospital.

Wednesday, 12th - Clear and Warm. At dinner the boys of the vicinity came to the hospital and distributed apples to the men. Truly there are some loyal hearts in Washington. Regiment: March at 1 PM & go to Bealton

Visiting the Capitol

Thursday, Nov 13th - Clear and Warm. 15 Sick men arrive at hospital. Rec 3 and Wrote 3 letters. Regt.: Div reviewd by Genl Gibbons

Friday, 14th - Mild and Pleasant. 8 new patients arrive. Wrote 4 Letters. Regt.: Drexler ret. To Regiment

Saturday, 15th - Clear and Mild. Received a box from home from Mother. This was doubly welcome to me just now, as the hospital fare isn't very good now. Went down to town with Andy. Visited the Capitol & went up in the dome, and had a fine view of the surrounding country. Also visited the Smithsonian Institute and saw a great many curiosities there. Regiment: Notice of Jno. Campbells discharge came, dated Nov 1st.

Regiment on Picket

Sunday, Nov 16, 1862 - Cloudy Weather. Preaching in the afternoon by Chaplain. Regiment Transferred to Genl Taylors Brigade

Monday, 17 - Changeable with rain. A regiment of Infty march by. Wrote 1 letter.

Tuesday, 18 - Cloudy and rainy. 14 Months in the service. A lot of Convalescents go away. Another Regt goes by. Regt. Brigade on Picket along the Rappahannock.

Wednesday, 19 - Rainy & hazy. Regt. The pickets destroy the R.R. bridge at the river & march to Bealton & stop at 1 P.M.

Thursday, 20 - Rainy. Recd 1 Letter. Regiment Res. the line of march pass through Morrisville. Copestick, Rose, Muntra, Vansant, Richardson released [last line of page cut off]

The Patent Office

Friday, Nov 21, 1862 - Cloudy and Rainy Weather

Saturday, 22nd - Clear and Pleasant

Sunday, 23rd - Weather Clear and Cold. Nothing unusual going on. Preaching by Chaplain Hoover in the afternoon. Wrote 1 Letter home. Regiment march at 8. Am & encamp at 3 P.M.

Monday, 24th - Clear & Warm. Procured a pass from Dr Schenck & visited the Patent office with Learmont. We couldn't see much of any one thing there was so much to be seen. It would take many days to even notice every useful article stored in the next building [last line of page cut off]

Smithsonian Institute

Tuesday, Nov 25, 1862 - Clear Weather. 13 Convalescents sent away to their Regiments. They are sent first to the Convalscent Camp at Alexandria & from there they are sent to their respective Regts.

Wednesday, 26 - Cloudy Weather. Learmont & myself visited the Smithsonian Institute. They have collected a great many curosities & have them on Exhibition at the Institute. This institution was bult by an English man named Smithson & hence its name. There is a live salamander – a young Crocodile – stuffed beasts, birds, animals &c. c. here. A day can be spent very pleasantly looking at the different curiosities. The grounds are laid out very nicely & are large & spacious.

Give thanks

Thursday, Nov 27th - Clear and Pleasant. Thanksgiving day. The men receive from the ladies of the neighbourhood a splendid and a bounteous repast for a thanksgiving dinner. There was everything on the table that the palate of sick and wounded men could desire. An Odd Fellows funeral also passed by the hospital. David Gillmore the Regimental letter carrier came to the hospital to see me. Regiment. Brigade review by Genl Gibbons

Friday, 28th - Clear and Warm. Saw Sergt. Nuskey down at the depot.

Saturday, 29th - Clear & Warm. 11 Regiment of Volunteers go by on their way to their Army. Regiment Sergeant Nuskey returned.

Preaching

Sunday, 30th Nov., 1862 - Clear & Pleasant. Preaching by the Chaplain. Regt Clem, Riley discharged

Capt Stretch resigned

Monday, Dec 1st, 1862 - Clear and Warm. 2 Regiments pass by. Regt. Cap. Stretch resg. Lieut Herkeshiemer [Harkisheimer] returned

Tuesday, 2nd - Cloudy Weather. Regiment pass by. Regt. Jno Dunbar discharged

Wednesday, 3rd - Changeable Weather. Muddy underfoot. 3 Regiments of Pennsylvania Militia pass. Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 4th - Clear and Pleasant. Visited the Capitol. Saw the Senate & House in Session. Regiment Lieut Shell detailed to go to Con. Camp after [last line of page cut off]

A sudden death

Friday, Dec 5th - Rain & Snow. Dull and Cheerless

Saturday, 6th - Cold and Windy. 172 & 177th Regiment Pa M go by

Sunday, 7th - Clear and Cold. Mr. Taylor our esteemed Ward Master not arising as usual, some one went to waken him, but they found him dead. He was an old man of some 60 years of age from Mass. & by his cheerful words made himself a general favorite among the men. Although he slept in the Ward with the patients & one slept within 5 feet of him – yet he passed away so gently that none knew of his death till the morning. Regiment: Broke Camp at daylight & marched about 2 miles.

Regiment in line of Battle

Monday, 8th Dec, 1862 - Clear & Warm. Visited Congress.

Tuesday, 9th - Clear & Warm

Wednesday, 10th - Pleasant & bright. 165 & 178th Pa. M. pass by. A large supply of apple butter, dried fruit - onions – potatoes &c arrive from the ladies of Pennsylvania.

Thursday, 11th - Clear Weather. Visited the Senate Chambers. 166th Pa M. pass by. Regt.: Struck tents at 3 P.M & marched to the bank of the river but returned.

Friday, 12. - Clear & Pleasant. 179th Pa M pass by. Also some very heavy field pieces, some with 6 & 8 horses attached. Regt. Crossed the river & formed in line of battle [part of last line of page cut off] position all night.

Regiment at Fredericksburg

Saturday, 13 Dec. - Clear and Warm. Detailed to assist in the Kitchen Regt. Battle of Fredericksburg. Under five 5 hours Co. lost 3 killed & 1 Wounded

Sunday, 14 - Clear & Warm. 2 Regiments go by bound for Dixie.

Monday, 15th - Clear Weather. 158 Pa Vols pass by. Regiment Under Arms an hour before daylight & remained all day. On picket at night.

Tuesday, 16 - Changeable with heavy rain storms. 25 sick & wounded arrive. 1 Battery goes by. Regiment Ret. from picket at 3 a.m. crossed the river & marched to the old camp ground

Wednesday, 17 - Changeable with slight Snow. Regiment. Manypenney disch. Lieut Shell returned.

Wounded Soldiers

Thursday, 18 Dec., 1862 - Clear Weather. 38 Wounded Soldiers from the battle of Fredericksbg. arrive. 1 Battrey & 1 Regt pass by.

Friday, 19 - Clear & Cold. All quiet along the Potomac. Regt. Marched at 9 A.M. & enc. 4 ½ miles from Potomac Ck

Saturday, 20th - Clear & Cold. Davy Gillmore visits the hospital & gave me 8 letters & I wrote 3. Went down to the wharf to look around.

Sunday, 21st - Clear & Cold. Preaching in the dining room by Chap. Hoover.

Christmas

Monday, Dec 22nd - Clear & Warm. Large Nos of Wounded men arrive from Fredericksburg.

Tuesday, 23rd - Clear Weather

Wednesday, 24th - Clear Weather. Preperations for Christmas being made.

Thursday, 25th - Clear & Pleasant Weather. Christmas. The patients of the hospital treated to an elegant dinner by the ladies of the Neighbourhood and the Scholars of the Island Baptist Sab. School

Removing

Friday, Dec 26th, 1862 - Cloudy Weather. Recd 2 & Wrote 2 letters

Saturday, 27 - Cloudy Weather

Sunday, 28 - Clear and Warm. Preaching by the Chaplain. Wrote 1 letter.

Monday, 29th - Clear Weather. Orders come for removing hospital

Tuesday, 30th - Changeable with Rain. Patients all removed to Lincoln Hospital. East of the Capitol. Rec 1 & Wrote 1 Letter.

Wednesday, Dec 31, 1862 - Clear Weather

End of the year 1862

At the Regiment Biedeman & Jeffries were discharged. Capt Herkesheimer resigned

Thursday, January 1st, 1863 - The New Year Opened with clear weather. Received 2 & wrote 2 letters. Regiment is in camp near Fletchers Chapel Va. Cap. W. J. Harkesheimer resigned

Friday 2nd - Clear & Pleasant. Kitchen torn down & cook house removed into Ward D.

Saturday 3rd - Clear Weather. Nothing Stirring

Detailed to nurse

Sunday, Jan 4th - Changeable with rain. The attendants from Island hall removed to the East Lincoln hospital & enter Ward 15. I was detailed to watch the wounded men in Ward 13. There was some 60 wounded men in the ward – many of them insensible & out of their minds so great was their pain. The poor fellows were calling for help all night & it was "Nurse" "Nurse" "Nurse" "Watch" Watch" from all parts of the ward at once. I would rather be on picket all night than to pass another such night as this. Regiment. Ed Nunneville detailed as Regimental armorer.

Monday, Jan 5th - Clear & cold. Nothing Stirring

Wether you will or no

Tuesday, Jany 6, 1863 - Heavy Rain Storms. Detailed as Nurse & transferred to Ward 11. P. Coogan Co I 10 N. H. died. I would rather have gone to my Regt – but was threatened with the Guard house if I did not comply. All the able men were forced to nurse.

Wednesday, 7th - Clear Weather. I am assigned a district of 12 beds

Thursday, 8 - Cloudy with Snow at night. Learmont & I visited the City

Friday, 9th - Snowy and Cloudy. Wrote 1 letter

Regiment Reviewed

Saturday, Jan 10th - Rainy and Muddy. Large number of Convalescents sent of to the Philada hospital. I tried to get off, but did not succeed.

Sunday, 11th - Preaching in the ward by Chaplain Hoover

Monday, 12th - Clear Weather. Regiment: The Brigade reviewd by Genl Robinson

Tuesday, 13th - Clear Weather. Nothing Stirring

Wednesday, 14 - Cloudy & heavy warm rain. Wm M Hammersley D Co 12 U. S. I. died. Wrote 1 letter

In service 16 months

Thursday, January 15, 1863 - Cloudy with warm winds. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter

Friday, 16th - Weather Colder. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 Letter

Saturday, 17th - Cold Weather. Wrote 2 Letters

Sunday, 18th - Clear and Warm. 10 new patients arrive from the army. Preaching by the Chaplain. In Service 16 months. Wrote 1 letter.

Mud March

Monday, Jan 19th - Clear and Cold. Regiment. Geo. R. C. McCleary went to the hospital at Wind Mill Point

Tuesday, 20th - Clear Cold & Wintry. Regiment: Struck tents at 12 M & marched about 6 miles in the direction of the Rappahck this is the celebrated Burnside stick in the mud march.

Wednesday, 21 - Heavy Rain Storms. Wrote 1 letter. Regiment: Resumed the line of march at 8 a.m. & march on about 4 miles when the men were compelled to stop on account of the mud.

Back again

Thursday, 22 Jany, 1863 - Rainy & Foggy. Dr Ingalls leaves & Dr Bartol takes charge of our ward.

Friday, 23rd - Clear & Spring like. Regiment: Retrograded back to the old Camp ground near Fletchers Chapel

Saturday, 24 - Clear Weather. Regiment Paid off by Maj Bruce 4 months

Sunday, 25 - Foggy & Misty. Preaching in the dining room by Chap. Butler. Regiment: Frank Shaw discharged Jan 3rd Jno Carter dis Jan 12th

All Quiet

Monday, Jan 26 - Changeable with Rain

Tuesday, 27th - Rain & Snow. 7 New patients come for our Ward

Wednesday, 28 - Rain Snow and Sleet

Thursday, 29th - Clear and Warm. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 Letter

Friday, Jany 30, 1863 - Clear & Plesant. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter. Regiment: Geo. Conner Lewis died at Alexa Jan 23rd

Saturday, 31st - Atmosphere clear but Walking Muddy & slushy Wrote 1 letter. Regiment Brig. inspected by Cap. Hoovey.

[Sketch: Lincoln Hospital Washington D.C.]

Pay Master

Sunday, February 1st, 1863 - Snowy Weather. Recd 2 Letters

Monday, 2nd - Clear & Cold. Visited the Pay Master & recd 4 mos pay $9.38 was deducted for overdrawn clothing for my first years account. Recd $42.42. Sent $32.00 home. 9.38 51.80.

Tuesday, 3rd - Very Sharp and Cold. Coldest day of the Season. Wrote 6 letters

Wednesday, Feb 4 - Cold weather. Hospital paid off. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter

Thursday 5th - Snowy and Cold. Nothing much going on.

Friday, 6 - Weather clearing up again. Recd 2 & Wrote 3 letters.

Saturday, 7th - Clear & Pleasant. Nurses clubbed together & papered the ward. Recd 1 Letter

Sick & Wounded

Sunday, 8th February, 1863 - Clear Cold Weather. Preaching by Chapl. Hoover in afternoon. Large number of Sick & Wounded men arrive from the 9th Army Corps. Recd 72 Sheets of paper from home from Ceil M. Wrote 1 letter

Monday, 9th - Clear & Pleasant. All quiet

Tuesday 10th Clear & Cold Lot Convalescents sent to Camp. Among them a friend of mine R.B. Bonnor of Michigan. Recd 2 letters & a packg Envelopes. Wrote 2 letters Regiment Geo R. Clark McCleary retd from hospital

Eatables

Wednesday, Feb 11th - Rainy and Misty. Recd 4 & Wrote 3 letters

Thursday, 12 - Misty & Foggy. Procured a pass went down to the City & bought a hat. Recd 1 letter.

Friday, 13 - Fine Clear Weather

Saturday, 14 - Pleasant Weather. Recd a box of eatables from Aunt Louise. Jno Curdy E. Co: 140 N. Y. died

Sunday, Feb 15, 1863 - Misty & Rainy. Recd 5 & Wrote 5 letters

Monday, 16 - Clear Weather. Recd 1 & Wrote 3 letters

Tuesday, 17 - Heavy Snow Storms. Recd 2 & Wrote 3 letters

Wednesday, Feb 18. - Rainy and slushy. In service 17 months. Recd 1 & Wrote 2 letters

Thursday, 19th - Changeable Weather. Large Number of patients arrive from Windmill Point Hospital. Recd 1 letter

Friday, 20 - Clear Weather. Slight fire somewhere in the right wing. About 60 Convalescents sent to Camp

Saturday, 21 Feb, 1863 - Clear Weather. Wrote 1 letter.

Sunday, Feb 22 - Heavy Snow Storm. Washingtons Birth Day. Unwell all day. Rec 1 Letter.

Monday, 23 - Clear & Warm. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter. Regiment: Jno Link retd from Hospital

Tuesday, 24 - Weather Clear. Recd 4 & Wrote 1 letter

Wednesday, 25 Feb - Clear Weather. Alonzo Russell Co C 7 Wisconsin died. Recd 3 letters.

Thursday, 26 - Weather Clear. Our lights not being put out at 9 P.M. the officer of the Day ordered them out. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Geo McCleary discharged

Friday, 27 - Cloudy Weather. Number new patients arrive. Rgt. Robbins & Nunneville recd furlough for 10 days

Saturday, Feb 28, 1863 - Clear Weather. Wrote 1 letter. In Feby I have written 33 letters & Recd 33

Col Gile discharged

Sunday, March 1st, 1863 - Clear and pleasant Weather. Preaching in the afternoon by Chaplain Hoover in one of the wards.

Monday, 2nd - Clear and Spring like. James Evans of Co F, 48th Penna died. Regiment. Miller, Cowan, Newell & Bagley discharged. Col Gile disch. on acct of wounds recd at Antietam.

Tuesday, 3rd - Rain, Hail, Snow & Sleet. First thunder & Lightening. A Concert given to the patients by the Hutchinson Family. I was unable to be there & cannot speak of it. The men were delighted however. Regiment. Lieut Schell commissioned Captain to [last line of page cut off]

Lieut. Nunneville

Wednesday, March 4th, 1863 - Cold chilly Misty. Applied the Clerk to make out the Muster rolls for the hospital. In the evening the was an alarm of fire from some of the wards but it didn't amount to much. Regiment: Sergt. Nunneville commsd 1st Lieut to date from Dec 31 / 62. Received 1 letter

Thursday, 5th - Clear Weather. Still assisting to make out the Rolls.

Friday, 6th - Heavy Rains. Finished the rolls. Whole no of enlisted men in Hospital is 1388. Wash women 23. Sisters of Charity 22. Total 1,433. Recd 1 letter & box pills enclosed from home

Saturday, March 7th - Rainy and disagreeable. Everything is affected by the weather & it is gloomy & cheerless all around.

Sunday, 8th - Weather clearing up and settling but suddenly clouded & stormed again at Night. Preaching as usual. A Soldier named Nelson died late at night. Recd 2 letters

Monday, 9th - Clear Weather. R. H. Nelson Co A. 8th Mich. died Commenced White Washing in the ward. Pay Rolls come back and signed by the men. A friend of mine – Charles Drayton 13th Mass. Vols taken with spasms in the night. Regiment I.C. Rutherford discharged 20th Feby.

Regiment Inspected

Tuesday, March 10, 1863 - Changeable Weather. Engaged all day white washing the ward which is done by the convalescent men. Recd 1 letter.

Wednesday, 11th - Changeable with snow. Finish white washing & Papering.

Thursday, 12th - Rain. Scrubbed up the ward and fixed things up generally. Recd 1 letter.

Friday, 13th - Changeable Dull times. Regiment. Brigade inspection & drill by Col Wheelock Commdg Brigade

A Critical Operation

Saturday, March 14th, 1863 - Cloudy Weather. Nothing Stirring

Sunday, 15th - Snow and Sleet. Preaching as usual by the Chaplain. I always make it a point to attend services wherever they may be held at. The Chaplain isn't much of a preacher.

Monday, 16th - Cloudy. The Doctors operated on Morgans head to day. Morgan was struck on the head with a piece of shell at Fredericksburg & the scull was broken. The Drs removed a very large piece from the top of the head & we could see the brains almost. He eventually got well

Pay Day

Tuesday, March 17th, 1863 - Weather Clear but heavy fog in Morning. Recd 1 Letter

Wednesday, 18th - Cloudy Weather. In service 18 months. Lot of New Englanders sent off to Rhode Island. Pay day Recd $40.75. George Smith 12th Mass taken with small pox & removed to the small pox tent.

Thursday, 19th - Cloudy Weather. Regiment. St. Murtha dropped form rolls. Recd 1 & Wrote 7 letters

Ward Master

Friday, March 20th - Snow. Ward Master Sick and I had charge of Ward. Recd 1 & Wrote 3 letters.

Saturday, 21st - Changable Weather. Recd 1 letter.

Sunday, 22nd - Warm & Pleasant Weather. Preaching in the afternoon by the Chaplain of the 6th New York Cav. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter.

Monday, 23rd - Changeable weather. Wrote 1 letter.

Tuesday, March 24th, 1863 - Weather Cloudy. Procured a pass & went to the city. Went through the Capitol.

Wednesday, 25th - Warm and Clear. About 100 New Englanders sent North. Recd 1 & Wrote 2 letters

Thursday, Mch 26th - Clear & Pleasant Weather. Wrote 2 letters. Regt. C. J. McCoy disch

Friday, 27th - Beautiful Weather. Lot New Yorkers sent North. Some sick come in from 6th Mich Cav. Recd Photograph from Cousin Louise. Regt. Perara ret. from hosp. Recd 1 & Wrote 2 letters

A new Doctors airs

Saturday, March 28th - Rainy and Dissagreable. Charley Draytons father comes to take him home. Connecticut Soldiers furloughed. The New Assistant Doctors first inspection. He Try to put on as many airs as possible & finds fault with every thing generally. Allen is the insignificant pups cognomen. Michigan cavalry strike their tents & with Music playing & guidons flying march away.

Sunday, 29th - Warm & Windy. Preaching as usual. Recd 1 letter

Monday, 30 - Clear & Warm. Large numbers of Penna. Soldiers go to Pa. Hosp. Drayton recd his discharge. Recd 1 letter

Tuesday, March 31st, 1863 - Snowy & Steely. March has fulfilled the maxim of "in like a lamb, & out like a lion" this month sure. Drayton goes home. Wrote 2 letters

No jokes

April, 1863

Wednesday, 1st - Weather is clear and warm with a heavy wind. During Roll Call, while the names of the nurses were being called off – a maimed soldier in the spirit of mischief, called out "here" to several of the names. This roused the wrath of the Irish Stewards who caught him and put him in the guard house. Eighty Four convalescents sent to Convalescent Camp. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter.

The rogues March

Thursday, April 2nd - Cloudy Weather. In the morning some of the Stewards caught 2 women of bad repute in some of the wards, where they had been smuggled in by the Ward Masters & had remained over night. They took them & 3 men that they found with them & after drumming them all around the grounds, they let the women go & put the men in the Guard House. Ward Master Sullivan went to town & left me in charge of Ward. Regiment. The division reviewd by Genl Hooker. Recd 1 letter.

Friday, 3rd - Clear and Pleasant. Got a pass & went down to the City. Visited the Pay Master, but did not get any stamps. Visited the Capitol & took a view of the curiosities. Saw 5 Indian squaws in the city. Received 3 letters

Ask for furlough

Saturday, April 4, 1863 - Cloudy and Snowy. Applied to Dr Bryant for a furlough. A fearful snow storm during the night.

Sunday, 5th - Changable Weather. Preaching in the afternoon by the Chap. Wrote 1 letter.

Monday, 6th - Clear & Warm. Western men sent to the Western Cities. Wrote 1 letter.

Tuesday, 7th - Clear. Dr. Bryant tells me he cannot grant me a furlough. Examining board examined some of the Patients. Recd 2 letters.

Small Pox & Sisters of Charity

Wednesday, April 8, 1863 - Weather Clear. One of the patients – a Jerseyman by the name of Stephen Doty taken to the Small Pox Hosp – at Kalorama, where he afterward died. Sister Josephine was taken away today. Rumor sais she was growing remarkably stout, & was removed to Baltimore until her stoutness vanished. Sister Kaska – a surley, disagreeable old maidish sort of a woman takes her place. Recd 3 & Wrote 4 Letters.

Thursday, 9th - Fine Springlike Weather. The Small Pox having made its appearance quite extensively in the Hosp - an order was issued for all the men to be vaccinated. I was accordingly vaccinated to day by our Ward Surgeon Dr E.E. Andrews. Recd 3 & Wrote 3 Letters. Regiment: Corps revd by Lincoln & Hooker. Fusman ret. from hospital.

Another Rogue

Friday, April 10th - Clear & Warm. A gentleman of color was drummed out, with the word Thief – placecarded [placarded] on his back. He was a resident in the Negro Quarters & was detected pilfering from his colored bretheren.

Saturday, 11 - Clear & Warm. Small Pox still spreading. Another man removed to Kalorama. Recd 1 Letter. Regiment. Sergt. Levan commisioned 2d Lieut from to Mch.

Sunday, 12. - Cloudy with slight rain at night. Convalescents will hereafter guard the Hospital. The 152d Regiment march away. Preaching in the afternoon by Chaplain Hoover.

Running the Guard

Monday, April 13, 1863 - Clear and springlike. Orders come for Penna Men to be sent to Phila Hospital. Examining Board visit the Ward & examine several patients. Wrote 1 letter.

Tuesday, 14. - Heavy mist in the Morning, but cleared off warm. Ran the guard and visited the Congressional Burial ground, where the graves of many eminent men may be seen. The grounds were suffering, however, for want of care. 50 Convalescents sent to Phila. Another man remd with small Pox. Recd 1 Letter.

Wednesday, 15. - Rainy. A patient named Mix removed with the Small Pox. Recd 1 & wrote 1 letter.

Mr Menige

Thursday, 16th April. - Rainy and Muddy. Mr Menige on from Phila. He brought a pound cake from Aunt Louise. Went to the City with him & visited the Capitol, Smithsonian Inst. Presidents Ho. & over the City generally. Recd 1 letter & several news papers.

Friday, 17 - Cloudy. Mr Menige started for home. Went as far as the Depot with him. Sullivan the Ward Master removed & McCarty, an Irish Catholic put in his place. This was through the Workings of the Sisters. Recd 2 letters.

Saturday, 18. - Cloudy. 19 Months in the Service. Recd 3 & Wrote 3 letters.

Red Tape

Sunday, April 19, 1863 - Clear and Pleasant. Inspection of the Wards. The wards are inspected regularly every Sunday. The Head Doctor of the Hosp – followed by ever Dr. Connected with the Hospital march in a body through the Wards, pulling up the bed clothes & looking around generally into the affairs of the Ward. When they enter the Ward – all the patients who are able, are required to stand at the foot of their bed & salute the Staff. Any time a Doctor comes in he expects this, no matter how trifling his business. And this is Red tape. Sometimes the Cadets, growl because they are not similarly honored. Some of the Doctors gave little heed to this while others were very exact. Wrote 1 Letter. Removed to the Knapsack Room.

Monday, 20 - Rainy. Large Numbers of sick arrive during the night. Sullivan, who had been placed in charge of the Knapsack room induced Dr Bryant to let me assist him - & yesterday I was accordingly placed with him. As about 300 Sick men had just come in - it kept us busy all day taking [rest of last line cut off]

Knapsacks.

Friends indeed out a list of the things contained there in. As the Hospital will hold some 1500 patients & they all have some article or other it stands to reason that there is a deal of labor attached to this Dept. Dr Andrews called for me to day, and wanted me to go back to the ward and take charge of it – as McCarty had been removed with Small Pox. I declined going however. Regiment: J. H. hand sent to hospital

Tuesday, Apl 21 - Cloudy. Recd a large box of eatables from home, sent by Vautiers girls – Aunt Louise & some of the S.S. Teachers. This was quite a treat from the Hospital fare, which consisted of bread & Coffee for breakfast. Bread, meat & soup for dinner & Bread, Coffee or Tea & mush & Molasses for supper. Sometimes the soup was changed & a sort of a dog hash composed of soft Bread, potatoe skins – meat scraps – onions - & anything else they had on hand, which the cooks were at loss to know what to do with. Recd 1 Letter.

Patent Stoves

Wednesday, April 22, 1863 - Rainy and cloudy weather. Recd 1 letter.

Thursday, 23rd - Rainy. Lot of sick men sent to this Phila Hosp. to make room for the wounded in the comng spring campaign. Learmont – a scotchman from my Co – visited me to day. He has been dischd from the Service at Convalescent Camp – Recd 1 & wrote 3 Letters

Friday, 24. - Rainy Windy & very dismal and uncomfortable generally. The ward is very uncomfortable these kind of days. The patent atmospheric stoves are nice patent humbugs. It is simply a round stove with a round cylinder about it, and there is an opening in the floor to let the air in – inside the cylinder. But the difficulty is there is too much air for it all to be heated properly, & consequently this room is constantly flooded with chilly air. Wrote 1 & Recd 1 Letter

Regiment on Picket

Saturday, April 25th - Clear and windy. Got a pass & went down to the City. Visited the Patent office - & took a ramble through it. It would take a person a month to just glance at everything, there are so many hundreds - & thousands of patents there. Recd 1 Letter. Regiment. Sergeant Evans recd 10 days furlough.

Sunday, 26 - Clear & Windy. Recd 1 & Wrote 3 Letters. Regiment. Went on picket.

Monday, 27. - Warm and plesant. Regt. Foley and Learmont dis at Hosp. Apl 20th. Foley was a drummer boy in 1862 and was at N. Orleans. Regt on the march. Made Ward Master

Tuesday, 28 April, 1863 - Rainy and muddy. The 2 years men are commencing to go home. Regt. Richardson sent to Hosp. Regiment struck tents and marched down to the Rappahannock.

Wednesday, 29 - Cloudy Weather. An order came for me to take charge of the ward but against my earnest protest it was rescinded. Recd 2 & Wrote 3 Letters.

Thursday, 30 - Changeable with rain. 7 Batteries are reviewd on the hill over from the Hospital. After the review they depart for the seat of war. Muster in Hospital. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 Letter. Regt. was mustered to day by the river, under fire.

Appointed Baggage Master

May, 1863

Friday, 1st - Clear Weather. Regularily appointed Baggage Master. Recd 1 and wrote 2 letters. Regt. at Banks Ford.

Saturday, 2nd - Clear and plesant. Artillery practice by the reserve Artillery at Camp Barry. Wrote 2 letters. Regiment. Moved from position at Banks Ford up to the right – via Falmouth. Crossed the river at U. L. Ford & marched during the night near Chancellorsville & Entrenched.

Regiment at Chancellorsville

Sunday, May 3rd, 1863 - Nothing stirring around the Hosp. Wrote 3 & Recd 1 letter. Regiment Skirmishing & Heavy fighting in the Woods.

Monday, 4 - Cloudy Weather. Preparing to send off the men who can travel – North – Expecting wounded men from Hooker. Regiment Battle of Chancellorsville.

Tuesday, 5th - Heavy Rain storms. 200 Convalescents sent N. Very busy. Regiment. Union Army checked at Chancellorsville. Men obliged to lay in mud.

Wednesday, 6 - Heavy Rain Storms. A number of Rebel wounded arrive at the Hospital, from the Battle. They looked pretty well – considering the tales of destitution we have heard of them. Regiment. Union Army across the Rappahannock. Encamped at Falmouth.

Rebel Prisoners

Thursday, May 7th - Heavy Rain. Numbers of Seccesh wounded arrive. They speake generally very defiantly – and look for the final success of the Southern cause as certain. There are some 300 of them here now. Recd 4 & wrote 3 letters. Regiment Marched to near White Oak Ch & encamped.

Friday, 8th - Rainy & disagreable. More rebel Wounded come.

Saturday, 9 - Clear & Bright. Went down to the City. Recd 1 letter.

Sunday, 10. - Pleaant & Warm. More Rebs come in. Recd 3 Letters Regt. on Picket

Monday, May 11, 1863 - Clear and hot. Nothing stirring. Regt. Moved camp ab. ½ mile to left.

Tuesday. 12. - Changeable. Down to the City. Saw the 14 & 28 N. Y.S. M. go home. Regt. Durfor retd from Hosp.

Wednesday, 13. - Rainy and windy. Signed pay roll. Regiment – On picket for 2 days.

Thursday, 14. - Clear Weather. Rec. 1 & Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Davy Gillmore went to Hosp.

Friday, 15 - Clear & Windy. Raising money in Wards to fix off & decorate the sides & ends – California Cav. enc. near by.

20 Months in service

Saturday, May 16, 1863 - Clear and Pleasant. Nothing stirring except for the dull monotonous routine of hospital life.

Sunday, 17. - Clear and Pleasant. Went to Ward 3 to ch. in afternoon. Wrote 2 letters.

Monday, 18. - Clear & Windy. Wrote 2 letters. In service 20 Months. Regiment Changed camp to open fields.

Tuesday, 19 - Clear and plesant. Pay recd $26.50 in Green Bax. Recd 5 & wrote 2 letters.

Wednesday, 20 - Clear & Warm. Went to City. Expressed my valise home. Recd 21 Wrote 1 Letter.

Thursday, May 21, 1863 - Clear and Plesant. Wrote 3 letters.

Friday, 22nd - Clear and Plesant. 24 Wounded Reb sent to prison some where. Also some Convalescent Yanks.

Saturday, 23rd - Clear Weather. More Convalescents sent North. Wrote 3 Letters. Regiment – on picket.

Sunday, 24. - Clear and Warm. Was to Church twice to day – once in Ward 3 & also at the Contraband Quarters. Recd 1 letter.

Monday, 25 - Cold & Chilly. Nothing going on.

Tuesday, 26 - Cloudy Weather. Down to the City. Recd 4 letters.

Army Corps reviewed

Wednesday, May 27, 1863 - Warm & Cheery. Recd 2 Letters Wrote 4 letters & sent 2 papers down to the boys.

Thursday, 28 - Clear and Warm. Taking inventory of Stock in Baggage Room. Recd 2 letters

Friday, 29 - Weather Clear. Still busy making out a list of Articles under my care – to be retd to Head quarters. We make out a list once a week of all the things in the Hospital. Recd 3 & Wrote 1 letter.

Saturday, 30 - Clear & Warm. Dr Allen visits the Knapsack Room. Wrote 2 letters. Regt. Army Corps revd by Reynolds

Sunday, 31. - Changeable. Wrote 3 letters. Regiment go on picket.

[Sketch: Knapsack Room]

What a good boy

Monday, June 1st, 1863 - The weather is windy, dry and consequently very dusty. I am still engaged taking an account of how many knapsacks blankets – shirts &c c that is under my charge & that belongs to No one individually. If I am so disposed I might pack up boxes of Blankets &c & send them home, but then they are not mine, for no one has given them to me and in the Sunday School I always learned to regard "honesty as the best policy." So let others do what they may, & make all they can, off everybody, as for me – I will be honest. I commenced to day to learn a young colored man how to read & write. He appears to be intelligent & no doubt will make an apt pupil. I will say more about him anon – Wrote 1 letter

Regt recd marching Orders

Tuesday, June 2nd, 1863 - Cloudy Weather. Sent off to the City a number of boxes of dead mens effects & about 200 old Knapsacks. Recd 2 letters – sent 1 paper & 1 letter. Regiment Returned from picket & recd 2 months pay from Major Haptgood.

Wednesday, 3rd - Clear and pleasant. Nothing going on. Wrote 1 letter

Thursday, 4. - Weather Clear. Recd 2 letters. Regt. recd marching orders but are countmnd.

Friday, 5 - Clear. Everything in statu Quo. Wrote 1 letter

Saturday, 6 - Fair & Pleasant. Recd 1 letter. Regiment. Recd orders for marching but are again Countermanded.

John Noell

Sunday, 7th June. - Changeable with heavy rain storms. Went to Ward 13 for to attend services. My colored pupil is progressing in his studies admirably. He is somewhat familiar with the alphabet & has got on very well in reading & writing. His name is John Noell. Is a young & vigorous man of about 25 & was a slave to a lady living somewhere in the region of Culpepper. When the war broke out he resolved to escape from Slavery. Watching & waiting he at length made the attempt & after many narrow escapes reached the Union lines. Here he engaged to work in the baggage train & was, in one of the raids by the enemys Cavalry he & some others were taken captive. While being marched South, they encamped for the night near Johns old home, & he resolved to escape at all hazards. He watched in vain until about Mid-night when looking around he saw the Guard of Sentinel apparently asleep. Taking a water pail, for an excuse if he should be discovered, he quietly and carefully

A fervent prayer

made his way outside the sentinals, & then he was free again – To reach our lines was his next object. The rebel soldiers were Swarming all through the Country & after several ineffectual attempts he took refuge in the Woods of his former mistress. Here he lived 3 months, subsisting entirely on the Charity of the black people in the neighbourhood. Eventually he found his way North & here we have him at present.

Monday, 8 - Weather clear and warm. Dr Allen visited the baggage room, on an inspection tour. In the evening I went to the Colored peoples prayer meeting. They conduct their meetings with a great deal of warmth and earnestness, using occasionally some very expressive as well as odd sentences. One father in Isreal prayed that his erring brethren might become reformed before they would be lost & "clean dun gone forever". Regt on picket. Recd 1 letter

Pastimes

Tuesday, June 9, 1863 - Clear and pleasant. Went to prayer meeting in evening. Many of the black people are Baptists & hold firmly to their belief. Regiment. On picket all day, Recd 1 Letter Wrote 3

Wednesday, 10 - Clear & Dry. About 200 sick & wounded men arrived to day from the Rappahannock. They belong chiefly to the Cavalry. I went down to the river to day & discharged all the loaded pistols that were in the Bag. Room. They are all Navy revolvers & carry an astonishing distance. I went down to the Potomac near the poor house & fired them on the water & some of them would go over to the other side, a distance of nearly half mile. Recd 2 letters. Regiment Retd from pickett

Examination

Thursday, June 11 - Clear & Pleasant. Large numbers of patients depart for their respective states. A general order was issued a couple of days ago, ordering an examination of all the attendants on the hospital, and there has been a great shaking of the dry bones in consequence. A large number of the detailed men have no relish of changing their present easy life for one of hardship in the field and they will resort to any subterfuge to escape being sent away. Now to day the examinations occurs & there is a lamentable increase of all the disorders & ills flesh is heir to throughout the entire department. I told the learned & wise board when I was ushered into their agust presence that as far as I knew I was a sound man. Says one of them to me – "Well sir what is the matter with you" – No doubt thinking I had been studying latin to find out the names of the various diseases I labored under & that I was tenderly attached to hospital life like those who had been examined before me – "what is your disability" [rest of last line cut off] Send me to my Regt. "Nothing" replied I – what are you staying here for then says they. "Don't know Sir" says I. "You ought to be with your Regt" was the next. "I know that & I've been trying to get there for the past month – but can't". So I was accordingly labeled Regt & fondly hoped in a couple of days I would be away from this place. Alas for human expectations. Regt. Marched through Boonsborough & threw up entrenchments [this line was written and then crossed out]

Friday, 12. - Changeable with rain. Examination for attendants continues. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Broke camp at 6 a.m. passed Stonemans Switch & encamped near an old Mill, being about a distance of 20 miles marched

Saturday, 13 - Cloudy. Recd 1 Letter. Regt. On the march to Pennsylvania. Resd the march at daylight passed Grove Ch. & enc near Bealeton ???

An unsuccessful hunt.

Sunday, June 14 - Weather clear and plesant. Large numb. of sick arrive from the field hospitals. Very busy stowing away Knapsacks &c.c. Regt. Resd march at 10. Passed Calletts & Warrenton & reached Manassas at 5 P.M. & encamped.

Monday, 15 - Clear & warm. The sick & wounded from the army are still pouring in. They come up on the boats from Acquia Creek, & at the wharf here there are always plenty ambulances in waiting to convey them to the different hospitals. Regiment. Marched to Centreville & are drawn up in line of battle, expecting an attack from the Rebel army.

Tuesday, 16 - Clear. For several days past I have been seeking to be delivered from my position & ask to be sent to the front. In the first place I applied to the Ward Surgeon Dr Andrews – He referred me to Dr Bryant. He said I couldn't go. Then I applied to the Officer Commanding the District. He referred me to the Pro. Vost Marshall & he in return referred me back to the Hospital & [rest of last line cut off]

More Marching

several of the duties incumbent upon me; they have finally concluded to relieve me of my position. Now then – as the examination commenced will not send me away, we shall see if some other comm: won't rid the hospital of my presence. Jason Kellogg of Co C. 7 Ohio relieves me in the Knapsack room.

Wednesday, 17 - Hot & clear. Busy all day instructing Kellogg of the "Modus operandi" of the place. Recd 2 letters. Regt. Left camp & marched near Guilford Sta. on Loudon R.R.

Thursday, 18 - Heavy Rain Storms in Evening. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter

Friday, 19 - Cloudy & Rainy. Regt. Left camp & passing Herndon Station – enc. Near Goose Creek. Alarm & long roll in night.

Saturday, 20 - Hazy & Rainy. Nothing going on in the Hospital.

Southern Prisoners

Sunday, June 21st, 1863 - Clear and warm. Preaching in the Chapel by the minister. Large number present. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter

Monday, 22 - Warm & Dry. 300 Convalescents sent North. Dr Palmer who has charge of the hospital visited the Baggage Room.

Tuesday, 23rd - Clear. Wrote 2 letters

Wednesday, 24 - Cloudy. Everything in "Status Quo." Wrote 2 letters. There are about 200 Rebel wounded in the hosp: captured at Chancellorsville. Some of them associate quite freely with our men, even preferring our companionship to that of their old comrades. They are treated and fed the same as our men, no distinction being made between the two.

Unpleasant facts

Thursday, June 25 - Weather Rainy. Large numbers of the Rebel wounded were sent away somewhere to day. Recd 2 Letters. Regt. Resumed March. Crossed Potomac at Edward Ferry. Passed through Portsville & Davisville Md & encamped.

Friday, 26 - Weather Rainy & Muddy. In writing out my Diary now it will be my intention to pass my hospital experience as rapidly as possible and relate only some of the interesting incidents that happened there. It is very distasteful to me – the hospital – and its memory is very unpleasant & I regret ever seeing it, because I have no desire to become a hospital Soldier. Regt. Passed through Stanleyville. Crossed the Monocaa, passed through Adamstown & encamped near Jefferson.

Saturday, 27 - Weather Clear. 80 Convalescents go North. Regt. Marched to near Middletown.

The Regiment in Penna

Sunday, June 28, 1863 - Clear Weather. 100 sick & wounded men arrive from the army. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Marched to Frederick. Crossed Hamburg Mounts.

Monday. 29 - Weather Cloudy. Wrote 1 Letter. Regt. Marched to Emmetsburg. Drexle. & McLearn sent to the Hospital, Sick.

Tuesday, 30 - Rainy Weather. Wrote 1 Letter. Regiment. Marched over the Penna Line on picket.

[Sketch: "Badges"]

Gettysburg

[Sketch: July 1863]

Wednesday, 1st - Splendid Clear Warm Weather. Went to the City with Kelogg, who has procured a furlough & assisted him to procure transportation. Bathed in the Eastern Branch in the afternoon. Regiment. The Battle of Gettysburg was begun to day. The 1st Corps was in the Centre & the 11th on the flanks. At the very commencement of the battle the men say the 11th Corps broke & fled to the rear. This left the enemy at liberty to attack the 1st Corp in the rear, a liberty which they quickly availed themselves of. The fight was a bloody one; an unequal one. The little army – composed of the best fighting material though, of some 7000 men fighting half the Rebel Army. Once when the ammunition ran out the 88th charged down on the Enemy & captured an entire Regiment of 23d N.C. The Union men however were finally obliged

The flying crescents

to retreat through the town. & then again reformed. An incident occurred here that will show how the "Flying Dutchmen" (11 Corps) were valued. The Corps were forming on the right of the road, and an officer was there stationed to direct the men where to turn. A crowd of fugitives came along & inquired of the man with Shoulder straps where the 1st Corps was – They were directed where to go. "and Var ish ter leventh core Musther?" asked a big German. "Don't know. Nor anybody else either I guess" was the reply. "1st Corps go to the right & 11th Corps go to hell" & away went the German according to directions.

Thursday 2nd - Weather Changeable. Kelogg went home. Wrote 3 letters. Regiment. Battle still continuing

Friday, 3rd - Clear. Mast 148 P.V. takes Knapsack Room. Recd 2 Letters. Regt. Battle Continues. Link Killed & Harlan wounded [last line of page cut off]

On the Enemys trail

Saturday, July 4 - Rainy. Went down to the City & saw a parade. Recd 1 letter. Regt. On skirmish in afternoon under heavy fire from the Enemys Sharp Shooters.

Sunday, 5 - Battle ceased. burying the dead. Cloudy

Monday, 6 - Rainy. Recd 2 & wrote 1 letters. Regt. Left entrenchments & marched after the Enemy who has had 2 days start. Encamped near Emmittsburg.

Tuesday, 7 - Heavy Rain Storms. Cleaned out the miscellaneous clothing & brushed up generally. Regt. Marched through Emmettsburg, Milltown, Conoctink furnace & Lewistown & Hamburg MD, encamped near the mountains.

Good Bye John

Monday, July 13th - More Rain. My Brother Charles visited me today. It is the first time I have saw him since I left home nearly 2 years since. Was heartily glad to see him. Also recd 1 letter. Regt. Out on skirmish line at night.

Tuesday, 14. - Hazy & Hot. Went down to the City to see Charles. Regt. skirmisher advanced & found the enemy gone. Marched to Williamsport on the Potomac.

Wednesday, 15 - Clear weather. Saw Charles in the Morning. Regt. Marched back through Finkstown, Keedysville & Smoketown & encamped.

Thursday, 16 - Changable Weather. Regt. marched through Burkettsville & enc near Berlin.

Oh Carry me Back.

Friday, 17 July, 1863 - Rainy & Windy. Recd 2 Letters

Saturday, 18 - Clear. Wrote 3 letters. Very sultry. Regt. Left camp & cross Potomac at Berlin. Pass through Lovettsville & enc. near Waterford.

Sunday, 19 - Clear Weather. The new frame chapel was dedicated to day. Regt. Marched through Waterford & Hampton & Encamp.

Monday, 20 - Clear & Warm. New Steward takes control of our Department. Told him I was dissatisfied & I had reason to believe the Doctors were not satisfied with me, & I wanted to be relieved. He sayd he was very well satisfied with me, if he had not been he would have told me.

Tuesday, 21st - Clear Weather. Very hot

Want to go to the Front

Wednesday, July 22nd - Clear & Pleasant. Bathed in the Potomac. Regt. Resumed the march at 6 P.M & marched all night & enc near White Plains.

Thursday, 23rd - Very Warm & Sultry. Procured a pass – went to the City to see the authorities to see if I could get to go to the front. Went to the Pro. Vost Martial & he referred me to Genl Martindale. After a vast amount of searching succeeded in finding Genl. M. and he referred me back to the Dr in charge of Hosp. Said he never interfered with his plans etc etc. Retd to hospital & recd 1 letter. Regt. Passed through Warrentown & went on picket.

Friday, 24 - Clear & Very Warm. Applied to Dr Allen who now has charge of the hospital for to be sent away. He said I should go just as soon as the Invalid Corps would come to relieve me. Rec 1 Letter. Regt. Ret from picket

Bealton

Saturday, July 25, 1863 - Changeable with Rain. Rec 1 & Wrote 4 letters. Regt. Marched to Warrenton junction & moved along R.R. Lieut Nunneville sent to Phila for drafted men.

Sunday, 26 - Warm & Sultry. Attended preaching in the Chapel

Monday, 27 - Changable Weather. Went blackberrying over the Eastern Branch. Recd 1 letter. Regt. Left R.R. & marched to Bealton Station.

Tuesday, 28 - Very Warm. About 125 sick men come to the hospital from Meads Army. Recd 2 months pay $26.00. Regt. Inspection to day.

Wednesday, 29 - Rainy. Jno RWilliams 13 N.J. Assist me in Baggage Room. Wrote 4 letters. Regt. informed of death of E.Sturges who died in hospital July 24.

Sick Men

Thursday, July 30 - Weather Clear. 250 sick soldiers arrive from the Army of the Potomac. Wrote 1 Letter. Regt. Ret from picket.

Friday, 31st - Clear Weather. Went to City. Bought a gold pen for $2.75.

[Sketch: 2nd Corps Badges]

On the Rappahannock

Saturday, August 1st, 1863 - Very hot & Sultry. Dull times roasting under the hot tar roofs of the hospital. Regt. Cross the Rappahannock & threw up breastworks. Union & Rebel Cavalry have a sharp set to & the Rebs were dispersed in the woods.

Sunday, 2nd - Very Warm. Attended preaching in the Chapel. A Melodian introduced to help the singing. Recd 3 Letters. Regt. Levan sent to Div Hospital

Monday, 3rd - Scorching Weather. 15 Batteries of Reserve Artillery reviewd by Genl. Heintzleman near the Hospital. Regt. Detailed to dig breast works.

Cavalry brushes

Tuesday, Aug 4 - Warm Weather. Went to prayer meetings in the Evening. Recd 1 letter & 1 paper. Regt. Cavalry skirmish in front. Rebels driven back.

Wednesday, 5 - Warm Weather. Kellogg returns from furlough and I immediately applied to Dr Allen for to be sent off – telling him that now I had no charge at the hospital. Recd 2 Letterts Wrote 1.

Thursday, 6 - Warm & Dusty. Took a walk out as far as Bladensburg. Passed Forts Bunker Hill, Clare, Totten, Sherman & several others. Hall 10th Vermont went with me. Dr Allen sent for me & told me I should be sent to my Regt.

Friday, 7 - Changeable. Saw Charley. Wrote Letters & Sent 5 Papers. Rec 2 Papers

Farewell

Saturday August 8 1863 - Warm and Sultry. Kellogg removed to the Ward to fill some position there. Recd 1 paper.

Sunday, 9. - Warm & Dry. Attended Services in P.M. Speaking by Chaplain of 6 N. York Cav. Room crowded. Wrote 2 letters. Recd 1 Paper. Regt. Recd 2 Months pay.

Monday, 10 - Very hot & Sultry. It is so hot (not warm) that the tar roofs covering is running off in streams. Bid farewell to the hospital & Started For The Front to rejoin my Regiment. I recd orders in the morning that I would be sent away in the P.M. I accordingly packed my Knapsack, & awaited orders. There was a squad of 4 men placed under my charge & after supper we started for the City. Went to the Soldiers Rest & remained there all night. Before starting wrote 1 letter & Recd 1 Letter & a paper. Regt. Nette sent to Hospital.

Home Again

Tuesday, August 11 - Warm & Dusty. Started from the City, after being supplied with a pass – at 10 a.m. Got on board the train - & passing Alexandria, Bull Run, Manassas etc, reached Bealton Station at 3 P.M. Delivered the men to the proper authorities & started for the Rappahannock where the Regiment is encamped. Reached their camp at dusk & was heartily received by my old Comrades who did not expect me.

Wednesday, 12. - Weather warm. We are encamped on the South bank of the River. There are only a few Regiments on this side, not 2500 men in all – but there are several thousand troops encamped on the other bank of the river – within easy supporting distance. The Rebel pickets can be seen, they are about a mile & a half distant, with the aid of only opera glass their movements can be seen quite plainly. Lieutenant Sevan returns from Hospital. Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 13 - Cloudy. Wrote 2 letters home.

Old Stamping Grounds

Friday, August 14, 1863 - Weather Cloudy. This is the same hill that we were encamped upon & that we fought upon in Popes Campaign.

[Sketch: Red Hills]

Fine Times

Saturday, August 15. - Cloudy Weather. Had company drill. Recd marching orders. During the night all the Regiments go over the river except the 88, 90 & 6 N.Y S.S. of the latter only 3 or 4 Companies.

Sunday, 16 - Changeabale with slight rain. No drilling today.

Monday, 17. - Warm & Dry. We have plenty of good Swimming down in the Rappahannock, and we are not slow to avail ourselves of the opportunity. Drew potatoe rations. Summed up the Clothing account of Co. I. I have overdrawn my account $7.00 Wrote 1 letter home

Tuesday, 18. - Clear but somewhat cooler. Wrote 1 Letter.

An excited Buttermilk hunter

Wednesday, Aug 19, 1863 - Weather Clear. McCormick rejoins the Co. About dusk we were somewhat startled by an excited Cavalryman dashing in camp & reporting the Enemy advancing – 3 ranks deep. We seized our arms & fell into line before our rifle pits, ready in case of an emergency to spring in them & open fire upon the anticipated advance. The 12th Regt. Mass. was also sent over from the other side to reinforce us – but no enemy came, & probably the only lines the Cavalry man saw – was in his own lively imagination. After the alarm we had an inspection of arms. Recd 3 letters & 2 papers.

Thursday, 20 - Very warm & Sultry. Not very well. I generally enjoy excellent health & as I am sick so seldom that I always note it. Wrote 2 Letters. Recd another letter & 2 more papers.

Friday, 21. - Changable with Rain. Wrote another letter.

Sutlers Stores down

Saturday, Aug 22nd - Very Warm. A Sutlers horse & wagon was precipitated into the river, the horse backing & he backed too far & away went horse, wagon & all down to the water some 30 or 40 feet. Horse was killed & wagon smashed. Recd 4 letters. [note: sutler is a civilian merchant who sells provisions to an army, from the back of a wagon or a temporary tent]

Sunday, 23rd - Warm. Inspection of arms. Recd 2 letters & set of dominoes (pasteboard) & Wrote 2

Monday, 24. - Changeable with Rain.

Tuesday, 25 - Changeable Weather. Nette returns to Co. Wrote 1 letter.

Wednesday, 26 - Weather very Rainy. Rec 1 letter & Wrote 1

Thursday, 27 - Clear. Colonels orderly to day. Wrote 1 Rec 1 letter

Muster

Friday, August 28, 1863 - Windy Weather. but clear. Assisted to make out Co I. Muster Roll

Saturday, 29 - Clear Weather. Completed the Musters. Wrote another letter.

Sunday, 30 - Clear, Company Inspection Wrote 1 letter

Monday, 31. - Warm. Regimental Muster. Drew half Tent. Recd 1 Letter

[Sketch: September 1863]

Why don't the Army move

1863, September, Tuesday, 1st - Warm & Sultry. The 12 Mass. remove over the river again in the evening. Recd 1 & Wrote 2 Letters.

Wednesday 2nd - Clear & warm. Sent to Washington after set of chess men to while away the long hours of idleness with which we are now having. The army should be moving this splendid weather for the summer is far spent & now in the early fall is the time for active operations. Wrote 3 & Rec'd 1 letter.

Thursday, 3rd - Clear & Warm. Wrote 2 & Recd 1 letter

Sharp Shooters

Friday, Sept. 4, 1863 - Clear Weather. Subscribed for a war paper called the National Guard. The letter which I wrote appeared in full in the paper. Recd a paper & wrote 2 letters.

Saturday, 5. - Clear & Plesant. 6. N. York Sharp Shooters marched away. The Sharp shooters were armed with a small heavy telescopic rifle. The telescope extends along the barrel & the glass is crossed by 2 lines thus & the object aimed at is brought in the centre of the lines. The rifle is admired by the men very much.

Sunday, 6 - Weather Clear. Jno R. Williams of the 13th New Jersey came up from Kelleys ford to day to see me. Had a very pleasant time together.

Monday, 7 - Clear & Pleasant. During the night One of the subs of the 28 Mass. swam the river & came in our camp. When he was halted by the sentry, he said that he belonged to the Union Army, but as he was tired of it he had deserted [rest of last line cut off]

A disappointed deserter

we were the Rebels) Seeing that he supposed himself in the Rebel Camp, the Guard did not undeceive him, but turning him over to the Officers, he was thoroughly pumped, & asked all he knew about the strength of the Union forces. He answered all questions very readily & did not find out his mistake till morning, when he was undeceived & his true position made known to him. He was sent back to his Regiment under arrest. What became of him I never heard.

Tuesday, 8. - Clear & Hot. Give my entire suit a scrubbing to day. Wrote 2 letters.

Wednesday, 9. - Clear. Nothing going on but a little drilling. Camp duty every 3 or 4 days & the usual Dress Parade. Recd Paper & 2 Letters

Thursday, 10 - News Recd Morris Island of the bombardment of Charleston & great is the rejoicing thereby. Drew a blouse. Recd 4 letters & wrote 1.

A Cavalry Battle

Friday, September 11, 1863 - Cloudy. Regimental Inspection by Genl Robinson our Division Commander. Rec a letter

Saturday, 12. - Cloudy & Rainy. The Cavalry are concentrating on the other bank of the river under cover of the woods. Look out for breakers. The woods are swarming with them & we are looking out for an early movement. Recd 1 letter Sent 3 Papers

Sunday, 13. - When we awoke in the morning we found the Horsemen had long been crossing & were massing in the plain at the foot of the hill. After Bufords Divison – Several thousand strong had all got across, They commenced their attack on the enemys picketts. The Johnnies were completely surprised & we had the pleasure of seeing them drove back pell mell over the hills toward Brandy Station. The 2nd Corps Infantry also marched out after them. Late at Noon the firing was very lively over in the direction of Culpepper & 3 Cannons & 63 prisoners were sent in. We were kept in a lively state [middle of last page cut off] Wrote 2 letters.

On the tramp

Monday, Sept 14 - Weather hazy. In the morning a large no of baggage wagons go out after the army. Some 2 or 3 in crossing the bridge got over the side & had the wagons mashed & teams killed. A number of our wounded pass in & a locomotive went down as far as Brandy. Some prisoners come in. Recd a paper

Tuesday, 15 - Warm & hot. Pay day Recd $86.06. Strike tents at noon & go over the river & rejoin the Brigade.

Wednesday, 16 - Struck tents at 4 a.m. & marched about 15 miles under a hot sun & enc. near Stevensville about 2 mile from Poney Mtn.

Thursday, 17 - Rainy. Still encamped near Poney Mountain. Lot of men come for 95 & 97 N.Y.S. Vols. Recd 1 & Wrote 2 letters

Friday, 18 - Heavy Rain Storms. Recd 1 & Wrote 2 letters

Inspecting a Rebel Picket

Saturday, Sept 9, 1863 - Cloudy. Muss in camp between some of the men

Sunday, 20 - Weather clearing up. Moved camp to near Poney Mt.

Monday, 21 - Clear Weather. Locating ourselves.

Tuesday, 22 - Clear & Pleasant. Recd package writing paper form Ceil Maag.

Wednesday, 23 - Clear & Warm. Drill by the entire Division, there being 4 or 5000 men in line. Wrote 2 & Recd 2 Letters

Thursday, 24 - Weather Clear. Lt. Leavan goes home. Struck tents at 9 a.m. & went down near the Raccoon Ford. Our Regt. goes on picket. The Enemy are on the other side on the high bank. In the night I crawled up to the bank & there on the opposite side by a fire were 2 Rebels, not more than 20 yards from me. I could shot one of them very easily, but they [last line of page cut off]

False Alarms

Friday, Sep 25 - Clear. Still in picket.

Saturday, 26 - Chilly in the night. Days growing colder too. Relieved by 3rd Division from picket. Recd another letter.

Sunday, 24 - Clear & Cold. Retd from ford in A.M. Another change of camp. Our commanders are the most fickle minded men on Earth; no sooner do we get fixed comfortably, than they suddenly discover that it would benefit the army to move our camp. One reason why we shift so much is because we are under the eye of the Rebel & by moving frequently they could not locate our various forces. Rec 3 Wrote 3 letters

Monday, 28 - Fall like. Alarm in camp caused by the Rebs discharging their pieces to clean them I guess. They have bands of music over there & every evening we hear them serenading their officers & having a good time [last line of page cut off]

Tuesday, 29 Sept, 1863 - Cool. Changed camp at 4 a.m. & got nearer the R.R. Recd a letter

Wednesday, 30 - Clear. Artillery move away.

A man going to his own Funeral

October 1st, 1863 - Weather opened clear & warm for this month.

Friday, Oct 2. - Very heavy rain storms. About 1 O'Clock P.M. the bugle called to arms. We were at once under arms & in line & marched to an opening near by. Here we found about a dozen Regts drawn up in a 3 sided square to see a deserter shot, who belonged to the 90th Pa. I shall never forget this scene, so long as I live. We were drawn up in line patiently awaiting the arrival of the Culprit. The rain had ceased falling. At length the low mournful notes of the dead march was heard & soon the Cortege entered the Area. First came a file of soldiers, then an ambulance with the Coffin & the prisoner & priest in; then the Provost Guard – 12 men to do the shooting. The whole was literally a man going to his own funeral. The procession moved very slowly

Ready, Aim, Fire!

& it seemed a terrible thing to know a mans minutes were known by his fellowmen. At last the funeral reached the grave. The deserter, who was a young sallow looking fellow of perhaps 18 or 19 years of age, descended from the ambulance. The Coffin was placed near the grave. The priest prayed with him. The Guard seated him on the Coffin – tied his hands behind his back – bared his bosom – bandaged his eyes & left him. The Guards stepped to the front. The officer gave the Command. Ready. Aim & oh it was a solemn moment. Strong & great men, who had faced death many a time without quailing or faltering, now turned away their heads & silent tears run down bronzed cheeks, for sympathy for a fellow being. Fire came the next Command & the body of the victim fell back on the coffin like a log while the cloth of his clothes flew like ravellings. Just then the rain come down in torrents & we marched from the ground. We proceeded back to camp, but immediately went down on picket & spent the entire night

Drop that corn

in the wet disagreeable woods. We Drew fresh bread to day also. & I wrote 1 Letter.

Saturday, 3rd - Weather cleared off. Still on pickett.

Sunday, 4th - On picket in A.M. but relieved in P.M. Weather Clear. During the morning a couple of army wagons came down to a corn patch near the river to gather some nice ripe ears of corn which was nicely shocked in a field. Now it so happened that the Captain of a Rebel battery on a hill over the river owned the corn & field too. He soon spied the yankee teamsters in his corn patch, leisurely helping themselves to the corn that he had toiled so hard to raise. He gathered some of his men together & soon the teamsters were astonished at the report of a cannon & another & many more, while the shells burst in the air around them. They needed no further warning.

Excused

but the way they dusted out of that field was a caution. None of the shot harmed them, but if scareing was injury I would say they were pretty badly injured. Removed camp to a position nearer the R.R. Recd package Env. & 1 letter.

Monday, 5 - Weather clear. About 100 Conscripts arrive for the 97th N.Y. They will have a fine initiation. Recd 2 letters & 1 Paper. Wrote 1 Letter home

Tuesday, 6 - Fine Clear Weather. Detailed for Guard but excused by Genl Baxter. There is one man excused every day from the Guard detail. The cleanest man & he who has his equipment in the best condition is always excused from all duty for the next 24 hours. This is held out as an incentive for the men to be clean & tidy. Larger part of the Regt go down to the river on picket. Wrote 2 letters home.

Pack up

Wednesday, Oct 7, 1863 - Rainy & Cloudy. Corporal Wm Boyd John Hart & drummer William Hand ret. to Regt from hospital.

Thursday, 8 - Hazy Weather. Detailed for Guard but again excused for by Genl Baxter for my clean & tidy appearance. Regt ret. from picket. Recd 2 letters.

Friday, 9 - Clear Weather. Recd orders at 10 o'clock P.M. to be prepared to march at 2. A.M. We have been changing camp a great many times lately. This is done to deceive the enemy who being on the hills the other side of the Rapidan can locate all our forces & see all our camps. By frequent changes he may think there is a larger Army here than really is. There is a great stir in camp – cooking rations – packing up &c while some of the men group together & eagerly discuss the coming morning weather it will be backward or forward. Recd 1 Letter

Manouvering

Saturday, Oct 10, 1863 - Weather cloudy. Agreeable to orders at 2 this morning we silently fell in line & as silently & very slowly marched through the dense woods until daylight. Manouvered around in the woods in the vicinity all day & finally pitched our tents in the afternoon about 5 miles from our old camp ground of the night previous. N.E. This movement is a complex sort of a thing & we understand Genl Meade is thinking about crossing the river & fighting the Rebs. but as it is reported they are on the move also we are kept on the alert. At nightfall some of the troops went down to the edge of the woods by the river & built numerous camp fires, so to deceive the enemy in the belief that large bodies of troops were camping before them, prepatory to any advance at daylight. In the meantime the Division & the whole army was making a retrograde movement & after some tortorus marching – sometimes creeping along on account of obstructions & again on the double quick we halted at midnight in the rear of Pony Mountain. Marching all together some 10 or 12 miles.

As we go marching back

Tuesday, Oct 12, 1863 - Weather Clear but very warm. At Midnight we were ordered to fall in. Done so & marched till daylight. Halted a few minutes & then the bugle sounded "fall in". Done so & reached Warrenton Junction, where we were drawn up in line of battle. Things are now pretty well developed. It appears the Rebs crossed the River yesterday (& are still crossing) up near Waterloo & our army is evidently fearing an attack. There are thousands of wagons parked here. We passed 2 large parks & the wagons were packed very closely together in splendid order. It appears Meade is uncertain what Lee intends doing – wether it is his intention to advance on Washington or to attack the Union Army here. There are immense piles of Oats & Corn at the R.R. These I understand were destroyed afterwards. We soon resumed the march & halted for the night at near Bristoe Station. Having marched some 30 miles in the roundabout way we came.

Battle of Preston Centerville

Wednesday, Oct 14. - Weather changable. At daylight we Resumed our Retrograde march & after some fast marching – we reached Centrevill about noon. If we had been One hour later the Rebels would have been here before us – for they are now at Bull Run. We had to throw out pickets along the entire road, so close was the race. Our Regiment was on the skirmish line & was the first to enter the forts. In the afternoon the Enemy made an attack on our army at Bristoe & we could see the battle very plainly from our elevated position. The enemy were badly whipped & compelled to retreat with much loss. We had marched about 13 miles

Thursday, 15. - Heavy Rains all day. On picket at Cub Run. Heavy skirmishing in front of us. At night I was considerably frightened by a Wild Cat. This is a terrible dark heavily wooded Country. Not a house for miles around.

Turn abouts fair play

Sunday, Oct 16, 1863 - Rainy & chilly. Still on Picket. It is very unpleasant out here in the swamp. Nothing but wet woods everywhere. There are plenty persimmons here though. Relieved at nightfall by the 16th Maine Regt. but preferred to remain in the woods till morning.

Saturday, 17. - Clear & Warm. Come in camp in the morning.

Sunday, 18 - Weather nice & pleasant. Mail arrives. First one since the 12th. I got a good portion of it – my share being 5 letters & 2 papers. Wrote 2 letters.

Monday, 19. - Changeable with Rain. Broke camp at day light & marched through that sad, sad place - Bull Run Battle Field - Passed through Gainsville & halted near the burnt town of Haymarket, which has been destroyed some time since by Blenkers valiant Germans. At nightfall while busily preparing our supper

A daring Confederate dash

some of the Enemy Cavalry made a furious attack on our front. They actually took a battery of Artillery – but the cannoniers rallied to their caissons & arming themselves with their swords & pistols retook their guns & gave the Johnnies a few doses of shell & canister. We were up & called to arms in a few minutes expecting an engagement & laid on our arms all night. Marched some 10 miles to day.

Tuesday, 20th - Weather clear. At 9 oclock – the 11th P.V. (Col Richd Coulter) & the 88th – advanced to the front & passing the Maryland Brigade – passed through the Gap – after the horsemen. Found no enemy & went into camp on the other side of the Gap (Thomp??

Wednesday, 21st - Weather splendid. In camp near the Gap. Wrote 1 letter

Thursday, 22 - Cloudy. On picket.

Muddy Marching

Friday, 23d October, 1863 - Rainy, Chilly & disagreeable generally. Still on picket. Drew pair shoes & stockings of which I stood badly in need of.

Saturday, 24. - Rainy & Muddy. Recd orders to march at daylight. Went in & found the Brigade gone. Overtook them in the Gap. Marched through Haymarket & Zainsville & halted near Bristoe Station. Forded several Creeks. Very muddy marching – mud up to my knees. Marched about 12 miles. No firewood here to burn.

Sunday, 25 - Cloudy weather. Still in camp here. This is a mean place for a camp. No fences – no firewood nor nothing to burn but green timber. I always carry a light axe with me & now it comes very handy. The Enemy have torn up & burnt the entire Rail Road & now we will have a job at repairing it. There is a great number of Rebel Graves here - principally North Carolina troops who fell at the late fight here. Lt. Nunneville rej. Regiment. Wrote 1 Letter.

Cleaning Up

Monday, Oct. 26, 1863 - Cold & Clear. Cleaned and cleared up camp and fixed up things up generally. Wrote 2 letters & recd 1.

Tuesday, 27. - Clear & Cold Weather. Wrote 1 letter.

Wednesday, 28. - Weather Clear & Pleasant. Regular Monthly Inspection. Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 29. Clear Weather. Lt. Levan. Nath. Auble & Bill Truett ret. to Co. from the hospital. Wrote 1 & recd. 2 Letters.

Friday, 30 - Weather Dull & Cloudy.

Saturday, 31 - Cloudy & Rainy. Keller Stretch & Hand rej Regiment [last line of page cut off]

Resting

November, 1863

Sunday, 1st - Clear & Pleasant fall weather. This morning we had our regular Sunday Morning Inspection of clothing, Arms & Accout'mts. I weighed 156 pounds this morning on the quarter masters scales. Recd one paper & wrote 1 Letter.

Monday, 2. - Clear & Pleasant. Nothing stirring to relieve this monotony of camp life. We are on duty once in every 3 or 4 days & have some little drilling to do every day, but have plenty of time for ourselves.

Tuesday, 3. - Clear & Warm. Batallion drill by Capt. Richards of Co. E. Wrote a petition to Gov. Curtin of Penna for Sgts. Thos B. Neall & Henry Copestick, they wanting Commissions in the new Pennsylvania Regiments now forming. Recd 14 Wrote 1 Letter.

Marching Along

Wednesday, Nov. 4, 1863 - Weather is delightfully clear & pleasant. Recd a letter & some writing paper. Wrote 1 letter.

Thursday, 5. - Clear & Pleasant. Detailed for picket, but before we got started for the posts the Division Came marching by & we were ord. back & went marching along. Marched to Catletts Station a distance of about 6 miles. Recd 2 letters.

Friday, 6 - Weather clear & very warm in middle of the day. Detailed for picket in the afternoon. Marched around & got located a couple of miles from camp & halted & built fires. The woods are on fire around us, making it very smoky pleasant. Wrote 1 letter.

Saturday, 7 - Dusty Smoky & Warm. Ret. from picket before daybreak. Took up the line of march & passing through Catletts, Warrenton Junction, Wolfsboro & halted at Morrisville – a town of a few houses – come 2 or 3 miles from Kelleys ford.

Across the Rappahannock

On the line of march the heavy woods were all on fire, and the dust and smoke was suffocating. At times the woods were on fire on both sides the road & we were scorched by the intense heat & begrimed & blacked by the smoke. The woods for miles around were on fire & the smoke hung over the entire country like a great black pall. We have marched to day come 16 or 17 miles. There is heavy cannonading down at the fords – caused no doubt by our troops assaulting the Enemys works on this side & attempting a crossing.

Sunday, 8. - Dusty, Smoky & Windy. Broke camp at daylight and marched down to the Rappahannock & crossed on the Pontoons at Kelleys ford. There are a large number of troops at the ford while some are across. Several Rebs were captured and they seemed to be of the opinion that our army would not go across. Said one "Meade is too smart to venture across there." The Army crossed however, & a number of large guns were placed on the hills to protect their Crossing. After we got across we look up the river road &

Recrossing

marched along without any difficulty – the Enemy having retired across the Rapidan – hotly pursued by our Cavalry who captured quite a number of men & some guns at Culpepper, where our men charged the Johnnies. We brought up at Brandy Station where we washed our dusty & smoke begrimed faces & encamped for the night. We marched to day some 14 or 15 miles.

Monday, 9 - Weather windy. Struck tents at noon at Brandy & marching down back to the river & recrossed on the bridge & went back to Bealeton Station. Recd 1 paper Wrote 1 Letter.

Tuesday, 10 - Windy & Cold. Moved over into the woods & encamped. Recd $20 from home, which I sent on to Chas. Drayton at North Bridgewater Mass – as a loan. He being formerly Connected with the 13 Mass. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 Letter.

Rebuilding the R. R.

Wednesday, Nov. 11, 1863 - Clear & Cold. 70 Men from the 88 detailed for to work on the R. R. which the Enemy have completely destroyed. We were loading ties all day which some other detail has cut.

Thursday, 12 - Dusty & Dry. Still working on the R. R.

Friday, 13. - Very Dusty & Dry. A working on the Rail Road.

Saturday, 14 - Changeable with heavy rain at night. We were relieved off the R. R. to day. It is fast approaching completion.

Sunday, 15. - Weather Clear. Signed pay roll. Drew some clothing which I was badly in need of. Cap. J. S. Steeple assumes command of Regt: he now having retd & being the highest officer in the Regiment. Recd a paper.

Pay Day

Monday, 16 Nov., 1863 - Clear & Cold. Pay day. Recd 2 months pay $26.00. Monthly Inspection. Drew a haversack. Hugh Rutherford returns to Regt. from hospital. Subscribed for Forneys War Press. Wrote 4 letters.

Tuesday, 17 - Weather clear. Engaged all day looking at our money. Some of the men not content with looking at their own, are looking at other fellows stamps & gambling for them. Wrote 1 Letter

Wednesday, 18. - Clear & Pleasant. Detailed to work on the Road. Recd 2 Letters

Thursday, 19. - Clear & Warm. Recd 3 & Wrote 3 Letters

Friday, 20 - Weather clear. Wrote 2 letters.

Saturday, 21 - Wet Weather. Wrote 2 letters.

Sunday, 22 - Clear. Preaching by Chaplain at Dress Parade. Recd 1 letter & paper. Wrote 1 letter & sent 2 papers.

Across the Rapidan

Monday, Nov 23, 1863 - Clear. Recd marching orders in the morning & at 8 O. clock Struck our tents & marched about ½ mile down to the river & encamped. Wrote 1 letter. Recd a letter, a paper & quire writ. paper.

Tuesday, 24. - Rainy & Disagreeable. We struck tents at daylight but the orders were countermanded & we went into camp.

Wednesday, 25. - Clear Weather. 20th birth day. My health which is good all the time – deserted me to day & I was ill all day.

Thursday, 26. - Good Weather. Struck tents a daylight & crossing the river went down toward Culpepper Mines ford on the Rapidan. Being very weak I was unable to keep up with the Regt. & was compelled to lag in the rear. Got with the wagon train & kept along with them. Crossed the Rapidan & went in the fields & went to bed, but took care to get in some secure place, away from wagons & mules.

Friday, 27. - Cloudy. Got up early – cooked my coffee & started for the Regt. Got on the wrong road & came near being captured by Purellia. Found the boys at noon after a great deal of trouble. Regt. resd. the march at dusk & groped through a dense woods, over a miserable byroad nearly all night. Finally halted near some turnpike & threw ourselves down on the ground – damp & chilly, to [rest of last line of page cut off]

Skirmushing at Mine Run

Saturday, 28 Nov.,1863 - Rainy & Chilly. Marched toward the front before daybreak & took a position behind some entrenchments at Richards Tavern. Soon got ords. to advance. Formed our line & went through a dense woods, filled with undergrowth & found the Rebels posted on a strong position on the South side of a creek & ravine called Mine Run. Get up to them & have heavy skirmishing all day. The artillery at one time opened over our head & the shells flew around pretty thick from both sides. In the night we retire a little in the woods. Several men killed & wounded.

Sunday, 29 - Weather clear & Getting cold. Lay in the woods all day. The Rebels have a very strong position on the opposite side of the ravine. The men are praying that we do not have to charge rush, a pose as that – as there are strong odds against us and a defeat seems almost certain. There are a large no of troops here & we must either fight or retreat and one or the other very soon. One of our men hears Genl. Meade, giving some orders about charging their works & his version of the story was that we were not to receive a shot until we had mounted their breastworks. This would have been

Preparing to Charge.

very nice charging not to receive the fire of the enemy. I suppose the man heard that we was not to deliver our fire until we had scaled their works.

Monday, 30 - Very Cold & Raw. Changed our position at 4 in the morning to the right of the turnpike. The Reserves are in our front & have their knapsacks all stacked & waiting for the order to charge. We are to support the Reserves & to go up promptly to their reley. I do not feel at all well, but have resolved to along with the boys through thick & thin. Cannonading opened in the Morning. Rebs reply feebly & no one hurt.

A foolhardy adventure

Tuesday, Dec 1st, 1863 - Weather Clear, but chilly. I do not feel at all well to day, but I am compelled to keep my place in line for one can very easily get mixed up in this crowd, and we do not know what minute the ball may open. We were roused up at 5 in the morning and changed our position further to the left. All is quiet along the lines with the exception of an occasional shot or so. The 88th was detailed for picket, and we went out in twos and threes to the edge of the ravine and spread ourselves out. After awhile every thing being quiet – Jim Shelcup, Bill Truett, myself & one or two others went down the face of the hill toward the run, to cook some coffee & fry some meat. They had got through their cooking, and had gone up the hill, but I had a small piece of ham to fry and was detained somewhat longer. All at once a shot was fired near us, and then another, accompanied with sundry loud calls. I looked up, and the boys were all shouting for me to get under cover as quick as possible. I took their advice, and gathering musket & accoutrements & haversack & coffee & Frying pan.

Back to your tents

as best I might, I scrambled with all haste up the little hill, and was soon safe And well I was alarmed. If I had tarried there a few minutes longer I would have been a tempting mark for 3 Rebel Soldiers who were stealing through the woods on us. As it was a friendly Sharp Shoot – over a quarter of a mile to our left had detected their movements, and gave the alarm.

Wednesday, Dec 2. - Weather Clear but pretty cold. Evacuated the Skirmish line at 3 o'clock in the morning and took the back track. When we come back we found the army gone, and we went too. We marched hard and fast in the direction of the Rapidan, for we knew in the morning as soon as the Johnnies found that we were gone, they would have their Cavalry out, and every straggler would be gobbled up. Reached Germania Ford after daylight & marched till 10 O'clock & encamped in a strange place, having marched I guess 2.5 miles. Out of rations, but I had a few crackers left & some Coffee & Pork.

Cold Fording

Thursday, Dec 3, 1863 - Sun arose clear and warm. Broke camp in the morning and marched on a hungry Stomach all day. We soon reached Kelleys Ford, after a march of some 10 miles & waded across the cold, swift waters of the river, which here run waist high. I had great difficulty in keeping my feet, but got across all right. Jim Perara went up a piece to jump across on some big stones, but jumped on a moss covered one, and slipped –Kerchunk – down in the cold waters of the Rappahannock. After we got over and camped, we drew rations.

Friday, 4 - Clear & Crisp. In the morning, much to our surprise we got orders to recross the River. Well, we fell in line & jumped in the river, and were soon across. After fooling around a while we went into camp in the woods near the ford. In the afternoon we got the first mail since the 25 of last month, & I got 3 letters & 1 paper out of it.

[Sketch: Fording the Rappahannock]

Camping

Saturday, Dec 5. - Sun rose clear and bright. To day I am detailed for Brigade Guard. We removed camp to a better site, near by. In the afternoon we got marching orders but much to our relief they were countermanded. To day I wrote 1 letter & Got 2 letters & 1 Paper.

Sunday, 6 - Weather fine and clear, but a little chilly these mornings. Came off Brigade Guard. Recd two letters from home. We had our usual Sunday Inspection also.

Monday, 7 - Weather Clear. Thinking we will be in camp for some time, we commenced to put a log foundation on our house, so we can have more room inside. We got a loaf of fresh bread, each to day, also. This is the first fresh bread that we have had for a long time. A Soldiers funeral went past this afternoon. There was a fifer, drummer – a squad of Soldiers & the Coffin in an Ambulance. We often see these little processions & hear the sad notes of the dead march.

Foretaste of Winter

Tuesday, Dec. 8, 1863 - Clear and Pleasant. We had co. drill in the afternoon. Wrote 1 letter home.

Wednesday, Dec 9 - Nice Clear Weather. On Brigade gd to day. 88th in Service 28 months to day. Recd 1 and Wrote 1 letter home.

Thursday, 10 - Clear, but growing Colder. In the early mornings it is right chilly. We get up about 6½ oclock – and answer roll call, get our breakfast – which generally consists of coffee – hard tack – and fresh or salt meat – and then we either Sweep up our Streets or go on guard. I came off guard to day. Sick all day. Recd 1 letter & 1 Book.

Friday, 11 - We had a hail storm before daylight, but it cleared off afterwards. Battalion Drill in P.M. Wrote 2 letters

Saturday, 12 - Cloudy Weather with rain.

The Sulter. Lost in our own camp

came to day, and displayed as tempting stock of Canned Fruits, Preserves – cheese, Dried Meats, Pickled Fish & Oysters, with boots & clothing – and Tobacco & Pipes & Segars for those who use them. But as I seldom smoke or chew I do not have any need to buy the weed. Wrote 2 letters. I might say here, the Sulter asks very high prices for all his goods. Canned fruit and preserves are One Dollar pr Can & everything else in proportion.

Sunday, 13th - We are getting a good ration of rain this time. I am on Brigade Guard to day – and when I came off guard at 12 O clock – Midnight I got permission to go to my tent – direct from my post. I thought I could easily find it – but the rain fell so fast, and the brush was so thick & the night so dark, that I soon got completely lost. I stumbled around for about a half an hour in my cold wet garments, when I come on the camp. Everybody was asleep, but after another half hours search I managed to find out where I was & was soon under my blanket, and fast asleep, [last line of page cut off]

Col Wagner

Monday, Dec 14, 1863 - Weather changeable. Sometimes fair & then rain. Come off guard. Wrote 3 letters Recd 2 Papers

Tuesday, 15 - Heavy and Cloudy. All sorts of rumors float through camp, of our moving somewhere. Wrote a letter

Wednesday, 16 - Cloudy and Muddy. On Brigade again. Col. Wagner, who is unable to be in the field with us – on account of his wounds – come down to day – with a new Sett of flags for the Regt.

Thursday, 17 - Rainy and Chilly. Relieved from guard. Very muddy and disagreeable outside.

Friday, 18 - Weather Cloudy. I am in Service 27 months today. Nine months more and I will be free again. But how slow the time seems to roll around. Col Wagner presented the Regiment with the Sett of flags to day. We were drawn up in

[Sketch: Presentation of Flags by Col. Wagner]

Col. Wagners Speech

line – while the Col presented them. He referred to a similar scene to this - when, in Alexandria – more than two years ago – when Judge Kelley presented the Regt. with the tattered, and bullet torn flag, which we now carry with us. He exhorted us to take as good care of the new ones, as we did of the old one, and then presented them to the Regt. Major Sellers of the 90th Regiment replied, and then we were dismissed. The new flags are very handsome affairs. One is the National Flag – and the other is a blue silk State Flag. There is also two Markers – or small blue silk flags – for the right and left guide. Recd 2 letters.

Saturday, 19. - Weather cleared off cold. Col. Wagner departs for home, and takes the old flag with him. Wrote 1 letter. Recd. a package & a paper.

Sunday, 20 - Very Cold. Regular Monthly inspection by Col. Allen.

Marching Again

Monday, Dec 21, 1863 - Very Cold to day. I don't see much – or I should say I don't feel much difference of the weather down here, and in Penna. It appears to be just as cold here as there. I wrote 2 letters home to day and recd 2 & a paper

Tuesday, 22 - Cold and cloudy. To day we recd orders to hold ourselves in readiness to march at a moments notice, or less time. Detailed for guard at Brig. Hd. Quarters.

Wednesday, 23. - Extremely cold. On Brigade Guard. Got marching orders. Don't know any more about it – than we have to march some where.

Thursday, 24 - Weather clear and cold. We struck tents at daylight, and took up the line of march up the Rappahannock. Went to Brandy Station – through Culpepper and after a very hard march – we halted near Mitchells Station, having made about 25 miles. Recd 1 letter

A dreary Christmas

Friday, Dec. 25, 1863 - Very cold. Christmas Day. Lay along the Rail Road in the woods. Engine comes down on the R.R. A considerable number of boxes arrive for the men. Some of them have liquor in & many of the men are drunk.

Saturday, 26 - Weather clear. On picket along the R.R. Acting Corporal. Recd 1 letter

Sunday, 27 - Very Rainy & muddy – Still on picket. Wet through to the skin and in mud up to the ankle.

Monday, 28 - Still Raining. Come off picket. Recd 2 letters & a paper & wrote 1 letter

Tuesday, 29 - Clearing off. Not so cold. The change in the weather is gladly welcomed by all. Wrote 1 Letter

A blighted Country

Wednesday, Dec 30 - Clear Weather. Recd 2 letters. Laying in camp doing nothing much

Thursday, Dec. 31, 1863 - Came in rainy and chilly but before midnight it cleared off cold. I sent home for a box too today. Wrote 2 letters. There is nothing to be got in this part of the country. I don't suppose there is a chicken or a pig within miles of us – so we cant forage any. Theres no fruit. All the farms are deserted – fences destroyed and everything gone to ruin generally. All that remains of once happy homesteads are two chimneys – All else gone. Family – Loved ones – all scattered. Barns etc – burned and crops destroyed. This is war

[Sketch of destroyed homestead]

Frozen to death

1864

January, 1st Friday - Opened clear and cold. Moved the camp to about a mile nearer Cedar Mountain. On picket

Saturday, 2nd - Very cold. Still on picket. The Brigade changed camp to the top of Cedar Mountain. Marching up the Mountain we got orders to halt & rest and so cold was it that a man in the 11th Penna was frozen to death during the few minutes we halted. Wrote 1 & Recd 1 Letter

Sunday, 3 - Cold & Clear. Come off picket & joined the regiment on top the mountain, which is about 2 or 300 feet high. Recd 2 papers

To Culpepper

Monday, January 4, 1864 - Snowy and very disagreeable to day. All the wood on the top of the mountain is green pine, and it is very hard to get suitable wood to burn. Changed camp over to the South side of the Mountain. Great inducements held out for the men to reenlist. Bounties all the way from 200 to 500 Dollars are offered. A number of the men have accepted the terms, and today they were Sworn in. I do not think that I shall reenlist.

Tuesday, 5 - Change in the Weather. Warm & Mild. Struck tents quite unexpectedly, and marched back to Culpepper, a distance of 10 miles. The 88th & 90 Penna & the 12 Mass are quartered in the town. Slept in a negro Shanty for the night. An old one eyed colored man named Jerry. The Country between Culpepper & Cedar Mountn, has been completely devastated & nothing remains but waste places & ruined farms.

Foraging an axe. Watching Sergt. Robbins

Wednesday, Jany 6. - Clear and Cold. Changed our quarters into a Brick ware house, near or rather right opposite the R. R. Depot. Was detailed for to work at the Quarter Masters – and while working there I saw a nice little axe; just the thing I wanted. There was several sizes, and watching my chance I put the smallest one under my coat & walked out & over to the quarters. I soon got a handle, and that axe was of great Service to us for several months after. Recd 1 paper

Thursday, 7 - Brisk Snow Storm at Night. Drew a pair of shoes and pair of pants. Wrote 1 letter

Friday, 8 - Clear and Cold. The Company Subscribed enough money to buy a watch for O. S. – Morris Robbins. The Company met at Jerrys and at the right time I stepped out and calling Robbins – I presented the watch in behalf of the Company. Morris was taken by Surprise

Veterans

And in a few words returned his thanks to the Company

Saturday, 9 - Wintry Weather. Nothing much stirring

Sunday, 10 - Clear and Cold. On guard. Wrote 2 & Recd 1 letter

Monday, 11 - Very Cold Weather. A portion of the 8 Ill. Cav. go home on vet. furlough. The 94th N. Y. come up on the cars. Wrote 1 letter

Tuesday, 12 - Very Cold, and times dull

Wednesday, 13 - Weather milder. All quiet along the lines. Wrote 1 letter

All Sorts of things

Thursday, 14th - Clear and plesant. 6 Reb. deserters come in. I just believe these deserters come over to spy our situation, and the first chance they get, why the steal away back to Rebeldom again. Wrote 1 letter & Recd 1

Friday, 15 - Pleasant Weather. Got a box of good things from home. This is quite a relief from the every day fare we have now

Saturday, 16 - Warm but muddy. Detailed to chop wood. Sergt Harry Evans come from the hospital

Sunday, 17 - Cloudy Weather. No churches opened today. I suppose about ½ of the people of Culpepper are away down South in Dixie. I don't believe I have saw ½ a dozen able bodied citizens in the whole place. Dress Parade under difficulties

Monday, January 18, 1864 - Rainy and Muddy to day. Very disagreeable walking for when we get our shoes and stockings wet, we have no dry ones to put on. The reenlisting question is being agitated again. Wrote 1 letter home

Tuesday, 19 - Cloudy and windy. Recd 1 paper & wrote 3 letters

Wednesday, 20 - Cold, but very mushy under foot. To day we had a fine dress parade in the mud, and it was amusing to see the boys pushing and scrouging for a patch of hard ground & at the same time to keep a good line. Wrote 3 letters

Thursday, 21 - Better Weather. On guard. Got 2 letters

Gen Sedgwick

Friday, January 22 - Clear and Pleasant, Street opened a Sutler Shop in City. Wrote 1 letter

Saturday, 23 - Fine clear Weather. Genl Sedgwick was down at the Depot and I passed within a few inches of him. He is a kind looking man, with light brown beard. Recd 1 paper

Sunday, 24 - Clear & nice. Wrote 1 letter

Monday, 25 - Warm and Spring like. Made out Boremans discharge papers. Quarters inspected to day. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter

Tuesday, 26 - Fine pleasant Weather. Made out a roll of the members names for Lieut Nunnevilles. Wrote 1 letter

Skirmishing in Camp

Wednesday, 27 Jan., 1864 - Opened clear & Pleasant. Roads in good condition. On Guard

Thursday, 28 - Splendid & warm. Just like a May day. Regimental Veterans mustered in. Recd 2 letters

Friday, 29 - Nice Weather. Packed up our duds & marched out on the sperry ville road a couple of miles and pitched tents. Had a muss with one of the Co – who, when drunk in the afternoon had cursed me. In the evening, when he sobered up, I went for him. We had it quite lively for a while, but Ned soon got enough. The Balance of the Brigade marched into the city.

Back to Culpepper

Saturday, January 30 - Cloudy Weather. Struck tents in the morning, and marched back to Culpepper & quartered in the Baptist Church. I am sorry to see this act of sacriledge [sic] committed, but we must sleep somewhere. Went over to the Debating Club in the Presbyterian Church in the Evening. Recd 3 letters & 1 paper

Sunday, 31 - Weather Rainy. Went to Church in the afternoon and the Evening. 13 Rebels come in prisoners of war. Wrote 1 letter Recd 1 Paper

Odds & ends

Monday, February 1, 1864 - Rainy and disagreeable. Went to the Church in Evening. Wrote 1 letter & got 1

Tuesday, 2 - Still cold Rainy & chilly. On guard detail. Got an order for one dollar on the Sutler. He gives a dollars worth of tickets for this then he gives you whatever you want to the amount of $1.00. This dollar is stopped out of my wages

Wednesday, 3 - Cold and windy. Making out the Regts Muster rolls Recd 1 letter. Went to a lecture in the Evening

Thursday, 4 - Clear and Pleasant. I finished the Muster Rolls to day. The 11th Penna go home on Veteran Furlough

The Army Moving

Friday, Febry 5 - Clear and Pleasant. Cleaned up the Muster Rolls to day

Saturday, 6 - Very Rainy & Muddy. During the Night & all to day heavy bodies of troops are passing through the town and going toward the Rapidan. The troops are mostly of the 3rd Corps. All day long heavy firing has been heard from the South. I don't think any body of troops can operate successfully with such roads as there are at present. Helped to make out invoices of the property belonging to the Regiment. Recd letter & 1 paper

Sunday, 7 - More Rain & More Mud. Got orders to pack our knapsacks & hold ourselves in readiness to march – But the Army came back during the night. Signed the pay roll. Drew 2 prs Stockings & a cap

Sent to the 90th Regt

Monday, February 8, 1864 - Weather came out clear & the wind up. Assisted to alter Descriptive Lists

Tuesday, 9 - Clear. All the men who refused to reenlist were today sent out to camp with the 90th Penna on the pike west of Culpepper, a couple of miles out, toward the mountains. There is from our Co Hugh Rutherford, Ned Nunneville and myself. Received 2 Months pay

Wednesday, 10 - Weather Clear. Encamped in Dog Tents out by the 90th Regt. Recd 1 letter

Friday, 12 - Warm & Pleasant. We resolved to build us a house. So after having a street assigned to us – we went to the woods a mile distant & cut Pine.

Building A house

logs, got them hauled in and went to worked on our house. There was our own Company men, Hew Booze and Bill Campbell of Co E. and we threw off our coats & went to work in earnest to build a good hut. Recd 1 Paper

[Lower portion of page, Sketch: Our Winter Quarters]

Fixed

Saturday, Feb 13, 1864 - Fine Clear weather. Still notching our logs, and putting them in position. After we got the logs up, we stuff the cracks in with strips of wood, and dash mud between & over the strips, making a good, warm house

Sunday, 14 - Windy today. We put all our tents together, and put them on top for a roof. Put up our Bunks – got a couple of barrels for chimneys – and our house was done. Wrote 4 Letters

Monday, 15 - Light snow. Review near camp of several Brigades of Infity. I suppose there was 10.000 men present under arms, with bands playing and colors flying

In Winter Quarters

Tuesday, Feb. 16 - Windy to day. There are I suppose some 50 or 60 of the 88th Men here. Don't have anything to do, but eat & sleep, and amuse ourself playing chess and checkers. Wrote 2 letters

Wednesday, 17 - Clear and cold. Wrote 1 letter

Thursday, 18 - Right cold and wintry. Wrote 1 letter

Friday, 19 - Very pleasant. Sham battle bet. several regts, near camp. All the various evolutions of regiments in action were executed. Charges were made, prisoners captured, retreats, rallys &c

Grand Sights

Saturday, 20 February, 1864 - Fair and Pleasant. Went to Culpeper and looked around awhile. Recd a paper & letter. Wrote 1 letter

Sunday, 21 - Review of 3 Brigades of our (1st) Corp by Genl. Cutler of the 1st Div. Recd 1 Paper Wrote 3 Letters. Went to church at night with Shearer & Booz

Monday, 22 - Clear and Warm. Day celebrated with reviews &c

Tuesday, 23 - Windy but Pleasant. The 1st Corps reviewd by Genl Newton. It was a grand sight to see the steady tramp, tramp of the men, keeping step to the music, while the artillery thundered forth its salutes & 20.000 bayonets flashed in the sunlight, as the Soldiers passed in review. I was on camp guard to day

Going to Church

Wednesday, 24 - Mild and Pleasant to day. Relieved from Guard duty Took a stroll to Culpepper. Went to Church in the Evening, over in the Cavalry encampment. The meetings are largely attended, so much so that the tent is nearly always crowed. The services are conducted by members of the Christian Commission, who have come down from the North for that purpose. Many of the men have been converted, and I have enjoyed the meetings very much. Recd 1 Letter

Thursday, 25 - Cloudy & Rainy. Laid low in our snug harbor & went to Church in the evening

Friday, 26 - Cloudy. Nothing Particular going on

Saturday, 27 - Clear & Pleasant. Wrote 1 Letter

Muster

Sunday, Feb. 28, 1864 - Weather Cloudy. Worked on the Pay rolls of the 88th detachment – for Lieut Jewell. Recd 1 letter & 1 Paper

Monday, 29 - Clear & cold. We were mustered to day

Harry Booz & Peter D. Shearer

Tuesday, March 1st, 1864 - Rainy, Sleety and very disagreeable. Made out Co F, 90th Regts pay roll. The officers of the 90th whom I meet in this tent are a pretty hard crowd. I suppose the sober part of them keep away & frequent some other mess, for "birds of a feather will flock together"

Wednesday, 2 - Right Cold Weather. Finished the 88th Pay Rolls. Took a walk out on the Sperryville Turnpike with Harry Booz and Pete Shearer.

Thursday, 3 Weather Clear. Went to Church in the evening with Shearer. Wrote 1 letter & Recd 1

Friday, 4 - Cloudy. Went to the Cavalry Church in the evening with Shearer & Booz. Recd a letter – a package & a paper

Church Service

Saturday, March 5, 1864 - Fair & Pleasant. Went to a little chapel near by in the evening with Booz. Very few present. Wrote 1 & Recd 1 letter

Sunday, 6 - Clear & Pleasant. Went to Church in the Evening. Recd 1 & Wrote 1 letter

Monday, 7 - Weather Cloudy. Went to Church in Even

Tuesday, 8 - Changeable with Rain. Weighed 161 lbs. Wrote 2 letters

Wednesday, 9 - Weather still cloudy. Recd 1 letter

Thursday, 10 - Raining. Recd 1 Wrote 1 letter. Very dull in camp.

Taking it easy

Friday, 11 - Weather Changeable. Wrote 2 letters

Saturday, 12 - Showers & clouds. Wrote 1 & Recd 1 letter

Sunday, 13 - Clear and Nice once more. Went over to the 1st Div. Chapel in the evening with Booz. Wrote 2 & Recd 1 let. & Paper

Monday, 14 - Changeable again. On camp guard Wrote 1 letter

Tuesday, 15 - Blowing up cold & windy. Went to church in the eve. with Shearer Wrote 1 letter

Wednesday, 16 - Cold and Windy. Ration of Indian Meal issued to day. Monthly inspection. Recd 2 & Wrote 1 letter

Pay day

Thursday, March 17, 1864 - Still very blustering. Booz & I went over to prayer meeting in the Evening. Brigade Drill. Wrote 1 letter

Friday, 18 - Very Windy. Got orders to be ready to march at a moments notice. Wrote 1 letter Recd 1 Paper

Saturday, 19 - Windy and dusty. On camp guard. Paymaster must be around, for we signed the Pay roll to day. Recd 2 letters

Sunday, 20 - Weather nice and Pleasant. Recd two months pay. Preaching in the afternoon by a member of the Christ Commission. Went to church with Butler in the Eve. Recd 1 letter 1 Paper

Snow Storm

Monday, 21 March - Weather getting colder. Wrote 2 letters

Tuesday, 22 - Heavy Snow Storm. Snow fell 10 inch deep and it is bitter cold too. We had to go over to the hill after wood, for our stock had run out. Wrote 2 letters

Wednesday, 23 - Very Warm and Pleasant. Snow very rapidly disappearing

Thursday, 24 - Warm & Pleasant. On camp guard. When I came off duty I got a tub & washed my pants. Wrote 1 Recd 1 letter

Friday, 25 - Heavy Rain Storm. Come off guard. Lot of recruits come for 11th Penna. Recd 1 Paper Wrote 1 letter

Saturday, 26 - Changeable with Rain. Had to go to the hill again to day for wood I to day received a gold pen with silver holder & ebony handle, with the initials P.D.S. engraved thereon. This I presented to my friend Peter D. Shearer of Co H. Went to church in the evening with Shearer & Booz

Sunday, 27. - Warm, but very windy. Lukens, Markley & several other men of our regt. come to camp from hospital. Went to church 3 times to day Recd 2 & Wrote 1 letter

Monday, 28 - Pleasant Weather. Detailed to pick Stones to repair the road, but in our rambles instead of gathering Stones, we visited several grave yards around Culpepper. One ground contains 480 graves. 376 of them are of Southerns. At another place about 100 are buried one half being Rebels.

On Picket

Tuesday, March 29 - Very rainy and disagreeable. Had to go to the Woods again

Wednesday, 30 - Changeable with rain, but clear off in afternoon. Detailed for picket duty on the Rapidan. Marched to Culpepper, took the cars, and went down below Mitchells Station. There are of our Regiment, Sgt. Swaveley – and Shearer, Waterman, Deemer, Hersh, Markley & my self. I am on the reserve to night. The camps of the enemy our only a few hundred yards from us, over on the other side of the river.

Thursday, 31. - Cloudy Weather. Still on the reserve. Amused myself by writing letters for the men, and also wrote 1 for myself. In the afternoon I went over to the camp of the 1st Brigade, near by

A Midnight Soaking

Friday, 1st April, 1864 - April comes in with a very heavy rain storm. To day – being still on picket – I go out on the 1st Relief at 6 o'clock A.M. came off at 8 o'clock a.m. & go on again at 12 o'clock & come off at 2 P.M. Went on again at Mid night in the midst of a driving rain storm; We had to go across a creek, and after we got across – the bridge was swept away, nearly drowning one fellow. After we got across I went on my lonely beat, and kept a sharp a lookout as I was able to do, in the dark & rain, till 2 o'clock & after, when I was relieved.

Saturday, 2 - Still raining, and consequently I was soaking wet, and had to dry myself as best I could by the fire. We were relieved at 2 O clock P.M. to day

On the Rapidan and took the train, came back to Culpepper – and marched out to camp, which we reach about dark, and found that the Veteran Eleventh Penna. Had returned from their furlough. Recd 2 letters 1 Paper & a Box

Sunday, 3 - Weather Cloudy. Struck tents at noon, marched to Culpepper, took the train and went down near Mitchells Station. Debarked and went into the abandoned camp of the 107th Penna Vols. Quigley – a man from the 90th Regiment made a narrow escape from death, by being run over by the locomotive. Wrote 1 Letter

Monday, 4 - Plenty of Hail & Rain to day. Nothing particular stirring. Played a game of chess with Shearer, and wrote 1 letter, Recd 3 letters & 1 Paper

Check Mate

Tuesday, April 5, 1864 - Rain & Sleet. Detail of men made to cut wood to erect houses. Wrote 1 letter

Wednesday, 6 - Weather cleared off Pleasant. Wrote 1 & Recd 1 letter

Thursday, 7 - Pleasant & Clear I made a general wash of all my duds to day. 90th Regt, erecting houses

Friday, 8 - Changeable with rain at night. On detail to cut wood. Have a very severe headache. Recd 1 letter

Saturday, 9 - More Rain to day. Beat Richardson, Brown and Shearer at a game of chess each

Return of the Veterans

Sunday, 10 - Very disagreeable & Rainy. Leave the 90th Regt, and rejoin the Veteran 88th, who are encamped near Culpepper. The veterans look fine in their new uniforms, which they have bought at their own expense. Nearly every man has a fine blue pair paints, or a short jacket, or a quady cap, and many of them have them all combined. But their money has been nearly all spent by this time, and of the 200 or 300 dollars that some of them received, they have not a cent left now. Us vets who refused to reenlist are much amused to listen to their stories and love tales, and of how they done when they were in Philadelphia. There was 39 of our crowd who rejoined the regiment. Recd 1 letter

Monday, 11 - Fair Weather. Erected a log house. Jim Perara, Morris Robbins & I tent together. Wrote 4 letter

Mr Locke

Tuesday, April 12, 1864 - Cloudy and Drizzly to day. A Number of Veterans arrive to day. There was only 78 men on dress parade yesterday, and they are coming back very slowly. We had Brigade drill in the afternoon, and for variety, we had singing & speaking by a Mr Locke of Maine. Recd 3 letters & 1 Paper & Wrote 1 letter

Wednesday, 13 - Clear Weather to day with high wind. On camp Guard. Inspection of Ammunition. Drew pair of shoes and shelter tent.

Thursday, 14 - Weather Clear. We drill now every day from 9 to 11 O'clock and from 2 to 4 in the afternoon

Friday, 15 - Cloudy. Inspection of knapsacks and knapsack drill. Recd 1 letter & 1 Paper

Stumping it

Saturday, April 16. - Very disagreeable and wet. Fell in for inspection – but postponed on account of weather. Wrote 3 Letters

Sunday, 17 - Cleared off nice and pleasant. Went down to the dam in the morning with Dean. Went to church in the Eve. and listened to an address by a Soldier of the 26th New York. Wrote 1 letter

Monday, 18 - Good Weather. Drew new musket & accoutrements 31 months in the Service, and haven't been home yet. Red 3 letters

Tuesday, 19. - Clear and Balmy – like Spring. Had Brigade Drill – by the entire Brig. Private Bukens of Co C – stood on a stump by Mayor Steeples for misconduct

Sleeping in Feathers

Wednesday, April 20, 1864 - Splendid and warm. Went out on picket in morning. I was put on Safe Guard on Mr Butlers house. At night he showed me a splendid Feather bed to sleep in. Of course I got in and then the old couple put the light out & got in a smaller bed in the same room. I slept as sound as a top until the morning of

Thursday, 21st - which arose clear and pleasant. I helped Mr Butler to dig his garden in and live generally like a civilized person again. Eat food off a table and have a good time generally

Friday, 22 - Very hot with a sprinkling of rain. Relieved from picket at noon & retd to camp. Recd 2 Letters & 1 Paper

Drilling

Saturday, 23. - Windy Weather. Took a swim in the Mill Dam. Woods on fire. Had target practice in the afternoon. Lieut Levan – Corporal Neal & Nathan Auble came back. Wrote 1 letter

Sunday. 24 - Changeable with rain. Took a walk with Shearer around the camps in the morning. Genl Baxter – our Brigade Commander visited the camp to day. Lt. Levan brought a bundle from home for me. Wrote 1 Letter

Monday, 25 - Cloudy Weather. Went down to the dam with Shearer in the evening. Drew a gun strap. Battalion drill in the morning by Cap. Rhodes. Wrote 1 letter

Tuesday, 26 - Clear and pleasant. Brigade drill in the afternoon by Col Coulter. Went to Church with Shearer in Eve – at 97 N. York camp Wrote 1 Letter

Mustered

Wednesday, April 27, 1864 - Cloudy & Rainy. Recd a box from Aunt Louisa. Batt. Drill by Cap Rhodes. Cavalry pack up & march off. Had a bad toothache at night. Wrote 2 & Got 1 Letter

Thursday, 28 - Clear but Windy. Had a tooth pulled. Brigade Drill by Col. Coulter. Every man who shised off drill punished by Cap Rhodes. Went to church at the 97th in evening. Drew haversack – pair pants & blouse. Wrote 2 letters

Friday, 29. - Clear Weather. On Camp Guard. Rec. 1 Paper & Wrote 1 Letter

Saturday, 30 - Cloudy & Changeable. Muster Day. Drew pr Stockings. Went over to the 11th Pa in the evening.

Great Expectation

– May 1864 –

Sunday, 1st - Clear and pleasant May weather. Around camp all is quiet expectation. We are expecting marching orders every hour, for we think that we are about to enter into a campaign – that will throw all other campaigns in the shade. Genl Grant commands in person – and great things are expected of him. The 1st & 5th Corps have been consolidated and the Command given to Genl. Warren. To day Some of the men caught a hedge hog – but let it go again. In the evening I went over to Shearers tent & had a game of chess with him.

Monday, 2 - Changeable with wind & rain storm. Inspection & Battalion drill. Drew a canteen. Wrote 1 Letter.

On the Rapidan

Tuesday, May 3. 1864 - Clear and Windy. Brigade drill in the afternoon by Col. Coulter. Had target practice in the Morning when I made the best shot. Played chess & dominoes till 10. P.M. & at 11 O' clock got our expected marching orders. Packed up and started at 12 O'clock and reported at Division Hd. Quarters to Guard the wagon train. The Division go in the direction of Stevensburg.

Wednesday, 4 - Came out clear and warm. Reached Brandy Station at day break. Then went South to the Rapidan. Halted at dark & bivouacked by the road. I was very sick during the march and had to fall out & lay down by the road side. The sun appeared to affect my head & made me feel very bad. Heavy Columns of troops are moving down toward the river, and all the men seem oppressed with a sense of coming danger.

Disputed ground Wilderness

Thursday, May 5 - Warm. In the morning we crossed the Rapidan at a place where there are some gold mines. The pontoons were laid, so we didn't get wet. We laid on the South bank until the afternoon, and to wear the time away I inked out a chess board and Shearer and I had a game to ourselves. Out in the woods in our front we can hear the patter of the Musketry firing – with now and then a cannon shot comes booming over the dense woods. At 4 O'clock we started again toward the front – and the rattle of the rifles became fearful. The battle evidently was raging out about 2 miles and as the men listened, then voices became subdued, and all felt the Solemnity of the hour, and expected every moment to get orders to hurry onward and take part in the fray.

On this line if it takes all Summer

Friday, May 6, 1864 - The day opened very warm, and the sun shone through the murky clouds of smoke very hot all day. Left the wagon train at 3 o'clock this morning and rejoined the first Brigade. Advanced out the turnpike to repel a heavy attack on the right, but did not get engaged. Then we moved back & to the right of the road and threw up breastworks. Then soon after we marched to the left again and build works. Very heavy firing on the left of our Army, but we haven't got into it yet. The men feel in good spirits, and believe that this Campaign will bring forth great results. We laid by the road all night on our arms, not knowing what moment we would be called upon.

A taste of the Battle

Saturday, 7. May - Clear, Hot and Sultry. The first thing after we cooked our coffee & eat our hard tack & pork – was to throw up breastworks on the Germania Ford Road. During the day the Enemy made an attack on our left along the road and simultaneously the firing began all along on our left, and extended up to our Regiment where it stopped. I couldn't find room in the shabby little earth works, which only came up to our waists – so I took my position behind a couple of small trees – 5 or 6 feet in the rear and when I saw the line of fire running along the line. I called out to our boys not to fire – there was no enemy coming out of the woods yet. Then Booz & the rest of our skirmishers soon come running back to the edge of the woods – shouting for the men not to fire – and appeared to be very much excited – for the balls had come right over them. Late in the afternoon we marched back to the center & massed. There was no

Fix Bayonets

fire wood around for the men to make fire with – but there was a frame school house near by – and that was torn to pieces in a little while and fuel obtained to cook the Coffee with. At dusk we could see some troops moving & see the flash of the cannon away over to the South – and word soon came that the rebels had abandoned their position and were moving South. At 9 O'clock we took up the line of marched – and kept up a very slow and tortous march all night – going South. Mail Arrives. Recd 3 Letters

Sunday, 8th - Halted at 4 O'clock & laid down in a piece of woods and rested an hour. Then we moved forward and passed the Cavalry, filed off into the woods to the right, loaded our guns and fixed bayonets. Marched to the edge of the woods, & while two pieces of Artillery the enemy had, kept up a brisk fire and the small arms spitted out their balls; we pulled down a fence

The power of music

and marched out in an open field. There we saw our cavalry men – behind stumps – skirmishing with the enemy – who were posted on a wooded ridge a piece over in our front. Their cannon shots went over our heads however and didn't do much harm, so we charged over the field – through a swamp – and with a shout and hurragh we cleaned them out. We reformed again, and marched through the woods – past a farm house and attacked their second line. Here after some severe fighting we were flanked and driven back. The fighting was very severe, and several men were shot quite close to me. One man – Sergt. Wm. Eagle of our Regt. was killed at my side, and when he was struck, he sank down gradually until he reached the ground. We fell back in a good deal of confusion and when we reached the edge of the woods – there was a band of music there playing "Hail Columbia". We retreated a piece further and then formed in the woods – and towards night we advanced to the front again.

A solemn scene

Going along through the woods, we saw a dying Soldier, supported by a Comrade, who was reading out of a small bible to him. All the men remarked the dying man – expiring hundreds of miles away from home – yet supported by the word of God – that was probably being read now – far away in his Northern home, this pleasant Sabbath Evening. Took a position in the woods during the night. In the battle to day our Company lost 5 men & the regiment lost some 50 – out of less that 300 – engaged. Shot 29 rounds

Monday, 9th - Very Hot and Sultry. The Regiment is in service 33 Months to day. Drew rations & fell back to another position at 4 O'clock in the morning. Then after awhile we advanced again & took up a position in an open field, where we saw the Rebel Wagon train moving South – away off some 2 miles on our right. At noon we advanced [rest of last line cut off]

Warm Work

line held by the Penna Reserves. The bullets fly pretty thick all day but no one was killed. In the evening the enemy made an attack on our lines – but were easily repulsed. Had any quantity of alarms at night caused by nervous pickets firing on imaginary foes – Division broken up. Our brig with Pa Res

Tuesday, 10 - Very hot – with rain at night. Laid behind a breastworks till noon then we advanced through the woods and soon came in sight of the rebels behind their works. Our men were much scattered and instead of charging right up to their works – we all stopped & commenced firing at them. I got behind a small tree in the edge of the woods, some 50 or 60 yards from the Enemys works – but another man wanted the tree – so I stepped out & loaded and fired my self. That man, and nearly every one around me, was either killed or wounded but I was untouched

Desperate Fighting

We had a good view of the Rebels whenever they got up to fire, and I put 2 balls in every load – and took aim at some of their men. Wether my shot took effect or not, I am unable to say – for the smoke & noise – was so great that I labored under great excitement. Finding we made no impression upon the enemys works – they withdrew our Div. & sent in the First Division to take our place. We went back to the breastworks & right glad we were to put them between us & the enemy. In the fight we had David Arnott and Charles Nette killed and Nathan S. Auble wounded – from our Company. In the afternoon a very heavy force was massed in our rear – for the purpose of storming the enemys lines. They were composed of troops from the old 3rd Corps. While they were forming the rebel Artillery opened a tremendous fire upon us. Shells & shot fell to the right of us – and to the left & among us

A Gallant Flag Bearer

but the injured were few. We were lying close by the breastworks & the shell were striking uncomfortably near us – and we were hugging Mother earth as closely as we possibly could – when all at once there was a scattering & jumping up at the left of the Regt. We wondered what was the matter – but was told that a black snake had made his debut - & caused the fright. Back of us in an open field lay a regt of Infantry – flat on their stomachs. The Color bearer alone stood upright with his flag in his right hand. A shell fell & exploded in the soft ground right in front him. An immense cloud of smoke & dust was raised & we thought the poor fellow gone. The smoke rolled away & the dust settled down – but our flag was still there – and the brave man still stood there as if nothing had happened. The heavy force back of us soon commenced to march up to our right

A panic

and entered into the dark woods – full of dead men & the soil soaked with blood – to make the assault – They had hardly been in there 10 minutes & had not got fully into action yet – when out the whole Division came pell mell – in utter confusion – and ran back to the field where they first formed. I never saw such a babel – and if the Johnnies had then commenced to throw shell, they might hurt a good many men. The officers soon got them in order again and they marched away. Night came on and we laid on the cold, damp ground to seek that sweet repose and dream of home

Wednesday, May 11, 1864 - The weather is springy to day with rain and much mud. Company laid behind our works to day. There is some talk of a counter attack by the enemy – and about 6 o'clock we commenced to strengthen our works.

Soldiers Rests

We made them over six feet thick, and we are now confident we can repulse any attack that the Rebs may make. It is the impression that Lee must have some 90.000 men with him, and as he stands on the defensive, he posses a great advantage over the Union Army. Grant maybe has 110,000 men with him, but as his losses must reach some 40,000 in killed, wounded, and prisoners since the 4th of May – the new troops must come in very fast to keep our army up. True many of the wounded are but slightly hurt – probably one fourth – never leave their Companies at all. At night fall, every thing being quiet – we pitched our tents back of the works. Soon it came down a drenching rain, and we got wet to the skin. We finally huddled together in our little tents – the closer we laid – the warmer we got. About Midnight we were awakened out of a sound sleep by the heavy booming of a cannon, a short distance on our right – boom – boom – went

Still Sparring

went two more – making the woods ring with the echo, We turned uneasily over in our sleep – wishing them gunners were in purgatory, and we dreaded every moment to hear the sharp crack of the pickets rifles – and then we knew we would have to turn out. But I suppose our Cannoniers were just feeling to see if the enemy were still there – for in a second – boom – came the report of the Rebels cannon - and as their shell – screeched and whistled over the tree tops – everything grew still again, and peacefully we went to sleep again.

Thursday, May 12 - Rainy, Chilly, Muddy and disagreeable. At 9 O'clock we advanced in the woods in our front and opened on the enemy who were about 100 yards in our front. The Buck Tails were already in our front, and we went up to their line and blazed away at the enemy for a ½ hour and recd a good blazing in return which lost us 4 men out of the Co. and 14 from the

Them Buck Tails. Among the dead men

regiment. This afternoon there are heavy bodies of troops moving somewhere to the left. Across on our right it was amusing to see some Buck Tails skirmishing. Two or three of them would get together under cover – and one of them would get up and run from one tree to the other – and while the rebel would get up to shoot the running yank – the others would shoot him – and such excellent marksmen were they, that they generally brought their man. Was on guard all tonight.

Friday. May 13.1864 - Very Rainy and Nasty. I was detailed for the skirmish line at 3 O'clock P.M. We were posted near the line of battle of the previous days, and the woods were full of dead bodies of our soldiers, and the smell from them was sickening. At dark we were still further advanced & had to lay down flat on our bellies. I got an ammunition box, and breaking

Straggling

it in pieces I had a very good board to keep me out of the mud and wet. There we lay till mid night when we were relieved, and took up one of the worst and slowest mud marches in the dark that ever I experienced. If the ground had been in a fit condition to set down and rest on, it would not have been so bad. Every now and then some unfortunate devil would stumble and fall in the mud with a thump like an old log. Marched all night down to the left

Saturday, 14 May, 1864 - Rainy and Nasty weather. Two or three of us got separated from the Regiment, and as the marching was very slow, we concluded that we would halt and go into camp of our own account. So Ned Nunneville, Jim Perara & I went into the woods a little bit off the Fredericks burg pike – built a fire – pitched a tent & slept till morning. We had it made up to say that we were cattle guards – if any body had questioned us – but we were not troubled at all. Laid low all day and slept and rested.

The wrong Haversack

Sunday, May 15, 1864 - More rainy and cloudy weather. Pushed on about a mile this morning and rejoined our Regiment and laid in breastworks all day about 4 mile form Spottsylvania C.H. Lot of Veterans return to Regiment. Wrote 1 letter home.

Monday, 16 - Threatening Rain – but none came all day. Laid behind the works all day – but at evening the line was forwarded a short distance & laid there all night. Capt. Whitesides rejoins Regiment

Tuesday, 17. - Clear and Pleasant again. Took down our tents in the evening and went within a short distance of the Enemy, and worked nearly all night throwing up breastworks. Some hungry Yankee stole my haversack and all my rations while I was working.

Wednesday, 18 - Threatening Rain – but it didn't Rain though. In the morning a fierce artillery duel

A narrow escape

took place over on our right. We had a splendid view of the enemys practice, and their shells burst right over and among our guns – but didn't do much harm. The enemys were twice silenced and the last time give it up apparently as a bad job. In the evening the skirmishers in our front were driven back – and our Regiment were sent out to reinforce the 9th New York, who were out there. Laid out in the woods all night. Recd one Paper from home.

Thursday, 19th - Changeable with Rain. In the morning we were pushed out to the front line and there we passed the day. During the day a Reb. sharp shooter stole up on us and killed a man about 10 or 12 feet from me – shot him through the heart. I don't know but what he had sighted me as I was standing up and had sat down only a minute before. We all expected an attack, but none came. At sundown we were relieved, and on coming back were ordered down to the right as the Johnnies had come down on our right . A boot in the rear flank – near the Fredericksburg Pike. The old 3rd Corps under Birney was also going there. But the Heavy Artillery men had drove Hill back before we got there. Their over coats and knapsacks were strewn all along the road – under guard. They drove the Rebs until no Rebel could be found. One poor devil was going up a steep hill – full of stumps – and he turned and fired through the darkness – upon the dusky forms of the Yanks – The flash of his rifle revealed his position to the green troops who were in pursuit, and instantly a thousand muskets were fired after him – and the poor fellow must have been riddled with balls.

Friday, 20th May. - Hot and Sultry to day. Changed our position nearer the Road, and laid there all day. Mail arrives. Received 4 letters & 1 Paper

Saturday, 21st May - Fair and Pleasant, but rain at night. Took up the line of march at 11 o'clock

In line of Battle

and went to Guinneys Station – then around and crossed the river and marched up the hills in line of Battle. Had some right quick marching to day. One time when the Regiment halted – Sergt Robbins and myself were all that Co I could muster – at another time I was all of Co I – the rest had all fallen out to rest. We marched up the aforesaid hill and advanced some distance, and halted at a large farm, and bivouacked for the night.

Sunday, 22. - Clear And Warm. At daybreak we advanced in line of battle - Brigade front - for about 8 miles. A few Rebels were found – and they fired on us and retreated when we advanced. We twice built breastworks, but about 11 O'clock we turned back, and rejoined the army. At night we bivouacked near the Bowling Green Road. Very nice country that we have passed through.

Monday, 23 May - Clear and Warm. Getting very hungry as our rations are out. At 5 O'clock we got up &

A Red Hot reception

marched to a Brick Church – went down that road a mile, and the returned and went to the North Anna River. Forded it and were drawn up in line of Battle on the South side. We didn't expect the Rebs were very near us – but suddenly a cannon roared in our front – and a shell – burst over our heads – another – and another cannon sounded – until the earth shook and trembled with the fearful sound – and the shot & shell fell in – around and among us on all sides, but the only harm that I saw done was in stampeding some valuable horses of the staff officers – that were grazing when the firing Commenced. As for us – we hugged Mother earth as close as we could, and although at times we were covered with dust – and smoke from the shells – we were only badly scared. The enemy at the same time made a fierce attack on our right, and we were marched down there to assist the troops of that part of the line. We then marched back again to our first position. Working all night digging works – carrying ammunition – knapsacks, rations &c. Recd rations at Midnight.

Almost a prisoners

Tuesday, 24 May, 1864 - Changeable with Rain. Went on the skirmish line in the Morning. Crossed a field and halted at the edge of a woods. The skirmishers were thrown forward in the timber. I was on the reserve – and so I laid down, and being completely worn out I was soon asleep. When I awoke – all my comrades were gone. I listened awhile but all was silent. I then got up and took my accoutrements off – to push my clothes down – when – bung – went a gun in the woods and the ball came so close to me that it left no doubt in my mind, who it was intended for. I gathered up my baggage and started for the rear as fast as my willing feet would carry me – and if I didn't make as good time as a race horse it wasn't because I didn't try. When I got a good start the enemy got a sight on me and the way the balls flew was a caution. I finally gained the cover of a patch of woods – and readjusting my disordered toilet I made my way back to the Union line – foraging as I went and for supper I had Green Onions. Peas – Milk

A Silent March

- potatoes and flour. Hunted and marched for the Regiment all the evening but without success.

Wednesday, 25 May, 1864 - Changeable with Rain again to day. Found the Regiment in the morning and went out on the skirmish line. Lively times out there. After awhile we came to the rear and built breastworks. We are within rifle shoot of the Enemy all the time, as their rifle balls are constantly "zipping" around us.

Thursday, 26. Very Heavy Rain. Laid in the woods till 9 O'Clock P.M. and then got orders to march as silently as possible to the rear. We marched as silently as possible – and a person 100 yards from us would not have supposed a large army was passing so near him. We marched very slowly till we got to the River but when we got over we made up for lost time. Proceeded a couple of miles, and then halted and drew rations.

Across the Pamunkey

Friday, 27 May, 1864 - Went to sleep about 2 O'clock this morning and at daylight got up again and started on our march. At a place called Reedyville we stopped and made coffee. Then fell in line and marched all day. Made about 25 Miles.

Saturday, 28. - Clear and warm. Resumed the march at 4 O'clock A.M. and reached the Pamunkey at noon. Crossed and marched a mile down the river. Halted and built breastworks. Marched about 20 miles.

Sunday, 29 May - Clear and hot. Advanced about 2 miles, then laid in the woods till evening then advanced across a creek and built breastworks. Then returned to the woods again. Skirmishing in front.

Battle at Bethesda Church

Monday, 30 May, 1864 - Weather clear and very hot. Advanced about 10 o'clock this morning and come down the south side of Matequan Creek. We were a little in the rear – a Regt of New York Heavy Artillery being in our front. Against these a Rebel Regiment advanced, and soon they came back pell mell – we reproached them for their seeming cowaradice – but they all put it on – "Goompany L" It appears they stood the Rebel charge very well – until Co. L – broke – and then the other Eleven Companies broke also. We formed right back of them to receive the enemys attack – but they did not follow up their advantage. We were then ordered to advance as skirmishers. I saw a dead soldier laying out between the two lines. We were in a heavy woods, then come a large field, and the Johnnies were in another woods. I crept out on my stomach – and got a watch – a pipe and some other articles from the body. I then started on my return but just as I commenced to creep in – the

A flank fire

Rebels threw a skirmish line out in the field – I had some 50 yards to crawl and they were some 300 or 400 yards behind me. I snaked it along as fast as I could, with the balls whistling over me – but they did not see me – or I could not have escaped. Just as I gained the edge of the woods the storm burst in its fury, the rebels charged over to our woods, but we stood our ground and they soon retreated. A little while after we saw a large body of the Enemy coming down in the woods the other side of the field. We had a good cross fire on them – and as they charged that part of the line in their front we sent over a storm of leaden compliments thick and fast. Soon they broke and run but we could see but very few of them go back. Shot 65 Rounds of ammuniton today. Recd 2 and wrote 1 letter

Tuesday, 31 May - Hot and Dry. Laid in the woods behind the breastworks. Very heavy fighting both on our right & left.

Retaliation

In the morning two of our Soldiers were placed as Safe Guards over two farm houses a little in our front. After awhile the Johnnies rallied on our pickets and drove them back – past the Farm Houses; There they found the two guards left there to protect the houses against the depredations of our own men. They shot both the guards in the yards of the houses – the owners never interceding on their behalf. Soon our men allied and drove the enemy back – and there in the yards lay the dead Soldiers. To say the men were mad, would be to put it very lightly. Anyhow they went through them houses and smashed and broke everything from a tea cup to a Bed stead. I went down in the cellar and got some sorgum syrup and salt fish.

7 Miles of Richmond

June 1864 - The First day of June came in scorching hot and found us within two hours march of the Rebel Capitol. At 9 O'Clock we advanced over the battle field – shelling the woods as we went. We soon reached the edge of a woods and were treated to a heavy dose of solid shot and shell by those hospitable Southerns. We pushed on however, and at the edge of the timber we could see heavy bodies of the enemy moving Southward. Once they made a break for us – but didn't come near enough to get hurt. At 3 O'clock we advanced still further – building works all the time.

June 2, Thursday - Changeable with Rain. Built and strengthened our breastworks along a road or lane and laid there all day. Heavy shelling in the afternoon.

Wounded

Friday, June 3 - Clear and Pleasant. The enemy has a cross fire on us so we have to built cross sections along our works. The musket balls fell most uncomfortably close to us also – and many were the narrow escapes among our men. A little further along our right many men were killed and wounded. Nearly noon I undertook to get some good water to drink – as the water we had been drinking was stagnated and slimey. So I took a half dozen Canteens and a little tin bucket and had just started out when – bang – and a shell struck & cut off the top of a big tree that I was passing under. It bursted – and a piece struck me in the right hand, between my thumb and forefinger. I run back into the trenches while the shells screamed and shrieked around in a fearful manner. Many were killed and more were wounded, but we held our work. As soon as the firing was over I went back to the field hospital and from there I was sent to Corps hospital, where my hand was dressed. I consider God was most wonderfully [last line of page cut off]

White House

As we were coming to the hospital, we passed occasionally very near the front – and it seemed to me that the patter of the rifle shots we but a few hundred yards from us. A great many troops were moving out – all going slowly Southward.

Saturday, 4 June - Cloudy & Rainy. Left Corps Hospital at 1 P.M. and started to walk to the White House. Passed through a low, but pretty well cultivated country, inhabited mostly by Indians, and their descendts who live in small but comfortable houses. When we got at White House landing, we found several hundred Rebel prisoners there under guard, also a good many Union troops, with great quantities of Commissary stores of all kinds. There is also many wounded men here who are being shipped away on the large Steamboats as fast as they arrive. I got on board of the Utica, a large river Steamboat. There are 455 Wounded men

[At this point it appears the Regimental updates were added later, sometimes squeezed in between or to the side of the lines of writing. Therefore am placing them at the end of each day's entry, titled 'Regt'.]

A miserable Sabbath

on board, the most of them hurt very badly, and not able to help themselves. The boat pushed out in the stream and laid by till morning. Regt. The rebs shelled our pickets with the regiment

Sunday, June 5, 1864 - Weather very hot – with showers of rain. Started down the Pamunky at 6 a.m. The river is about the narrowest – marshiest and crookedest piece of a water that I have seen yet. Before we reached the end of the days journey, one of the wounded men died, and the boat stopped at Yorktown and left his body off. Reached the mouth of the Potomac at dark and the boat lays to. We now find that there is nothing to eat on board the boat, and all the men are calling for food. The smell from the wounds of the soldiers is almost unbearable, and the poor fellows are suffering dreadfully. I wonder how the folks at home are spending their Sabbath? Regt. The regt left works at 8 O'clock PM and marched all night

Alexandria

Monday, June 6, 1864 - Very oppressive in the morning, but in the afternoon it rained. Steamed up the Potomac and at Noon, Debarked at Alexandria and went to the Soldiers Rest Hospital. Eat a plain but a most welcome supper. Wrote 1 letter home. Regt. halted put up tents and rested all day

Tuesday, June 7 - Clear and Pleasant. Had my hand dressed, and cleaned myself up generally, and I feel very nicely. In the afternoon members of the Christian Commission distribute books and papers to the men. Wrote 2 letters. Regt. ready to move but didn't march. Lively firing in front in PM

Bound for home

Wednesday, June 8 - Weather clear and Pleasant. Doing very well. Plenty of wounded men around. All the large buildings are occupied as hospitals. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Drum Corp beat reville. Laid out camp near Cold Harbor. Little firing in front, but are too far back to get hit.

Thursday, 9 June - Changeable with rain. My hand is very painful to day, but I am fortunate to what some of the poor fellows are. A lot of wounded fellows – fresh from the front arrived to day. Oh the suffering & agony & misery it has taken & will still be required to preserve our Glorious Union. Regt. still in camp

Friday, June 10 - Weather Clear. A lot of wounded Soldiers were packed off in the morning, and I was lucky enough to be one of 'em. Came to Washington & got on the train to come to Philadelphia.

Sweet Philadelphia

I am at last going home! After an absence of 33 months I am on my journey home! I can scarcely realize the good news, but the heavy breathing of the Iron Horse as it starts out of the city of Magnificent mud – tells me it is no dream but "dot it ish sho." Well to make a long story short – after innumerable delays – we passed through Baltimore & reached the City of Brotherly Love at Eleven O'Clock P.M. Got off the train & went to a hospital that was built upon the N.E. Cor of Broad & Wash.Ave. Washed my face & slept very soundly the balance of the night. Regt. Had dress parade in Eve.

Saturday, 11 - Clear. Wanted to go home, but the surgeon wouldn't allow me to do so – Was send to Haddington Hospital & was not able to get a pass all day. I wrote a letter, however telling the folks of my arrival. Regt. Marched to near Meadow Bridge & camped

Home Sweet Home

Sunday, June 12, 1864. - Clear and warm. Finally got a pass in the evening & started for home. Mother now lives at 1122 Peirce St. Got there at 8 O'Clock – but Mother wasn't home. Went into Mr Browns opposite & soon Mother come. Went down to Church in the evening & was glad to see all the people. Regt put on picket. At 6 P.M. marched all night & crost the Chickahomony at Long Bridge.

Monday, June 13. - Clear. Went with Mr Menigo – down to Aunt Anns, Maags – Dillons, over Jersey. Long – Corbils, Fenners, & Shislers. Went to the Churchs fair in the evening but didn't stay long – soon went home. Regt. Marched 3 miles suppt. the Cav. formed line battle – had skirmish. Capt Rhoads killed – built works – marched at night

Tuesday, 14 - Clear and nice weather. Went over to the hospital in the morning. Regt. In cornfield all day

Wednesday, 15 - Sister Elizabeth come over in the afternoon & got me a pass & I come home. Regt. In camp

Handshakings

Thursday, June 16, 1864 - Weather Clear. Went down to Uncle John Vautiers & Aunt Louisa Youngs & to Church in the evening. Regt. Marched at daylight to James River - & crossed – on Str Jno. Brooks at Charles City Crossing – Took March at 2 P.M. & marched all night. Heavy firing in front, halted 3 am

Friday, 17 - Clear Weather. Went to the market in the A.M. & then to the Hospital. Regt. Took posit. in line. & adv. supporting 2nd Corps. Heavy firing – at Mid N. fell back out of range

Saturday, 18 - Clear. Got a pass in the morning & went home. Went to Carncross & Dixeys in the evening. Regt. Formed line battle and advanced – troops an orchard – over the R. R. – again charged & took a hill within 150 yards of Reb works – again charged but line to right & left didn't come up and repulsed – lay low under a hot fire. Our colors close up to their works. Entrenched – fired ab 300 shots to a man – lost 25 men

Sunday, 19 - Clear & Warm. Went to S.S. & Church in A.M. afternoon & evening. Spoke to the School in the morning. Down to Shetzlines for dinner. Regt. Relieved in P.M. & lay in line behind R.R.

Bumps

Monday, 20 June, 1864 - Clear & Hot. Went back to the Hospital in A.M. Regt. In line battle behind R.R.

Tuesday, 21st - Weather warm & clear. Lib. Come over & got a pass – Come home & passed an evening at Corbits. Regt. In line battle behind RR. Rebs attacked our picket line

Wednesday, 22 - Clear Weather. Went to Capen – the phrenologist in 10th Ab. Chestnut and had my head examined to see what I was good for. Told me I was suited for the Commission Business. I don't know wether I am or not, but I have an idea that Capen was trying to give me my moneys worth. Come away hugely delighted & very well satisfied with myself. Regt. In the front – firing all day

Thursday, 23 - Hot & Sultry. Went to Sanitary Fair with Mother & to Church in evening. Regt. On picket firing all day

Tramping

Friday, June 24, 1864 - Very Hot. Went down to the Church in the morning and fixed Fathers grave. Come home then and went over to the Hospital. Regt. Marched to the left and are shelled heavily as we march. Halt on the Jerusalem Plant Road.

Saturday, 25 - Got a pass & with a comrade named Willey visited Fairmount Park & Independence Hall. Went to Fenners in the evening. Very Hot. Regt. In the 3rd line all day – on picket at dark under fire

Sunday, 26 - Changeable with Rain. To Sunday School & Church Down to Uncle Charles in the afternoon. Regt. On picket. Made a treaty with the Johnnie not to fire on one another.

Monday, 27 - Cloudy. Went down to Uncle Charles and got some cherries & then over to the Hospital. Regt. Occasional firing. Relieved from picket at night

Good Times

Tuesday, 28 June - In hospital all day. Clear & Warm. Regt. In line behind breastworks

Wednesday, 29 - Clear & Hot. Went down to Uncle Charles in the morning after Cherries. Stopped at Uncle John Vautiers for dinner & then come back to the hospital. Regt. Still behind the works

Thursday, 30 - Come over in the afternoon & went to Church in the evening. Wrote 1 letter. Weather Cloudy. Regt. On picket at night – within 50 yards of the 23rd North Carolina.

A tremendous hail storm

July 1864

Friday, the First - Very heavy hail storm in the afternoon at the hospital. Some of the hail stones were as large as shell barks & some even as large as small walnuts. A great deal of damage was done to the fruit trees & glass generally. The storm didn't reach the neck. In the evening I come over home & went to Carncross & Dixeys. Regt. Built works on the right of the Jerusalem P. Rd. Sun hot all day – work all night on the works

Saturday, 2nd - Changeable weather with Rain. At home nearly all day rambling around the Neck. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Heavy Art. firing on the right – all quiet on the front

"Deserter"

Sunday, 3d July, 1864 - Warm Weather. Attended Church & Sunday School all day. Went to the Anniversary of the Lutheran Sunday School – with our own school in the afternoon. Regt. all quiet

Monday, 4th July - The Glorious 4th was clear & Pleasant. Went down to Uncle John Vautiers for dinner. The people are not celebrating the 4th as they should. The Army & its operations are too much on their thoughts. Regt. Sanitary Com. issue Potatoe – onion Pickles Sauerkraut Canned Turkey – chicken - & Beef. Music all day – Color flying

Tuesday, 5th - Clear & Warm. Came over to the hospital in the morning & found that the hospital had been mustered – and I not being there the Doctor Commanding had marked me a deserter. Regt. But little firing

Marching Orders

Wednesday, 6th - Hot & Clear. Lib – Miss Wayne – Miss Hoffman - & Miss Dickhart come over to the hospital in the morning – but couldn't get me a pass. Wrote 3 letters, Regt. All quiet.

Thursday, 7 - Changeable with Rain. Notified that I will be sent to the army again in the morning. Went down & bid everybody good bye. Regt. Lively firing – 5 or 6 men wounded – moved to the right of the brigade.

Friday, 8 July - Cloudy. Run the guard & got in the hospital before breakfast. I had to do this as I had no pass. Regt. Heavy shelling.

[Sketch: Rebel Battle Flag]

Good Bye Again

Saturday, July 9. 1864 - Very Hot. Left the hospital at 8 O'Clock & come to the Carriage Factory Hospital & Barracks S.E. 5 & Buttonwood. There we were put up in the 3rd Story. In another room on the same floor was confined a lot of bounty jumppers, and a fearful crowd they were. Such swearing & growling & fighting would reflect upon the inmates of the Penetentary. Whenever a new comer was brought in – the whole pack would pounce on him & the guard had to interfere to preserve some kind of order. Went to the Depot at 6 O'Clock & took the train for Washington. Passed through Baltimore. Regt. All quiet – sun hot

Sunday, 10 July - Clear & Hot. Just as we were coming in Washington our train ran into another train – but outside of a little concussion – there wasn't

The raid on Washington. Fall in.

much damage done. Marched through Washington & went over the Potomac into the Convalescent Camp. Regt. Heavy picket firing in regiment

Monday, 11 July. - It is very Hot to day. This morning we were all roused up & ordered to fall in & draw guns &c. The enemy are reported as making a rapid march or raid on Washington – through Maryland. All the Convalescent Soldiers in camp – to the number of probably One Thousand – were got in line & we took up our march for the City. We passed over the Acqueduct Bridge & went to Tennalytown & took position behind the breastworks. On the march it was very hot & 8 or 10 of the men fell on the road sun struck. I felt the heat a good deal – but it didn't hurt me any. There is a great scare here among the Authorities, about the attempt the enemy

Manouvering

are apparently marking to take our Capitol. Big clouds of dust are rising over in the direction the Confederates are said to be. Secy Seward – a little withered up – gray headed man – came out & looked around among the men. About Eleven O'Clock this night there was a fresh scare & we were roused up & changed our position in the breast works – which are already built & extend from Fort to Fort. Regt. Sun awful not in regiment

Tuesday, 12 July - Hot and changeable with showers. Are making changes in our positions all day. First we go to one place & then another. In the morning there was some skirmishing about a mile out in the front & our pickets were driven in. I saw some very pretty artillery practice during the day. A number of Confeds had taken up a position behind a Hay Stack

Big Guns & Wooly Heads

about a mile out & were annoying our pickets. Fort DeRussey was accordingly ordered to open on them with their big guns. The first shot that was fired – exploded away up high above the stack. The second shot exploded – probably 100 feet above the stack. The third shot struck right by the stack, and the enemy without any further warning – got up & dusted. Regt. Up at 2 am. Our Brig. went to rear - & regts took its place deploying along the breast works – to make a display

Wednesday, 13th - Very hot & Sultry. There are some negro troops laying in the works near us & it is as good as a circus to go see them. They call one another all the "Cat fish mouths" "Wooly Heads" "Niggers Heels" & all sorts of names. I don't think they would amount to much in a fight. I went over among the stumps in front of the works after berrys. Changed position again at 11 P.M. Regt. On picket under shells

Recconoitering

Thursday, July 14, 1864 - Not so Hot as yesterday. Laid in the trenches all day. Went out & got some more berrys in the afternoon Regt. On picket under lively shelling

Friday, 15. - Clear and Hot. Our detachment made a recconoisance in our front in the morning – but finding nothing we returned to the works in the evening. Wrote 2 letters. Regt. Rejoin brig. form regular Camp – building Ft. Crawford.

Saturday, 16 - Very Hot Sun – but good breeze is blowing. Marched over to Fort Simmons a couple of mile from DeRussey. Regt. Built breast w. in left of fort.

Capturing a Milk House

Sunday, 17 July - Hot & Dry. Went out on picket 3 or 4 mile front of Timmons. There was a nice spring House near our picket post. We got talking to the milk woman - & she said she didn't mind the soldiers taking the milk – but didn't want them to break the jars. About midnight myself & a comrade got very dry (milk thirsty, like) & concluded we would make an assault on the milk house. We accordingly captured the milk house & while one went in & passed out the pans (earthen) of rich milk – the other stood guard. We took all the milk we could carry – about a gallon in & outside of us – placed the jars very carefully in the spring house again & come back to the tent. Wrote 3 letters. Regt. Working on the breast works

Disarmed

Monday, 18 July, 1864 - Hot & Dusty. Feasted on black berries & milk. Retd from picket in the afternoon & marched back to Washington & put up at the Barracks (Cliffburne) Regt. Built another line on the right of the fort

Tuesday, 19. - Very Hot & Sultry. Lay around the Barracks all day. Wrote 4 letters. Regt. Finished the works.

Wednesday, 20 - Warm – but had a sprinkling of rain. Took up our quarters in A. Tents and turned in our guns. Wrote 3 letters. Regt. Put an abattes in front of works

Thursday, 21 - Very Hot. Was examined by a board of Surgeons to see wether I am fit to go back to active services. I told them they were not examining

Camp Distribution

me as I was all right for duty and wished to be sent to my Regt. In the evening had a grand dress parade at which there was several thousand men – convalescents from various Regts. Regt. Working on abattes

Friday, July 22. 64 - Very Hot & Sultry. Had nothing else to do so I went blackberring. Wrote 2 letters when I came back. Regt. Moved camp May 7 of 107 Pa in Command of Regt

Saturday, 23 - Hot & Dusty. Dreadful tiresome laying around here doing nothing. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Fixed camp.

Sunday, 24 - Cloudy but warm. Several thousand of us left the barracks this am and marching through Washington, crossed the Potomac at the Long Bridge & went to Camp Distribution. Went to Church in Eve. Regt. Orders to get in works anticipated assault

In camp

Monday, 25 July, 1864 - Heavy Rain to day. Herron, Dewey, Charles & Rogers – some of Co Cs men of my Regt – came to the camp to day from Phila. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Heavy skirmishing in front all day. Cold rain & wind which demolished many tents.

Tuesday, 26 - Cleared up Hot. Nothing particular stirring. Drew a pr shoes and pr sock from Q. Master. Regt. Have dress parade but no rations

Wednesday, 27 - Clear and Pleasant. Drew Spring field rifles & wrote a letter to Mary & Abe. Removed to Barrack No 11. Regt. Drew rations Bread potatoes & onions.

Thursday, 28 - Pretty Hot. Wrote 2 letters one to Oliver – and one to Aunt Louise. Regt. All quiet

Recruiting up

Friday, 29 July, 1864 - Very Hot and sultry. Had general inspection to day. Washed my shirts & cleaned up generally. Had dress parade in evening. Attended Church in the evening. Wrote a letter to Charlie. Regt. Quiet – only one shell fell in our camp.

Saturday, 30th - Excessively Hot. Washed the Barracks out. Had another Dress parade toward evening. Went to church. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. Up at 2 a.m. drew 40 ex. rounds – took place 94 N.Y. in Ft. Crawford – Mine Explosion – Heavy fighting

Sunday, 31 - Hot & Sultry. All the Convalescents whose Regts are in the 6th & 19th Corps – were sent away this A.M., but for some cause or other they didn't get off & came back again. Dress parades & Inspections. Went to church Morning afternoon [last line of page cut off]. Regiment: Up again 2 am exp. an attack. moved out to the picket line at 5 am & Brig. on picket

Nothing to do

August 1864

Monday the 1st - Came in pretty Hot. We moved out of our barracks & went into Camp over by Ft. Blenker. We came over again for our suppers though. This Convalescent camp is for the purpose of receiving soldiers from the hospitals who may be nearly recovered from wound or sickness. There are several thousand Convalescent soldiers here. Wrote 1 letter. Regiment – up at daybreak & stack arms

Tuesday, August 2nd - Very warm & Sultry. Rain in P.M. Everything very dull. There was some target firing to day from Ft. Blenker. We amused ourselves by looking at that. Regt. On picket

Watermellon lunch

Wednesday, 3rd August, 1864 - The Weather is very hot to day. Went over to the Barracks & amused myself general by walking & talking. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. still on picket, no firing as the rebs are not visible.

Thursday, 4th - Warm enough, but more pleasant than yesterday. Washed & cleaned up. Barnes one of my tent mates bought a watermellon for 85₵ & we had a good feed. Nothing is growing in the Country around here. Everything has been destroyed & Forts are erected on the highest hills. Wrote 1 letter. Regt. On picket – put tents up in a line & shades over them

Friday, 5th - Hot, Warm & Sultry all Combined. Went out black Berrying Wrote 1 letter. Regt. On picket all quiet

Saturday, 6 Aug., 1864 - Heavy Rain Storms. On Camp Guard. Regt. Orders to be up at 3 every morning & stack arms

Sunday, 7. - Changeable. Cloudy & Hot by turns. Come off Camp guard in a.m. Regt. On picket all quiet

Monday, 8 - Very Hot again. Built a bunk in our house. On picket Art firing on our right

Tuesday, 9th - Very hot & close. Regiment in service 3 years to day. Saw Jim Richardson, a member of my Co. Recd 3 letters. Regt. Called up at 12 Midnight but didn't move

Moonlight on the Bay

Wednesday, Aug 10, 1864 - Very Hot. There was a man found drownd in the spring to day. About dusk we received the welcome orders to get ready & pack up, as we were going to be sent to the front. Wrote a letter to Mother. Regt. On picket – quiet

Thursday, 11 - Hot again enough to roast abody. About mid night we packed up & took up the line of march & came to Alexa. Got on the steam boat Georgia and steamed down the Potomac. Passed Ft. Washington & Mt Vernon & entered the bay at night. Splendid breeze on the bay. Saw whole schools of porpoises & lots of Crabs. By the time we got in the wide water, the moon arose in all her brilliance – casting lines of quivering silver over the dancing sparkling waters

Going to the Front

and I really enjoyed myself. Alas! how many of these light hearted fellows on board are going to their death. Reached Fts Monroe at 10 P.M. Regt. On picket. Paymaster paid the regiment

Friday, 12 - Very Hot. Started from Fts. Monroe, at break of day and reached City Point at 3 O'Clock in the afternoon. Got off boat & while we were waiting – a lot of us took a swim in the James River. We soon got on the cars – went out about 4 mile and encamped for the night. We can hear the distant sound of the cannon & by attentively listening the patter of the small arms can be also heard. The Country here is cut to pieces. Not a living thing hardly growing – except a few trees. Everything is cast down & trampled in the mud. Regt. On picket. all quiet

Home Again

Saturday, 13th August, 1864 - Dusty & Hot. Something like olden times again to be marching in the clouds of dust & under the beams of a scorching Southern sun. Got in line this morning & went tramping on. On the road we passed a gibbet – where several of our soldiers had been hanged for desertion and other crimes. It is well. The only trouble is that there has not been half enough executions of the bounty jumppers, deserters and other desperadoes that infest every Regiment in the service. Discipline should be enforced & the lawless spirits sent where they could do our cause no harm. The further on we went the sharper the firing was heard, until we reached Corps. Hd. Quarters. There wasn't any cannonading, but merely picket firing on the outposts. We soon reached our Regiments & I was overjoyed to again meet my old Comrades & companions of many a hard fought field, and weary march.

A big Scare

watching every stump & listening for any thing that might make a noise. I could hear the whistle & rumbling of the cars away over on the Weldon R.R. I was walking up & when near the little brush house, it fell with a crash! I was scared. What caused the house to fall? The only conclusion that I could come at, was that some enemy was trying to creep in it - had run against one of the posts - & down it had come about his ears. And what was I to do? I wasn't 20 feet from it. If I ran the enemy would shoot me in the back – so I brought my gun down to a trail & with my bayonet ready for use I advanced. Well my scare was all for nothing. The weight of the "rain drops on the roof" had caused it to fall – and I was glad – very glad of it. Got orders to pack up – but as we haven't much to pack up – that don't amt. to much. Wrote 1 letter

On picket

There isn't many of them left – not more than 200 in the entire Regt. The boys were on picket on the extreme left of the army. Regt. On picket.

Sunday, 14 August. - Cloudy & Heavy Rain at night. On picket at night. Was placed on picket in a place that had been a heavy piece of woods. The timber had been cut down however & lay around in brush heaps. Over a short distance the timber still was standing. On my post there was a little brush house - built by some former sentry to protect him for the sun. It was a very rude affair – merely four posts – crotches – driven in the ground – with cross pieces - & the top was covered with brush – the sides being open. About midnight it had been raining very hard – and I was pacing my beat.

Good things from the Commission

Monday, 15th August, 1864 - Heavy Rainy Weather. Relieved from Picket by the 50th Pa of the 9th Corps. & then our Brigade march to a position in the rear of the left Centre and encamp in the woods.

Tuesday, 16th - Cloudy & Wet. Lay in camp & clean up. Wrote 1 letter.

Wednesday, 17th - Very cloudy. At 3 O'Clock this a.m. we were roused up – silently folded our tents & after we got everything ready for a night march – when the orders were countermanded & we lay down & went to sleep again. The Sanitary Commission issued to us, Potatoes, turnip, Cabbages – pickles, Onions, Herring, & beats. How is that for Soldiers Fare

Breaking the Weldon Road

Thursday, 18 August, 1864. - Rainy & disagreabale. About 2 O'Clock in the morning – a heavy cannonading commenced, and was kept up for some time. We in the meantime got up & marched around to the left of our army – through the woods – and struck the Weldon R.R. at the yellow Tavern. There was some fighting – caused by the enemy getting between some of our Divisions – and they captured quite a lot of our troops. We however closed up & advanced & drove them back. Captain Houder was killed by a ball in the forehead while leading the advance. To day I am in service 35 months. Got one more month to serve yet. Capt Houder killed on 19. Error in copying from my diary.

[Sketch: August 21 1864]

A fierce attack

Friday, August 19. 1864 - I made an error in this – The regiment was in the woods on the 19th and this battle here in described occured on the 21st. Rainy, wet & muddy. Built breastworks – somewhat in the form of a horseshoe, with the outerside to the enemy. After some preliminary movements in which we lost quite a number of men – including our Orderly Sergt. Morris Robbins – the battle opened in earnest. The Confederates - elated at their first success – made a heavy attack on our works -. They didn't attack in the front of our Regt – but on the opposite side – like of the horse shoe. This threw all the balls & shells right on our backs – so we jumped over on the other side of the works & laid low. And they give us a perfect hail of Cannon balls & Shells right there. Balls to the right of us - Balls to the left of us – Balls to the front of us & in short balls all around us. I suppose no less than a dozen shells fell within a radius of 100 feet of us – throwing up the dirt – bursting - & tearing around

A fearful slaughter

generally in a fearful style. There was a Regiment laying over a hundred yards or so back of us – one shell struck right among them - & the way the limbs - & muskets & things flew was appalling, mingled with the noise & screeching of the shells was the piteous cries of the wounded men. It was fearful. One shot struck right in a stack of muskets - & knocked the muskets around in all directions. In the midst of all this fray – there was Genl. Warren riding around as cool as if he was inspecting a wheat field. Well about the fight. They made a very heavy attack on our works on the other side – but were repulsed first, last & all the time & many a brave Southern man was left on the ground weltering in his blood. Of their assaulting Columns – but few reached their woods again, nearly all were killed, wounded or captured. One South Caroline Regt. charged about half way over the ground & finding how useless was their bloody labour - that

We Surrender

they lay down and threw up their hats as a token of surrender. No sooner did they do this than our men ceased firing on them – and they taking advantage of this – got up & ran to their rear as fast as their willing feet could carry them. But they were not destined to get off so easily – for no sooner did they get up to dust – than our whole line opened on them, and few of them ever got back safe. The rest of our force are busily engaged in destroying the Rail Road

Saturday, 20 Aug., 1864 - More Rain & Uncomfortable Weather. Our Brigade was relieved from duty in the breastworks, and we came back a short distance & built more works. Correct

The Boys in Mud.

Sunday, August 21, 1864 - Cloudy & Warm by turns. People say that the discharging of heavy guns has the effect of making it rain - & I am persuaded to believe that there is something in that theory – judging from the heavy rains we have had lately. The Confederates made another attack on our lines – down below us a piece – but were easily repulsed. We moved down the Rail Road a piece, and again threw up works. This is the day the assault was made in the horseshoe

Monday, 22 Aug. - Warm in the day time, but heavy rain during the night. We are in a sorry condition – in regard to our personal cleanliness. Have scarcely had time to wash our faces, since the movement began, and have had no opportunity at all to cleanse our clothing. Our army is generally known as the "boys in Blue" – but this part of it could be more appropriately called the "Boys in Mud"

Holding our position

To day we strengthened our works & waited for an attack – but none came.

Tuesday, 23 August. - Very Hot. Got a ration of fresh bread – a loaf a piece. How good it tastes – even if we don't have any butter. Continued to tear up the rail road. In the afternoon we advanced in line of battle to protect the First Brigade in destroying the track. Our Generals have to be very careful how they move – Heavy bodies of the enemy are concealed in the dense woods – near us - & the least gap in our lines is at once taken advantage of by them. They are doing all they can to regain this road – but Grant holds on to it – with the grip of a bull dog. In the evening we came back to our works. Wrote 2 letters

Marks of the Storm

Wednesday, 24 August, 1864 - Cloudy And Shiney – by turns. Lay in the breast works at noon & then go over in the woods & encamp. Recd 1 letter

Thursday, 25 August - Very Hot in the Morning, but rain in the afternoon. Got orders at 3'O Clock this morning to pack up. We accordingly packed up forthwith, but as they didn't appear to want us just then we laid down and rested as best we could. Finally – about 11 O'Clock we fell in, & marched out the Rail Road toward Petersburg. We were on the field that the Confed's had fought on some days previously, and the trees were fearfully cut & scarred by musket balls. A great many little saplings were cut down entirely by the leaden storm that had rained on them, and it is a mystery to me, how the enemy managed to live at all in such a hot place.

A hard days work

Presently we were ordered back in quick time, and lay in the breastworks, awaiting an attack from a body of the enemy who were hovering on our flanks. Towards evening we hear heavy firing down the road - & it is said the Second Corps is having a heavy engagement all to them selves. We soon were ordered down that way & forming across the road on the left of the R. R. – we went to work & threw up breastworks. The ground was soggy & heavy – our tools were poor & scarce – and although we worked as hard as beavers – it was a couple of hours before we got anything of much consequence up. In the evening when we got done I was so tired that I didn't know what to do with myself. I couldn't rest laying down – and I could not rest standing up nor walking around. Every bone, I believe – in my whole body ached – and I could get no rest in any position – for a good while. I think I can safely declare – without fear of contradiction from subsequent experience – that I worked harder to day

Feeling

than ever before or after during my life. Recd 1 letter

Friday, 26 August, 1864 - More rain to day. Lay in our works all day resting. Drew rations of potatoes, onions, Bread – whiskey &c. Wrote 2 letters

Saturday, 27. - Weather Clear. Went out – about a Division – toward Poplar Grove Church recconoitering. In the afternoon Genl Grant, Mead, Warren, Hancock & other notables ride by our camp. Wrote 3 letters

Getting ready to stay

Sunday, Aug. 28., 1864 - Weather getting somewhat cooler. Co. & Brigade Inspection. Jas Peraras time having expired he today departs for home. The first of our Company to leave us. The officers are putting up their marquees & things are having a staying look about them. Recd 1 letter

Monday, Aug 29. Rainy, Muddy & uncomfortable. Made out pay roll for Co. I. Detailed to work on the hospital. Recd 1 letter. Wrote 3. do [ditto]

Feeling for a weak spot

Tuesday,, August 30, 1864 - Cloudy & Fair by turns. Finished Co I muster Rolls. Wrote 1 letter

Wednesday, 31 - Weather clear. Detailed to work on the new Fort out on the Rail Road. About 5 O'Clock P. M. We came in & got orders to pack up. It didn't take us long to do that & we marched over & occupied the old camp ground – which we had vacated on the 24 Aug. In the afternoon there was considerable picket firing along the lines – the Rebs – are evidently feeling for an open spot - & if they find one – we shall soon know it. Mustered in Evening

Marching out

September 1864

Thursday, 1st - Clear and pleasant Weather. Cleaned up camp & put things to right generally. After a while we got orders to fall – stack arms – and await orders. We are waiting.

Friday, 2nd - Very Hot to day. At One o'clock this a.m. we were roused up & fell in. Our Division was then massed on the left – At daybreak we marched down or up to the Centre - & Halted – while a Division of Cavalry – passed out ahead of us. Every one of us thought we were now in for it - & as we were marching out – every soldier was busy with his own thoughts – hardly a word was spoken. We were sure that a stubborn fight would now take place – for the Confederates

Marching Back

would not allow the army to get on their flank & threaten their Communications without a vigorous protest. These protests are in the shape of Counter Attacks – striking our lengthened Column wherever they find a chance, and on nearly every occasion they managed to find that unprotected place. And woe unto that Division or Brigade found napping! Before they are aware of it – they are attacked in front & flanks & they are very lucky if any Considerable portion of them gets back to our lines. After a while we were halted & ordered back again & immediately every tongue was loosed. Everybody had something to say, and I think all of us felt glad that we were alive. We soon got back to camp & settled ourselves. Recd 1 letter & wrote 1 letter.

Cutting timber

Saturday, Sept 3, 1864 - Weather Cloudy and warm by turns. Detailed to work on the South Fort. Genls. Grand & Lew Wallace & Secy Fessenden visited the fort on a tour of inspection

Sunday, 4 Sept. - Weather Changeable. Cloudy & Hot. Nothing stirring to break the Monotony of camp life to day, Recd 3 letters and wrote 3.

Monday, 5 Sept. - Pretty warm to day. We were engaged to day in cutting trees down in the woods – so as to give the guns of the South fort a clear range. The trees were falling pretty thick . Two or three of Co A. men were engaged in cutting down a very large tree – which came down sooner than they expected – or I either. Harry Booz & I were standing talking but a few feet from the tree when it

Death of Corp. Hoffman

fell but luckily it did not fall our way. It however went crashing to the ground & before all the men could get out of the way it was on them. Corporal Wesley Hoffman of Co A was crushed beneath one of the limbs. We jumped to work & cut him out - & I went over to a battery encamped hard by & borrowd a stretcher, and we carried him in camp. But his eyes had already put on a dying look, and his lips had ceased to speak. He died that night.

Tuesday, 6 September - Drizzly & Rainy. Cutting down trees and building breastworks on the left flank. A tree fell on Clikett of Co K, and badly hurt him..

Thinking about going home

Wednesday, Sept 7. 1864 - Cleared off to day. On camp guard.

Thursday, 8. Sept. Rain again to day. Recd 1 letter.

Friday, Sept 9 - Cleared off to day & is right pleasant. Washed my clothes and cleaned up as I am thinking a good bit about going home. Recd 2 letters & wrote 2.

Saturday, 10 - Cloudy but didn't rain. Moved camp & renovated things generally. They are building a new cordrouy road

A Salute

to connect with the City point road & it will come right through our camp. Eleven of Co. B men go home to day – their time having expired. Peter D Shearer was included among them.

Sunday, 11th Sept. - Variable. Some Hot. Some cloudy & some Rain. Detailed to work on the Cordoruy road that runs around the rear of the army. Worked hard all day on the road. The Rail Road is also completed to this point - & this evening the engine came down – blowing her whistle & ringing her bell. All the Soldiers in the different camps, as soon as they heard the locomotive coming, began to yell & cheer, and the woods rang with the shouts of the soldiers.

Incidents

Monday, Sept 12. 1864 - Clear and pleasant. A lady, belonging to some of the officers while riding along near camp, fell off her horse. This amused event caused some excitement in camp. Wrote 1 letter

Tuesday, 13. - Clear Weather. A mule & driver back off the road into a ditch near camp. After some trouble the mule was got on hard ground again, the Driver having previously scrambled out. Sam Fusman returns to Company. There was also a presentation of medals at Corps Head Quarters – to meritorious soldiers. Genl Meade made the presentation speech. Recd 1 letter.

My last march with the Regt.

Wednesday, Sep 14, 1864 - Clear & Nice. Came off camp guard to day. Another lady slipped off the saddle, near camp to day.

Thursday, 15th - Very Hot to day. At 2 O'Clock this morning we were roused up - & fell in line in light marching order. At daylight we advanced out in the direction of the South Side, Rail Rd. Went to Poplar Grove Church & drove some small parties of the enemy before us. The boys all persuaded me to go back, in keep under cover – as my time would now be out in a couple of days. I didn't see much to get frightened at however, as we are not actively engaged yet – although I expect every moment to hear the boom of the cannon & the screech of the shell. Then it will be time enough to thinking

My last picket

about getting back. Near noon we turned around & came back – much to my relief I confess. I felt very sick when I came back to camp – something very unusual for me to be sick – as I generally feel very well, & able to march with the best. Wrote 1 letter

Friday, 16 Sept. - Clear and Warm. Splendid falling weather – not withstdg it is somewhat warm in the middle of the day. This is the last day of my service. There was some pickets wanted from our Co – and I voluntd to go. I was accordingly placed on the outposts as a vidette, and served in that capacity nearly all night. I keep a strict watch on everything around. Several of the enemy were reported to be in the woods opposite, but I couldn't see any appearance of danger – although there was

Farewell Boys and God bless you

pretty lively firing up to the right. Recd 1 letter

Saturday, 17 - Came out Hot and clear. Was relieved from picket at daylight & came back to Regt. Went over in the afternoon to get mustered out, but the man in shoulder straps refused to discharge. So I had to come back very much disappointed

Sunday, 18. - Cloudy. Ned Nunneville and I went over and got mustered out so now I am No longer a Soldier. Left our little squad, to go to City Point. There is only 9 of our Co. now left behind. Farewell boys!

Severing tender associations

When we meet again may it be in a better place & under better auspices than we part. Good men and true you are. You have passed through the fire; and have not escaped unhurt, But you would reinlist – so you must stay, while I go home. Reached City Point at 10 o'clock at night, and was provided for in the Christian Commission Tent. Thanks be to God, who has so mercifully spared my unworthy life through all these years of toil, danger and hardship. While my dear companions and comrades have been killed on my right hand, and torn and maimed on my left – He – praise and love His holy name – has wonderfully spared me, and here I am, a living monument of His tender mercy. Praise the Lord, O' my soul, and forget not all his benefits.

City Point

Monday, 19 Sept, 1864. - Very Hot to day – but I don't care for the heat now. No more hot dusty marches for me. No more aggravating thirst. No. No More hunger. No more exposure to the Heat, Cold, Rain, Snow. No more away from Friends, Home, Church and kindred associations. My apprenticeship is ended. and I am going home. Got some provinder at the Christian Commission tent, some pickles & crackers &c. Procured a pass from the Provost Marshall & took the mail Boat and steaming down the James – am homeward bound.

Home Again for good

Tuesday, 20 Sept. 1864 - Hot again, but I don't care. After steaming all night we reached Washington at 9. A.M. got transportation & reached Home about Nine 3 O'Clock on Wednesday a. m.

Transcribed by Phyllis Weaver Bickley, great grand daughter of John Vautier, from digital images of the original diary taken by Tim Antosy and provided by Todd Leiss, who are also 88th descendants. The originals are located in the Army War College Library in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.


88th Pennsylvania Volunteers Monument at Gettysburg
Photo by Marisa Roberts


Marriages and Family

After the war John returned to Philadelphia where he had a hard time finding employment. After trying several different types of employment he landed a job with the Cold Spring Ice Company [11] [12] (that later merged with the Knickerbocker Ice Company) as a foreman, writing up driver's routes at a salary of $ 10.00 per week.

John became engaged to Miss Cecilia Maag and on January 6, 1867 they were married. [13] They had seven children: Willie on October 28, 1867, Eugene on September 16, 1869, Grace on December 24, 1871, Ruth on July 6, 1974, Paul on October 10, 1874, Lucy on January 12, 1878 and Augustus on April 15, 1879.

During this period John lived in several different locations in South Philadelphia. John attended the Passyunk Baptist Church, where he served as Superintendent of the Sunday School from 1875 to 1898. [14] John was the Financial Secretary of the Hand to Hand Council No. 14 O.U.A.M. John also was a member of Passyunk Tribe of Red Men.

As John advanced in employment he would travel sometimes as far as Maine, to run ice-cutting crews in the winter months. The ice harvesting process was labor intensive, requiring 20-100 men for one to four weeks. It was necessary first to scrape the snow off ice that was six to thirty inches thick. Then men measured grids on the ice and horses pulled a tool that cut grooves on the grid, usually at 22" x 32" to 44" square. The next step was to cut through the grooves with a one handed crosscut ice saw and breaking bars until the blocks broke off. They then floated or poled the ice down the cleared channel to the icehouse. Each block was moved up a chute with hooks into the icehouse where layers of ice were separated by sawdust as an insulator. The ice would then be shipped back to Philadelphia where it was stored for distribution to homes for use in iceboxes. [15]

On April 13, 1885 John's wife Cecilia came down with pleurisy and died on April 20, 1885. John married his second wife Annie Vollmer on May 4, 1889. They had four children: Amy on February 16, 1890, Howard on December 18, 1892, John Warren on December 6, 1894 and Allis on October 15, 1897. Annie never recovered after giving birth on October 15th and died on December 11, 1897.

John traveled around visiting many Civil War sites. He would give magic lantern lectures on the war to many different groups. [16] John served on the Gettysburg Monument Committee with General Wagner, Colonel Beath, General Gile and Colonel G.E. Wagner. [17] Also, John met General Sheridan and shook his hand. In 1892 John went to Washington then to Alexandria to the reunion of the 88th Regiment. The next day John gave an oration at the Soldier's Cemetery, which was published in the newspapers. After that he participated in a Grand Army Parade of over 75,000 men in line, where he carried the flag of the 88th Regiment. Then finally on September 26, 1894, after many years of labor writing the book, John received the first installment of 200 books of the "History of the 88th Pennsylvania Volunteers in the War for the Union, 1861-1865". [18] This book cost him over $ 1,000.00 for the 500 printed copies, but the boys of the regiment were delighted with the book. [19]

John married his third wife Anna Cassaday on March 18, 1908.

John died on April 30, 1912 at the age of 68 years, 5 months, 5 days. John's obituary read: "On April 30, 1912, JOHN D. VAUTIER, beloved husband of Anna Vautier, aged 68 years. Relatives and friends, also U.S. Grant Post No. 5, G.A.R., members of the Passyunk Baptist Church, and the Board of Directors of Lafayette Cemetery, [20] are invited to attend the funeral, on Saturday at 2:00 p. m., from his late residence, 2312 South 17th St.. Interment at Lafayette Cemetery. Please omit flowers." [21] [22]

By: Robert Weaver, Great Grandson of John D. Vautier, 2007 [23]


Transcription of
The Personal Diary of John Vautier

The Diary
Of
John Dominque Vautier

I was born, so I was informed, on November 25, 1843, in old Passyunk Township, Philadelphia, in a long-hip roof house, afterwards remodeled by Mr. John Young but since torn down, situated on the south side of Passyunk Ave. just above where the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks cross the Avenue. It is nearly opposite an old brick house where my mother and her parents lived, and in that old brick house my maternal Grandfather Young died.

I have a few remembrances of my earliest childhood, the first being the funeral of an old lady who lived in our family – of Mary Moore, daughter of my Uncle Charles Moore, who upon being shown a bird's nest, crushed one of the eggs in her fingers. Mr. C. Shisler told me that when I was a child, I used to return thanks at the table while my brothers and sisters laughed at me.

I also remember going to school on Passyunk Ave. near Long Lane, the seats having no backs nor any desks.

When I was some 7 or 8 years old, my parents, who were truck gardeners, removed to one of Dr. Bond's houses on Broad Street west side, above Moyamensing Ave., next to Bond's Mansion in the house subsequently occupied by my Uncle William Shetzline until it was torn down.

I think we only remained here about a year, when we removed to Moyamensing Ave. where 8th Street now crosses, on the lower side. This place belonged to Mr. Bouvier, and we remained here until I went to the war in 1861.

My parents both belonged to the Baptist Church on Passyunk Ave. west of Broad Street, and I remember going there almost so long as I can remember anything. Before the upper room was completed I used to go with my Father in the lower room and I used to go to sleep with his red kerchief covering my face. My young mind goes back to a magic lantern show in the Church where one of the slides represented a group of horses drinking at a water trough.

When I got larger I went to school and Church myself, it often falling to me to drive my Mother in the family carriage to Church and in visiting among her relatives and friends. Sometimes in coming home in the carriage they would talk of the prospects of the Church and lament that none of their children were looking that way. I then resolved in my mind that as soon as I was old enough that let others do as they may, as for me I would join the Church of my parents. That must have been about 1855-6-7. But these pious young resolves were evidently not very deep rooted, for as I got bigger I developed into a very healthy mischievous boy, in Sunday School and Church at any rate. In school I was in several different classes, and I often caused one of my teachers, Mr. Newsminger, much pain by my rude behaviour with other boys in the class. Often before and after services we would play duck on davy behind the Church, play tag through the Church building and be up to all sorts of pranks at all sorts of times.

One bright Sunday afternoon, down Gravel Mole Lane, we got into a fight with a gang of town boys and in the melee I was hit in the nose with a piece of brick which knocked me senseless and I was carried to Mr. Fred Vollmer's farm house to recuperate, but we licked the town boys, anyhow. This mishap ended Sunday fighting for me but through the week, in the summer, we went swimming down the Stone House Lane or down Broad Street, or fishing - and in winter time skating down the meadows.

My companions in these excursions were Dan Young, Bill Men and George Dillmore, Wm Haag, Willie Crawley, Charlie Young, Eddie and Tom Lower, Bob Sink, Sake Vollmer, John Gerritt, Bill Simon, Bill and Charley Hoffner, Henry Myers, Bill Fields, Henry Shetzline, Adam Shetzline and Charley Lutz.

There was a crowd of bigger boys or young men called the Buck Suckers who stood around Buck corner, but they were too big for me and I did not associate with them.

As I grew older I used to borrow my brother's gun and go hunting. I was so little that I could sneak on a flock of meadow larks or readies and bring them down, where an older or bigger man would scare them away.

I thought I was a big gunner by this time and one day my brother Charles lent me his gun, a bottle of powder and ammunition and I started out on the war path on my own hook.

I tramped all over the meadows and banged away at every bird far and near, but the birds flew too high or I shot too low; anyhow presently I found I only had one load left and nary a bird to show for it all.

I thought this would never do, and I resolved that I would shoot a tom tit or some other inoffensive bird, wring off his head, pass it off for a reed bird and not go home skunked. I did drop one reedie out of a flock but couldn't find it, and as I couldn't hit anything else I was compelled to go home empty handed. When I got home, they asked me how many birds I killed. Eleven, I said. Where are they? 0, they fell in the reeds and I couldn't find them, I said. They all laughed at me, but I insisted that I was right, so it had to go at that.

At this time I must have been about 12 years old, and a mishap with a gun stopped my gunning until I went gunning for men in Uncle Sam's Army. We were very intimate with Mr. James Clark's family, and their children often came to our house and remained for a week or two at a time. Willie Clark was at our house one afternoon and my brother's double barrelled gun stood behind the step.

I took the gun, put the ramrod in the barrel and found it even with the muzzle, indicating there was no charge in, but, unknown to me, the rod was an inch too short. I fooled with the gun, pointed at Billie's breast and pulled the trigger, but it did not go off. I put it down and put it up again and pulled - the gun went off - bang - and the load went into the floor of the pump shed directly under Billie's foot, some of the shot into the bottom of his foot. Scared! Well that don't express it. My sister Mary thought Billie was shot dead, and pounded me over the head with a chair or something. I thought he was killed, and he kind of thought he was gone himself, and I was willing that someone should belabor me if that would do any good, and felt very grateful to Mary or anybody else who would help matters by taking it out on me. But after the smoke cleared off we found that Billy wasn't hurt so much after all, but it ended my shooting for many a month.

During the early years of my residence at this house, I went to school at the Franklin School, Rope Ferry Road, then to the Buck Read School where Mr. Jacob Amen was teacher. Here I remember a big fight one day between Charley Maag and Mr. Amens, Charley using a slate and the teacher a rattan for their weapons.

Somewhere about this time we had a school director, Mr. Wm. Hoffner, whom we didn't like for some boyish reason or other, and one day my brother Bill and myself came through his onion patch, where Cantrell and 9th Ste. now is and we destroyed his onions by pulling the tops off. We were having lots of fun all to ourselves, when we looked up and saw Mr. Hoffner coming, and we scooted to school with Hoffner and dog in hot pursuit. When we got in the school room we thought we were safe, but our pursuer with his black dog knew us and following in apprehended us.

Our Father was apprised of our misconduct, and to scare us threathened to send us to the House of Refuse. He got a rope and made believe he would tie Bill in a chair preparatory to taking us away, while I stood by and did the howling act for all I was worth, which was considerable, but they finally condoned our fault if we would go to Mr. H. and ask his pardon which we did, although it was a bitter dose to swallow.

I can see us going up Hoffner's Lane yet, Bill ahead and I a close second. The same black dog got after us, but Mr. H. came to our rescue and helped us make the apology we were too frightened to make. Well, at any rate, I didn't like onions for 5 years after that episode.

When I got a little older I was sent to the White Hall School on Yellow House Road close by where the P.R.R. tracks now cross the road. I went here until about 1857 or 8 when I went to the Weccacoe School at 2nd and Reed Streets. When I went to White Mall I was one of the biggest scholars and stood about head or No. 2 all the time. There were many Neck and Meadow children who attended there, among them Mary and Lizzie Young, John Young's girls, Martha and Jake Vollmer, Fred Vollmer's children, Eliza Hoe, the Viles, Watsons, Sinks, Lowers, Bathams.

I was never an exceeding bright scholar, being disposed to be indolent, tho I must have been brighter than the average who went there, which isn't saying much for the other scholars. One time we had a grand spelling match in school and they were all set down on misses but Martha Vollmer and I. Mrs. Franklin gave out Republic and I spelt it with a K, and the teacher hesitated whether to set me down, but finally decided in my favor, and I finally spelt Martha out and was the champion.

Apropos of my smartness (supposed) - I was an omniverous reader, and while my brothers did not take to books as I did, it gave me a reputation above them. I remember hearing a conversation between my Mother and the other members of my family, and they all said I was wonderful bright. Mother said Uncle John Young thought I would be a smart man, and much more of the same sort - all of which goes to prove, in the light of subsequent events, that those good poeple were woefully mistaken. My sister Elizabeth married Ed Cox, and I was a frequent visitor to the Cox family - rough, honest, worldly people. About 1868 I dropped in to see Grandmother Cox and she asked me if I had to work at manual labor for a living, and I said "No". "There, I always said you were a boy that would make a good living without hard work," she said. So I must have stood pretty well in the estimation of my elders anyhow. Continuung my Public School experience, about 1857 or 8 I went to the Weccacoe School at 2nd and Reed with John Gerrit. I got into the Fourth Division, Miss Whitehead, 3rd Division - 2nd Division, Miss Crooper. The 4principal was John J. Joyce. I do not recollect very many of the names of those boys, but recall - McVeety, McGlue E.S., Slacks, Winnterbottoams, Smiths, Ellicott. This was the best and the last Public School I attended, and I did reasonably well in some of the studies, notably history. I have spoken about my membership in the Sunday School, and most of my earliest recollections center around the old Church and School. The influeneces that I received there almost entirely molded my character in my subsequent life and undoubtly my best aspirations in life came from the teachings and influence of the School, The earliest minister that I remember was Mr. Hand - then Trickett, Jermon, Goodchild, Hammitt, Richards, Fox, Menige, Hall, Smith. In 1858 Mr. D Menige was Supt. of the School and one Sunday afternoon in March I resolved to come out publicly and be a Christian. There were about a dozen girls and two boys who went on the front benches that P.M. Oliver J. Vautier was the other boy. Among the girls were Lizzie and Emma Vautier, Sarah Elwell, Amanda Shisler, and others. In May we were baptized by Rev. S. J. Cresswell, the Church having no regular pastor. There was quite a revival about this time in the School and Church, and in addition to those mentioned being baptized I recall Kate Cool, Kate Wiley, George Clark. On Sunday afternoons we often went down to the Girard Farm to Uncle John Young's, where Charley and Sally Elwell lived and James Dunlap, or to Uncle John Vautier's, on the adjoining farm. Uncle John and Aunt Margaret would sit on the porch reading the Bible, while a lot of us boys and girls would cut up all sorts of capers behind their backs. In this crowd — off and on — there were Albert, Oliver, J. Dominque (myself), William Vautier, John and Charlie Reichner, Will Sheller, James Dunlap, Henry Shetzline, Will Fields, Lib, Lou, Emm Vautier, Sally Elwell. During those years in our Church we used to be treated to 2 sessions in the School and 3 preaching services every Sunday, but if the quantity was super abundant, the quality didn't size up likewise. Many times, in Mr. Goodchild's and others long sermons, the young people would one by one slip out of the Church and rest their tired bodies and brains on the grass in the shade outside, all of which was bad enough, but I state it as a fact not an excuse. 5In 1858 I was chosen as Secretary of the Sunday School Association, and it devolved upon me to write the minutes, and such a mess as I made of that writing is beyond description. I well remember the laughter and ridicule that my attempt to imitate the bold hand of Mr. Menege excited, and I resolved to improve myself in that respect and I did. During this time there were many mad dogs running around the neighborhood. We had encounters with 3 or 4 in our yard, some of them being our own dogs, and I had to go to the Church alone at nights to attend the Association meetings. After one day, when the mad dogs were particularly numerous, I was afraid to go out that night, but there was no help for me - I had to go; so taking a stout club in my hand and my heart in my mouth I sailed forth, keeping away from the fences, bushes and any place that could hide a rabid dog and walking in the middle of the road. But I got there all right, and back again - all O.K. except the scare, which I have never forgotten. When about this age it was my work to go to market with my Mother, who had a stall at No. 84 Callowhill Market between 6th and Julianna Streets. I well remember how sleepy I used to be in the mornings, getting up at 2, 3, and 4 o'clock, but there was no help for it. One morning going along Buck Road, my Mother saw something white laying in the ditch near the now line of l0th Street, but at that time the built up city stopped at Morris Street - half a mile up. She wanted me to get out and see what it was, but I said it was only a dog or a white cow and I didn't investigate; probably I was afraid. It was the white dress on the body of a colored woman who had been murdered by a negro, Peter Mattocks, who was afterwards arrested and hung for the crime. Somebody robbed our house one night, going down the cellar, then taking a rope, going up to the second story front, robbing a bureau drawer of some $50 or $60. Then, tying the rope out the window, escaped that way. We never discovered the thief. When I got to the market, I used to deliver truck in the wagon for my Mother, and between times run errands for Mr. Gransback, a butcher, Aunt Louise Young, - a jolly good soul - and Mr. Edward Heston, and others. I made many a dollar in this way, and most of it I saved. When I was home, among my chores was the job of milking the cow, carrying in coal, shutting the chicken house door and other little duties. Somewhere around 1859-60 I was sexton of the Church, and at one time Oliver and I undertook to paint the Church, but we didn't make a very remarkable sucess out of it. About this time a singing school was organized in the Church by Mr. Tudor, which I attended and got some knowledge of music. At that period there was no organ in the Church or School and somebody had to raise the tune. This sometimes fell to me, but sometimes to my cousin Joe Vautier, but he mostly got the tune pitched too high while I got it to low. In coming home from School, I mostly had a library book, which I read all the way home. On the truck garden below us, Mr. Wm. Maag lived. He had two boys, Charley and Bill, and three girls, Doll, Maggie and Main. The girls went to our S.S. but I never had very much to say to them. The two girls I liked best were my cousins Louise Vautier (Mrs. MacDonald) and Amanda Shisler (Mrs. Bartlett). Along about 1860 I was made a teacher in the Sunday School, having a class of boys. Some of my scholars have since grown to be influential men, among them being Charles and Christopher Bastian. Sometimes I was asked to speak to the Sunday School from the desk, and tho I don't remember what I said, I do recollect that the girls used to giggle very much at me, but I kept right on. Sometimes at the evening prayer meeting, Oliver and I would get very sleepy - I haven't got over that yet - and on more than one occasion when the pray was ended, we remained on our knees, fast asleep, until someone would wake us up. Those girls took advantage of this too, and we had many requests from them that we would "pray for them". In 1860 my Father took sick, and after an extended illness from congestion of the lungs, he died in Nov. This was the first death in our family, and was a hard blow to me. He was buried in the Baptist Cemetery, the Rev. Richards preaching the funeral sermon, which was so plain that it offended some of the audience. I wrote a piece a poetry on my Father's death which was published in our denominational paper and brought me much approbation. My Father was a kind man, tall, smooth-faced, iron gray hair, and 58 years old when he died. He was a good neighbor, always handy, always ready to fix a pump or any broken thing - take fire out of a burn or do a good turn for anybody. He seldom whipt me, and when he did, I richly deserved it. I only remember him punishing me once or twice in his life. My Mother and the rest of the family remained on the garden and attended to business, except Sister Mary who married Abe Dillon and went to housekeeping with him. In 1859-60 there was a revival in the Church which brought several "town" families into our circle, notably the Corbits, Finks, and these I became very intimate with. Corbits and Finks lived on the corner of Wharton and Barlow Streets, about 516 - and in the evenings this was a rendezvous for the Neck boys, and we had a lot of fun there. I had a black Scotch Terrier named "Pepper" who was a most knowing dog, and used to follow me to town, where often his company was not acceptable. He would let no one touch me, and people often slapt me just to see the dog snap at them. Often I would forbid his coming and he would disappear, but when I would get to the corner of 5th Street, Pepper would be sitting in the road waiting for me. My Father in politics was a Native American and I followed hard after, and at every election I would tie a pole to the kitchen chimney and hoist a flag with the American ticket on it. I have a dim recollection of the Taylor campaign; a better in 1852 of that of Pierce and Scott; in 1856 I was a big politician for Fillmore and Donelson, and in 1860 for Bell and Everett. I dimly remember Taylor's funeral, and I can recall Kossuth's welcome to Philadelphia. While I am on this line, my first vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln for his second term tho I was hardly of age, in 1864, at the November election. When I was small, my sisters sometimes took me with them to the city, and when I saw a statue or anything interesting I would inquire what it was for, and they would always warn me about asking to many questions at home, because it would give their visiting away. I had never been away from home very much - once, about 1859 or 60 I was down to Dover, Delaware, with Joseph Vautier to a Methodist Camp Meeting for a couple of days. When my uncle, William Bastian, died I went down to their house, on Moya Avenue. First house above Broad Street north side, and stayed there several nights with the family. I now come to the most eventful and exciting part of my life, my service as a soldier in the U.S. Army for the war for the Union. In all this sketch, I shall of necessity be brief and give only the dates of the most important events, as the incidents of my soldier life alone would fill a book several times as large as this. In 1860 the muttering of war resounded thru the country, and I well recollect the excitement that the firing on Fort Sumter caused in Philadelphia. I didn't think much about war just then, but as the war grew apace and the military spirit affected the boys and the young men, I was a willing victim. I coaxed my mother to let me enlist, but she would not consent for some months. At last I enlisted in a company of cavalry on Dock St. above 2nd., which was being recruited for the Kentucky Cavalry. I cannot recall many of the names of these men. In June, 1861, we went to an embryo camp on Col. Peyton's farm, at Haddonfield N.J., and remained there, not doing much of anything until July when there was some hitch in the mustering of the companies and many of the men left and either went into other organizations or went home. I got sick, and came home, not being sworn in, and by the time I got well, they got into the 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry, and went away, leaving me in the lurch. Then I joined a company of the Gray Reserves or Home Guards, who met in the old wide-awake wigwam on Reed St., west of 3rd, South side. We met for drill every night, and were fully uniformed in gray suits. In July 1861, the Battle of Bull Run was fought, and the papers were full of the horror of the sufferings of the wounded on the battle field. My Mother gave me the paper to read, and said to me I don't think you will want to go to the war after reading all that. After I read it all, I said, "Mother, now I must go, the country needs the service of every young man now," and I resumed my importance until she gave a reluctant consent. In passing, I may say here, if my Mother had kept me home I should never have forgiven her, as I look upon the next three years of my life as the most important, because given to the support of the Government when support was the only thing I could give. I was little past 17, and Mother had the right to keep me home. Having now gained permission, I cast about to get into a good company, and hearing about a company of Christian volunteers, composed of young men from the various churches, I searched them out and resolved to join them. There was one company at Franklin and Buttonwood Sts. N.W. Corner 2nd floor, being recruited by Captain Moore, to be assigned to the Cameron Light Guard Regiment, Col. G.P. McLean. 9September 10, 1861 - Enlisted. September 14, Went to drill room about 10 A.M. Sunday 15, Went to Church as usual, but kept my enlistment a secret. Wednesday 18, at 10 A.M. was sworn in U.S. Service on Chestnut Street opposite the State House. Thursday 19, To Prayer Meeting, and in my heart dedicated myself to God and country. (The next prayer meeting that I attended in this Church was 32 months later. Sunday 22, At Church and S.S. as usual. At the night service, I told everybody I was going for a soldier, and everybody was surprised. I received lots of advice, the most valuable being from my Uncle Charles, who, having been a soldier in the long ago, vivdly pictured to me the hardships of a soldier's life, etc., but none of these things scared me. Monday, Sept. 23, about 20 of our company met at the recruiting office, marched to the Union M.E. Church, 4th below Arch, received many useful presents from the Ladies there — shirts, drawers, etc. then marched out Ridge Avenue to the campground, near the mouth of the Wissahicken Creek, where the water works is now erected, and were put in Co. I, Capt. White. Sunday, the 29th, received uniforms. Monday, the 30th, Rev. Trickett, Mr. J.R. Fanner and his daughter Emma (she was my best girl) visited me. Em gave me a little pocket testament. Tuesday, October 1st, Brother Charles out. Wednesday, October 2nd, Sister Lib and her daughter Dolly out. October 4th, Uncle John S. Young and Aunt Louise out. She slipped a gold piece in my hand as she left. October 5th, Bid every good friend good bye, off to the war tomorrow. Saturday October 5th, 1861. For a detailed account of our movements see my daily diaries and the History of the 88th Regiment. Only the meagerest account can be given here. Left Philadelphia at 9 P.M. and proceeded to Baltimore and Washington via P.W. & B.R,R., and encamped at Kendle Green, about a mile north of the Capitol building. Moved to Alexandria, VA. On Saturday, October 12, 1861, and guarded the city. Moved back to Washington, on February 18, 1862 and encamped over the Eastern 10Branch near Oxen Run where we remained until April 15, 1862, when we broke camp and went in camp near Clouds Mills until the 25th, when we went to Bull Run and Manassas Junction, guarding the railroad. Returned to Clouds Mills May 3rd, and assigned to Duryeas Brigade. On May 7th, broke camp and marching to Alexandria, taking the steamer N. American, proceeded to Acquia Creek, thence to the Rappahannock River opposite Fredericksburg. Reviewed by President Lincoln on May 23rd, and on the 25th broke camp. Marched back to Acquia Creek, thence steamed to Alexandria, took train to Manassas Juction, and on the 28th took up the march for the Shenandoah Valley to fight Stonewall Jackson. Reached Fort Royal on June 1st, but old Jack had skedaddled up the valley. We went into camp, short of rations and everything else, but rain and misery, of which we had full and plenty and some to spare, until June 19th, when we were railroaded back to Manassas again. Here we encamped and prepared to celebrate the 4th of July in grand style, fireworks and such, but at daybreak of the beautiful 4th we packed our little trunks and tramped to Gainsville, which hamlet we left on the 5th and marched to Warrington. Hot? About 100 in the shade. Dusty? Someone said, "from dust thou art, and unto dust thou shalt return", we realized it. Thirsty? There was not a drink of cool water in the region. Tired? Well, most of the boys dropped out to take a rest, but I kept in line with the best of 'em. Twas no picnic, anyhow, and we earned our full month's wages, $13 that single day. On July 9th, 1862. I got a bug in my ear. Very memorable time to me, but don't want another. Feasted for a recompense, on ripe cherries and big blackberries until July 22nd, when we marched to the Rappahannock at Waterloo Bridge and encamped. On August 1, 1862, we were reviewed by Generals Pope, Ricketts, & Towers, and on the 5th marched to Culpepper, and on the 9th, fought the Battle of Cedar Mountain. Our Division, Ricketts, were pushed to the front at dark, to succor Bank's defeated Division, and we didn't get a good, honest days fighting, but it was enough to go around. Hung around the Rapidan until the 18th, when to avoid being overwhelmed by the United Confederate Army under Lee, we took the back track and hiked out for the Rappahannock again. Reached the river before daylight on the 20th and then turned on the enemy and then: Fought him on August 21, 22, 23, holding him in check, but on the 24th, marched up river to near Waterloo Bridge, keeping the Johnnies back, till the 26th, when Stonewall Jackson having given Pope a very good kick in the rear at Manassas Junction, we took the back track again and went to hunt old Jack. We brought up in front of Thoroughfare Gap on August 28, and had quite a lively little fight there, then fell back to Manassas Junction, finally 11reaching Bull Run Battlefield on the 29th, hungry, dirty, weary, dispirited, disgusted, mad and everything that was bad. Didn't have a square meal or a decent chance to wash since the 18th, and were in poor condition to fight a battle, either physically or morally. Fought the Battle of Bull Run on August 30th, and got licked handsomely, losing 26 men killed, over a hundred wounded from our regiment, and that night fell back to Centreville. Here we reformed, and the next morning fell in and formed to fight again, the enemy reported to be coming right after us, but they sheared off to our right, and on September 1st, we fought again at Chantilly. Our Division was in the second line and didn't suffer loss, for which we were truly thankful, but lay out in a chilling rain all night, without shelter of any kind and if this is glory, I have enough. The enemy forced us back to Washington, and we went very willingly, but when Lee crossed the Potomac, we ambled thru Washington and went for him again. Over took him at South Mountain, September 14, 1862, but our regiment was on wagon guard, and didn't reach the battlefield until dark, so we didn't shed any blood or get much glory there. However, we made up for lost time at the Battle of Antietam, on September 17th, going in on the afternoon of the 16th, and getting all the honor and glory we wanted, and more. We lost about 75 men out of our little regiment, but held our end up O.K. to the best of our ability. After Little Mac kindly allowed Lee to slip off over the Potomac, we settled down to camp life and to rest our weary bones. On October 3rd, the President, McClellan, and generals galore reviewed our corps, but laying in a hot sun on a plowed field two days, which we had to do, waiting for the reviewers, made me sun sick, and I could hardly get back to camp again. The musty hardtack, full of weevils and white breadworms and the rancid meat, etc. wasn't very appetizing for a sick soldier. On the 7th I had a severe attack of cramps and in the morning my eyelids were swollen so bad that I could scarcely open them to see. Poor old soldier. My comrades, Auble, White, Robbins and the rest very, very kind to me, and Davy Gillmore brought me a piece of bread and butter, the first I tasted for nearly a year, and I thought it the most delicious morsel I ever tasted. I lay in my little dog tent - pup tent the boys called 'em - all the time too weak to get out until October 27th, when we struck tents and pulled out for Harpers Ferry. I traveled on a sick pass with the ambulance train, and reached Berlin on the 29th. On the 3rd, the Army crossed the Potomac into Virginia, and all the sick, myself included, were sent by rail to Washington, to Island Hall Hospital, 6th Street and Virginia Avenue. While here, the people of the neighborhood, boys, girls, and all, were very kind to the sick, and often 12visited the hospital, distributing food, singing, papers, etc., all of which were duly appreciated by the men. While here, I had a good opportunity of visiting the places of interest in Washington, and I made the most of it. On December 13th, 1862, I was detailed to assist in the hospital kitchen, and remained in the place until January 4, 1863, when the hospital was abandoned, and myself and all others were sent to the East Lincoln Hospital, and I was detailed as a nurse in Ward 15, thence to Ward 11, where I was assigned a district of 12 beds to care for, and I remained here until April 20th, when I was transferred to the Baggage Room, as an assistant. I was then offered a charge of a full ward of patients, but I refused the offer, but I was ordered on the 28th to go and take charge of that ward but succeeded in having the order revoked. On May 1, 1863 I was appointed Baggage Master, with the rank and pay of a Sergeant. On June llth, I asked to be sent to my regiment, but hearing nothing further about it on the 16th I applied to the Surgeon in charge, Dr. Andrews, then to General Martindale commanding the district, then to the Provost Marshall, but unsuccessfully. Then in a week or two tried it all over again, and finally on August 10, 1863, they sent me away - God Bless us all now. Reached the regiment, encamped on the banks of the Rappahannock where the railroad crossed the river on August 11, 1863, and was received with open hearts and arms by my comrades. Remained here until the army advanced on September 16, when we pulled up stakes and went to Stevensville, but if there is any town there I didn't see it. On September 24th, we struck tents and marched to Racoon Ford on the Rapidan, remaining in this vicinity until October when we took the back track on Meade's Retrograde movement, caused by Lee trying to flank our army on our right. Forded the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford on the llth thence to Warrenton Junction, Bristoe and Centrevill on the 14th, but on the15th, pushed down to Cub Run, Bull Run on the 19th, Gainesville and Haymarket on the 19th. At dusk we were attacked by the rebel calvary who came thru Thoroughfare Gap, but we repulsed them and on the 20th we went thru the Gap after them but they were gone. Went into camp and remained here until October 24th, when we smashed camp and marched to Bristoe (weighed 156 lbs.), remained here until November 5th, 1863 when we marched to Catletts, then to Kellys Ford, to attack the Johnny Rebs, who have been very saucy since they drove us back. The 3rd Corp did most of the fighting at the Ford, and we followed across on the 8th and went to Brandy State. If there was any Brandy about, I didn't see it - could hardly get a good drink of water let alone any brandy. On the 9th we marched back to Beoleton Station, where we 13earned our pay and our rations by working on the R.R. which our Southern friends had destroyed. On November 23, on the tramp again, to the river, then to the Rapidan, across that river to the Battle of Mine Run on November 28, 29, 30 and Dec. 1. On December 2, 1863, we left that part of the country to the peaceable possession of the Rebs, and dusted back to Kellys Ford on the 3rd, and went into Camp until December 24th and halted at Mitchells Station. On January 2, 1864, we moved camp to top of Cedar Mountain, until the 5th when we came to Culpepper and went into camp on the Sperryville Pike a couple of miles out, and in the evening I had a game of fisticuffs with Ned Nunneville of our Co., in which battle Ned got all the fight knocked out of him and cried quits. January 30, marched back to Culpeper, just for a change I suppose, as it has been several days since we have been there. On February 8, 1864, all the 88th men who did not reenlist were transferred to Col. Lyles 90th Pa. regiment, encamped on Sperryville Pike, and I was in the flock. We remained with the 90th until the 88th returned from Veteran Furlough. While with the 90th, I made out the muster rolls, in fact much clerical work, writing letters for others, etc., fell to my lot. The boys who can't write generally call on me, and for a reward they tell me my writing is of the finest, just like copper plate printing, and more of the same sort, just as if they could judge good or bad writing when they wouldn't know good writing from the characters on a Chinese tea chest, but I felt flattered and took it all greedily in. On the 8th of March I weighed 161 Ibs. On 30th, on pickett along the Rapidan near Mitchells, but when we returned to camp, the regiment broke camp and we all went back to Mitchells again, until the 10th of April when the bloody 88th came back and we rejoined them, remaining in camp until the advance over the Rapidan. With Grant in the Wilderness: Gen. U.S. Grant, commanding, Gen. G.G. Meade, Com. Army of the Potomac, Gen. G.K. Warren, Com. 5th Army Corp, Gen. J.C. Robinson, Com. 2nd Division, Gen. Henry Baxter, Com. 2nd Brigade, Major S. Steeples, Com. 88th Reg., Lt. C.W. Nunneville, Com. 88th Reg., Co. I, that's the way we crossed the Rapidan on May 5, 1864, got to the battle on May 5, 6, 7 in the Wilderness. Left the Wilderness on the night of the 7th, and fought at Laurel Hill May 8, 1864. One man, Sgt. Eagle of Co. G. was killed by my side and nearly fell on me. Registered lost about 25 men. I shot away some 29 rounds but I guess most of it was wasted. May 9th, under fire, but not actively engaged at Spotsylvania. Spotsylvania, May 10, 1864. About noon advanced against the enemy's huge earthworks, but were repulsed with heavy loss. Shot 22 rounds, put 2 balls in most every charge, and fired at a man most every time at a 14range of about 100 yards or less. I'll wager I hurt many a Johnny today, for many times I fired into a group of them in an angle of their breast works. After our repulse, we came back to the works we had built. Wednesday, May llth, under fire all day, lay in the mud and rain which is worse than the fire. May 12, at 9 o'clock, advanced to the battle again, but could make no impression on the enemy's position. I shot 40 rounds. May 13th, under fire all day. I was sent on the skirmish line May 14th, moving to the left and lay under fire close to the Fredericksburg Road till the 21st, when we pulled out and left Spotsylvania. May 21, 1864. On to Richmond, passed thru Gurneys Station, formed line of battle on the 22nd, under fire, and then on to the North Anna at Jerico, and fought quite a battle on the river bank, but with little loss. May 24th, on skirmish line, nearly captured. May 25th, lively skirmishing again. May 26th, pulled out at night, recrossed the North Anna, crossed the Pamunky on the 28th, crossed, built works and formed line of battle. May 29th, skirmishing in front. May 30th, fought at Bethesda Church. I shot away 65 rounds, mostly at long range, but we repulsed an attack of the Rebs. May 31, under heavy fire. Heavy fighting all around us, but we were not actively engaged. June 1, 1864, within 2 hours march of Richmond. Under heavy artillery fire. June 2nd, under fire all day. Friday June 3rd, under heavy cross fire of all arms. Numerous casualties. Weather awful hot. Good water scarce. During a lull in the firing, someone told me there was a well of good water down the line a bit. I said I would go and fill my canteen. A comrade said, take mine - and mine - and mine - long drawn out, until I had my back full, and Sgt. Robbins gave me a tin bucket, which I carried in my hand. I hadn't gotten 25 steps, until the enemy opened with artillery, their first shot exploding in a big pine tree right over my head, scattering the branches and fragments in every (of iron) direction, and before I had time to be surprised or scared, a clunk of iron, a fragment of shell, struck me in the hand between the thumb and forefinger, and in an instant my good right hand was as red as if I had dipped it in a bucket of blood. I was scared all over and clear thru then, and dropping my load of canteens without any ceremony I sprinted back to the friendly covert of the breastworks and took account of stock. The blood was pouring from my hand, but when I found I could work my thumb and fingers I thought it wasn't so bad after all. In the meantime, the Johns were raking us with a heavy fire and it wasn't healthy to leave the works yet and hunt a hospital, but presently I got away and made lively tracks for the Field Hospital a half mile in the rear. When I got there I found several wounded soldiers who were having their wounds dressed. Not having any opportunity of being attended to here, I mosied off to the Corps Hospital, where I had my wound bandaged and rested for the night. 15In coming to the hospital, we passed very near to the front and long columns of soldiers were moving carefully down the hills to the swampy grounds toward Richmond, and the sharp crack of the skirmishers rifles seemed not very far off in the heavy woods and undergrowth. On the 4th of June I left Corps Hospital and started to walk to the White House Landing, reached there in the evening, got on board the steamboat Utica, with 455 other poor wounded soldiers, some of them dreadfully shattered and entirely helpless, with insufficient accommodations and nurses. Soldiers lay wherever a helpless soldier could lay and the smell from their blood-soaked festering wounds was awful sickening. The boat pulled out in the stream and lay to all night, and at 6 A.M. started down the crooked Paminkey and reached the bay at dark and lay to again. No grub aboard and the hungry men are calling for food. At noon on the 6th reached Alexandria, got something to eat in the Soldier's Rest Hospital. Every big building is filled with mutilated soldiers. Going Home. On June 10, I was with many another wounded soldier, a train full, shipped to Philadelphia. Reached Philadelphia 11 P.M., and was put in the hospital at Broad and Prime over night. June llth, sent to Haddington Hospital, 65th and Vine, refused a pass. Sunday, the 12th, got a pass and went to 1122 Pierce Street, my Mother's home, then to Church. The first visit for over 32 months. Mr. Menege was the preacher, and all the folks were glad to see me. Mr. Menege took me around to Shetzlines, Maags, Dillons, Jersey Vautiers, Longs, Corbits, Fenners, Shislers and all around. Knocked around between the hospital and home, having an elegant time, until July 9th, when I was sent to Washington. Just about this time the Rebel General Early was on his Maryland raid, and the authorities took all the best of the soldiers at the convalescent camp, armed them and put them in the trenches and forts to stop Early's advance. The detachment I was with went to Tennalytown and then to Fort DeRussy, and was in the Battle of Fort Stevens on and near the 7th Street Road. The Southerners soon left and we had high times eating huckleberries, blackberries, raiding milk houses and such until we went to Cliffburne Barracks and on July 24th to Camp Distribution until August 1, 1864, when we went into Camp near Fort Blenker. On August 7th, a buddy of mine, Barnes and I bought a watermelon on joint shares for 85 cents, and had a feast. Eating melons was of such rare occurrence that it deserves to be noticed conspicuously in the management of the war. On August 11, 1864, the generals of the armies found that things were not going as they should go in front of Petersburg and elsewhere - owing, I suppose, to my absence so I was started to the front again via the Potomac 16River route, reached City Point 3 A.M August 12, thence to the front. Heard plenty firing, old times again, sun scorching hot, water scarce, dust in clouds, I am getting there fast. Reached the regiment in front of Petersburg on the 13th. August 18th, moved on the Weldon R.R. at Globe Tavern, got under a heavy fire. August 19, fighting in the woods, August 20th, held in reserve. Sunday 21st, heavy fighting but enemy repulsed at all points. August 22, built some more works. In the sweet by and by we won't have any works. August 23, 1864, got a loaf of fresh bread each. Another remarkable thing in this was and worthy of more than passing note. August 25, we were called, like the Queen of May, early, but after they routed us up they kind of changed their mind and concluded they had no use for us anyhow. About 11 o'clock they pushed us about a mile towards Petersburg but came back presently, much to my relief. I knew there was trouble ahead in that direction, and my time is too near for me to have much stomach for fighting just at present. August 27th, our division went toward Poplar Grove Church, feeling for the enemy, but soon came back. August 31st, detailed to work on Fort Dushane. Every day we see more Generals than we can shake a stick at. Grant, Meade, Hancock, Warren, Sheridan, Wallace, Fessenden. Thursday, September 1, 1864, still in camp on Weldon R.R. near the Grove or Yellow Tavern. September 2nd, made another movement toward Poplar Grove Church, but soon came back. September 3rd, cutting down trees, one man killed and one man hurt by trees falling on 'em. September 9th, washed my clothes, another remarkable event, and thinking about going home. Fare is pretty good these days. Always hard tack, brown sugar, coffee, salted pork, fresh beef, salted beef, rice, beans, salt, and sometimes fresh bread, molasses and vegetables, the last from the Sanitary Comm. On September 10th, 11 of Co. B's men went home, their term of three years having expired. My particular chum, Peter D. Shearer, was among the happy number. The next day I was detailed on the corduroy road that was being built near the camp to connect with City Point, and did a good day's work for Uncle Sam. September 15th, the division made a reconnaissance to near Poplar Grove Church, and tho the boys all insisted that I should remain in camp, I took my gun and-went along. Slight firing, but no one hurt in our regiment. About noon we came back to camp without accomplishing much, and I was glad of it, for I was very sick at my stomach. September 16th, I volunteered to go on pickett tonight, and stood as vidette on the outpost nearly all night. Lively firing up to the right, but I did not see anything to shoot. In the morning of the 17th, after coming from the outpost, I went to Brigade Headquarters to get mustered, but the Staff Officer refused to do it, however, on the 18th, Ned Nunnevill and I 17went over and were soon "cussed out" of Uncles Sam's service, and now I am a civilian again. There are only 9 left in Co. I now. I reached home on Tuesday, September 20, 1864, and went to Mother's house 1122 Pierce Street and made my home there with her. I at once resumed my work in the Church and School, and had a large circle of young friends both in the Neck and in the City. I found it very difficult to get suitable employment, and having a couple of hundred dollars saved up, I was induced to go into manufacturing refrigerators at 30 N. 9th Street with Reuben Fink. We occupied the 2nd and third stories, and did fairly well for a time. But Fink had no money and we had not the capitol needed to carry on this business, so I retired from the firm in a couple of months. But I am a little previous in my business venture, and a connected resume just here will read better. Came home in September 1864. Settled with the Government, and had a few hundred dollars in my pocket. Getting no work in Philadelphia, I went to work on the track of the Pennsylvania R.R. at Manor Station, some 30 or 40 miles east of Pittsburgh. I did not like this work, and in a few weeks secured a position as conductor of an individual coal train for the Penn Gas Coal Co., to run between Philadelphia and Manor. I got $1.75 per day working for the R.R., and $50 per month on the train. I stayed on the train until wintertime, and then left that position to go to Business College at Quaker City College, N.E. 10th & Chestnut Streets, 2nd & 3rd stories. I remained here until I went into partnership with Fink, until June 1865, when I saw an advertisement in the Ledger that a handy young man was wanted at 435 Walnut Street. I went there, to the office of the Cold Spring Ice Company, and found several applicants there, but Mr. Thos. E. Cahill, the president, chose me and I was hired at $19 a week. I was sent to Pine Street Wharf Schuylkill, to weigh ice and coal wagons, and to keep books. I don't think I was a blooming success there, because I was soon transferred to another depot at 12th & Willow, and Peter Nugent was brought from there to fill my place. Michael Quinn was superintendent, and I weighed, kept the books for 4 wagons, - B. Goodyear, Jno. Dunwoody, Tom Miller, sold ice, and made myself generally useful. I got along very nicely here, always being at the office before 7 A.M., when I would help the box boy deliver a couple of barrows of ice in the vicinity and then go to my books. I remained here till fall, when I asked for more wages, but was laid off, and found myself idle again. 18I determined that I would not be out of work, and in the late fall struck out for the Oil regions in Western Pennsylvania. Went to Franklin and Oil City, but couldn't get anything there. Then to Warren, and finally to Northumberland, where I got work diggin a basin for a saw mill. Stayed here some time, until the work was done, then to Williamsport, and went up the Sinnemahoning to drive logs for the Dodge Lumber Co. Before this, I worked for a little while for a lumber operation near Ralston, Pa. Then my feet got sore from wearing tight shoes, and I laid off for a couple of weeks at St. Marys. When my feet healed I went over to Clearfield Co. again, and hired with Hiram Woodriff's drive at $3.40 per day and 4 square meals. We lived on an ark, which followed the rolling logs down, and tho it was hard work, being knee deep in the water most of the time, I liked it and kept with the gang until the logs were all in the boom at Williamsport. With a comfortable sum in my pocket, I came home in the spring of 1866, and sought the Cold Spring Ice Co. again and was hired by Mr. Cahill to act as a forman, writing up the driver's routes at a salary of $10 a week being assigned to the men who drove over in W. Philadelphia, McGonigle and Walters, and to those below South Street on this side of the river; Toner, Carr, Jenkins, Clark Renshaw, etc. I boarded with a Mrs. Phillips at 1933 Wilcox Street, but had been tacitly engaged to be married to Miss Cecilia Maag, with who I had been steady company since I left the army. I had other girls whom I was very friendly with, notably Laura Corbit, 538 Washington Avenue; Sallie Isaacs, 814 Wharton Street; and a girl Josie, living near 9th & Buttonwood, but "Dolly" Maag was always my best girl. In January, 1867, about the 6th, we were quietly married by the Rev. C. Fleischman, a German Baptist minister up town. We didn't tell anyone about it, and consequently made some hard feelings among those who were close to us and who had a right to know. I gave the marriage certificate to Ceil to show her Mother and what became of it after I do not know. On March 13, 1867, I went to Mrs. Phillips to board, paying her $5 a week. I passed my Sundays in the Neck, mostly at William Shetzlines, Uncle John Vautiers, Joe Vautiers, or at Maags for meals. In my business, I pitched in and made a very good record as a foreman. On June 21, 1867, Mr. Cahill set my wages at 4 months $40, and 8 months, $60, total $640 per year. In June, 1867 we made up our minds to go to housekeeping, but houses were very scarce, and our ideas were higher than my salary. It was customary to give the agent a bonus of $10 to $25 for the privilege of renting a house at an enormous rent, but I finally rented a 2 story house, four rooms, at 2103 Overgreen Street (now Pemberton) for $16 per month from Mrs. Martin, 2004 Catherine Street, and on Saturday, July 13th, we 19went to housekeeping. We got our furniture from Karcher, 2nd below Walnut. Her parents gave her $1000 to furnish the house, and I had about $100, and it took it all, but we had everything nice. She sent me to the store to do the marketing. I bought 2 ribs; 30 cents a lb.- $2.10, and other things in proportion until my bill was $7.95, and I was nearly bankrupt, but we two had roast beef cold for a week. On October 27th we had the anniversary at our S. School with addresses by Rev. J.H. Peters, Wilder, Deitz, Pastor Wm. Smith, & Rev. Dalton. House Crowded. Ceil was down to her mothers. On Monday, October 28th, 1867, a baby Willie was born at 6:15 A.M. Had to skirmish around lively after a nurse, Mrs. Newsminger, and a doctor - Dr. E. Ward, Sr., 3rd & Christian, all before daylight, but everything passed off nicely. On October 2, 1867, ground was broken at 12th & Washington Avenue for the new downtown depot of the Cold Spring Ice and Coal Co. Many or most, of the bricks for the piers came from an old building N.E. corner 5th & Chestnut Streets, and I counted 22,125 bricks that our drivers hauled there in the afternoons. November 12, 1867, the nurse went away, and I paid her $12 for her attendance. November 24, I was at Sunday School, had new library in use, of which I am librarian. Mrs. Gerritt, Maggie Streton, and Mrs. Fisher volunteered for teachers in the School, also Mr. Logan. 1868 Ice cutting season coming on, I was sent up to Girard Avenue Bridge to help out. I had charge of the frame ice house. Monday, January 13th, I was there, but we had not begun to cut yet, but Mr. Singheiser, who cut ice and hauled it away in carts, was cutting on the water works wharf front and hauling it away as loaded. Presently he came over under the bridge, directly on our field. I went to him and protested, but to no avail. Finding he was spoiling our field, I hired several of the biggest men in our crowd of expectant laborers on the bank, and giving them axes I took them out in front of his workmen. When he reached my line, he ordered his men to go right over it, but I dared them over and promised the first man over would promptly be pitched into the river. My object was to delay Singheiser until Mr. Gillen or Mr. Cahill came, when I knew they would settle it all right. They both came presently, and while Mr. Cahill and Singheiser were having a heated discussion about it, we had gathered around them, and I proposed that we give Singheiser a bath in the river anyhow, which 20suggestion our men quickly seconded, and Singheiser was glad to get away from the crowd and ice. January 15, 1868, began cutting ice, but it was very thin - 5-1/2, 6, 6- 1/2, 7, 7-1/2, inches on the 24th, when I finished the frame house, and received $5 as a present from Mr. Cahill. Worked all winter at the ice house at Girard Avenue, at 12th & Willow, writing and serving routes, hauling ice, etc. February 22, Ice on Schuylkill at Girard Avenue 10" thick. March 9, The Schuylkill is now open below Chestnut Street and on 12th the river was all open. March 19, Opened our new depot at 12th & Washington Avenue. March 21, Two feet of snow fell. March 27, Mr. E.F. Gregg at 12th & Washington. April 25, Spring to date, rainy and cold. May 9, rented 4 room house, 1201 Lentz Street - from Mrs. Ritter for $17 monthly, and on May 12 removed from 2103 Evergreen to our new home. Had 6 wagon loads of stuff. June 7, Sunday, all our ice wagons were out serving ice and I was at the office till noon. Sunday, June 21, at office till 3 P.M. Sunday, July 26, till 5 P.M. The wagons continued to go out on Sunday until September. That kept me tied up pretty closely on Sundays, but I managed to get to Church and School nearly every Sunday. On Friday, Sept. 11, 1868, our Council, Hand in Hand, O.U.A.M. paraded at Lancaster, Pa. I was Marshal of our Council. We had a band of music and made a nice display. Took 42 members along. In the fall, I was collecting bills for the company, downtown, and in Richmond. In 3 months, I collected $ 1,934.39. In the winter of 1869 I collected all winter. My wages were placed at $60 per month. To Feb. 27, 1869, I had collected $ 2,923.09. In the meantime the various ice companies had consolidated - Cold Spring, Knickerbocker, etc., known as the Knickerbocker now, and on March 22nd we closed 12th and Washington and transferred our business to 9th and Washington Avenue, where Mr. Alex Brown was supt. and I was made foreman. J.G. Matsinger and some other drivers quit our service, going in business for themselves, and John H. Brown took Matsinger's route. 21April 12, I note these ice wagons on Master Street - 16, Willow Street Wharf; 17, Ridge Avenue & llth Street; 15, 22nd & Hamilton Street; 42, 9th & Washington, 11, total 101. April 1, 1869, at Prayer Meeting, Ida Farrell, L. Williams, S. Fox, J.C. Fox, and H. Thompson gave their experiences. April 11, I took a class in the School. April 29, removed from 1201 Lentz Street to 1244 S. 10th Street. Gerritts using 1/2 the house. Rent $30. Rev. Wm. Smith is pastor at Passyunk, has been there for a year or two. On August 22nd, he preached his farewell sermon at the Church. Not having to run our ice wagons on Sundays now, it gave me a better chance to attend School and Church, but I got up so early in the mornings, 1 and 2 o'clock, that when Sunday came I was tired enough to lay in bed all day, nearly, resting. I went up to the Depots in the afternoons. Thursday, Sept. 16, 1869, another child was born at 10 1/2 this A.M. We called him Eugene Gregg. Nov. 3, 1869, took a drove of mules up near Phoenixville to pasture for the winter. I had 5 all hitched together. Got up to Mr. Kennedy's O.K. Dec. 8, Note the Schuylkill closed with 1" of ice, but all clear by the 13th. Working at Spring Mill Ice House. Go up on 6 o'clock train from 9th & Green and come home on the 4:50 train. Dec. 19, 1869, Mrs.Shetzline and Miss Chattin baptized. There was at this time quite a religious revival in the Church and School. 1870 The winter of 69 and 70 was a mild one, there being no ice cutting in the vicinity of Philadelphia. I was engaged in tearing down the ice house along the Schuylkill River, in the neighborhood of the Columbia Bridge at Belmont. The Cold Spring and Knickerbocker houses above the bridge, and the Eagle houses below it. I had a gang of about a dozen men at this work. Note these names: A.W. Garvey, Shuster, Streeper, Minnis, Gallen, Read, Tomlinson, Gallagher, Litzel, Stilwel. Jan. 2, at the Church, Sam & Ruchard Reichner, & Sam Bastian baptized. On the 9th, Mrs. Hartley and 2 Applegates. 16th, Mrs. Ellingsworth. On Sunday, the 23rd, received into fellowship: Mr. & Mrs. Wm. Brown, Mrs. Ellingsworth, Mrs. Rebecca & Simon Vautier, Mrs. Hartley, S. & R. Reichner, S. Bastian, Dom, Menige, Mary Chattin, Ida Menige. During these years in my Diaries I find I lost quite a number of days and parts of days on account of sickness, mostly being sick on my stomach. This complaint has been troubling me for years, but very many times I was compelled to work, though sick, because there was no one else to do the work - I was the last man. March 10 to 14 - At Willow St. Wharf unloading Schr. Dannehower with ice - then back to Belmont, removing cellar stone from the foundation of the ice house. March 26 to 28 - Up to Kennedys, at Kinberton, for stock. Left there with the herd at 7:30 and reached Phila. at 2:15 P.M. March 29 - down to 9th & Washington Ave. again. April 15, 1870 - therm. 88, but next day cold therm. 48. Had on 14 teams. May 8 - Sunday, P.M. a great hail storm occurred, smashing window panes, etc. everywhere. The hail was as big as the proverbial hen's egg's? May 17 - Bought a silver watch from Jeannott & Metzuer for $18. Sept. 27 - Bought an organ for $5 cash from Bruce for S. School. Oct. 3 - Went to Paint Shop at 22nd & Hamilton to work for the winter. Oct. 15 - Took a herd of stock to Mr. Brown's farm at Spring City. Oct. 28 - Initiated into Legion of Honor and Old Soldier organization, but it didn't last long. Dec. 2 - Logan & Gerritt offered me a position as bookkeeper in their produce business at $18 a week, but the offer fell through. Dec. 25, received a pound cake from Mr. Cahill. Dec. 27, at Spring Mill plowing ice - 4 1/2 inches thick and began to run in on the 30th on 6 inch ice. 1871 Jan. 1, Sunday - cutting 7" ice at Spring Mill. Leave home these mornings at 5:30 o'clock, and get home at 8. Jan. 4 - ice, 8", 5th - ice soft, knocked off. 9th - at Mill Creek, cutting ice again - up all night, corking, ice 6-8". Finished filling, January 14th. On the 16th, freshet, ice all goes down river. Feb. 12 - 18, the children were sick at this time, both boys laid up. Feb. 22 - had a talk with Mr. Cahill. It appears that Mr. Brown does not want me at 9th & Washington Ave., but I managed to patch up the differences, and went back again there on March 13th. On the 29th, we had all our ice wagons (16) on. April 8 - hot spell. Therm. 82 - lasted a week. Sat. May 27 - Up from 2 A.M. till 12 P.M. 23Monday, 29th – from 2 ½ to 7 ½. June 20th, 1871 - Gerritts having moved to go storekeeping on 10th abv. Ellsworth, we moved to 1635 S. llth Street, by ourselves. Aug. 5 - Sat., - at work from 2 till 12 - a steady pull all day. Oct. 3 - sent to Germantown to help build the ice depot cor. Armat & R.R. Oct. 10 - Election day, and fierce riots between the whites and blacks around 7th & South. I came down 7th St. and saw a trail of blood on the pavement from South to Lombard St. Nov. 21 - Mr. A. Brown, Supt. at 9th & Washington, died. Mr. John H. Brown, his son, succeeded to the position. Nov. 26 - Mr. Fred Hunter, a member of Hand in Hand Council, residing about 1/4 mile the other side of Penrose Ferry bridge is sick, and I acted as Relief Com. and visited him, also Dec. 3, 10, etc. Sunday, December 24, 1871 - Grace born at 5:30 A.M. 1872 At Germantown on the 1st and 2nd, but at 9th & Wash. on the 3rd. For several terms I have been Financial Secy. of the Hand in Hand Council No. 14, O.U.A.M. This paid me $52 per annum. Wed., Jan. 24th - baby very cross and not well. Jan. 30th - up to Spring Mill getting ready for ice cutting. Worked all day Tuesday, Tuesday night and all day Wednesday. Running in 5 1/2" on ice. Thursday, Feb. 1 - I worked so hard the past few days that I could not get out this A.M. Tried to get up, but couldn't walk across the room, and sick in bed until Feb. 5th. When Mr. Gregg came to see if I wouldn't come in on the 6th, I did so. Up to Mill Creek on Feb. 15th, until the 19th; down to 9th & Washington Ave. on the 20th. March 26th, Willie is man enough to go to Maags by himself now. Eugene has the croup. April 4, 1872, Station 3 burned out. Rev. C. Clay is pastor at Passyunk, ordained Sept. 19, 1872. May 7th, Eugene weighs 33 lbs., Willie 35 lbs. May 20th, Rebecca S. Vautier died. June 22 - up from 1:30 A.M. till 12:30 midnight. This was the orthodox thing every Saturday. Through the week I got done 3 or 4 P.M., up 1 or 2 A.M. 24Aug. 20 - had a fight with a big Yankee drifter named Oscar Thompson. He was too much for me and I got my eyes blackened. Sept. 26 - went to Newark to see the O.U.A.M. Parade. During this fall I was put on the street collecting bills. In October, the epizooty or horse fever and cold was prevalent in Phila. and nearly all the horses in the city had a severe attack of it. Very few teams were able to do business in the city. Dec. 23 - received $5 from Mr. Cahill as a present. Dec. 26 - big snow, 14" on the level. Got stuck at Green Tree until nearly midnight, when 5 engines hauled our 2 passenger coaches down. The next day we tapped the ice to bleed the snow. 1873 Wed. Jan 1 - came down from Mill Creek last night, and didn't go back today. The family all up to Gerritts spending New Years. Since Oct. 1, 1872 I have collected $2,739.90 Jan. 2 - Planning at Mill Creek, but the rain and variable weather prevented cutting until the llth, when we began, ice 9 to 11" 2 to 5" of it being snow-ran in on Sundays and every day until the 16th, when a freshet carried the ice out on the 17th. House well filled. There had been good sleighing since Christmas up to this time. Jan. 22 - children all sick with the Chicken Pox. Jan. 23rd, Cath. Vautier from Camden buried. Jan 29 - coldest day of the season - Therm, at 1 above Zero. Since ice cutting I have been collecting bills. On the 30th, Pastor Clay at supper. He often visited us. Feb. 2 - Mrs. Hoffner very sick. Feb 3 - went to Mill Creek to cut ice again, running in house and cars but it only lasted a couple of days; then I was Pay Master and went to Spring Mill to pay off. Feb. 11 - Mr. Cahill voluntarily promised me an increase of $50 this year if satisfactory. That would be $1000. March 3, 1873. My sister Elizabeth died and was subsequently buried in my Father's lot at Passyunk. March 4 - Mr. John H. Brown Jr. sent to Station 8 for Supt., and Mr. E.F. Gregg succeeded him at our place. I have collected since last fall about $4000. April 22 - Eugene fell on the blocks in the yard and knocked a hole in his head. Dr. Shattuck dressed it. June 18 - Barbara Vautier, my Aunt, died. 25June 21 - Saturday - up at 1 A.M. and done at 11:30 P.M. I usually got up from 1 to 2, and generally done ab. 3 P.M. Sunday, July 20 - got up at ?.A.M. - to Church and Maags - then slept till 4 P.M. - then took a short walk around Buck Corner with the boys. Sept. 3 - went down Darby Creek with Stillwell fishing and gunning in the P.M. I didn't get many half days off - not more than 1 or 2 a year. Sept. 7 - Mr. Goodchild resigned Supt. of the S. School and C. Reichner the asst. managed the School. I am now a member of Passyunk Tribe of Red Men, beside the U.O.A.M. Nov. 26 - Mr. Cahill sent for me and asked me how I would like to be Supt. at 7. It took the breath out of me because I had not thought of such a thing, did not even know that there was a prospective vacancy. I said I guessed I could do it. He said, don't guess, say yes or no. I said yes right quick. It appears that H. Bickley, Jr. is to be removed at 5 - Mr. Gregg, our present supt. is to go to 5, and I am to take Gregg's place. This means much to me. Instead of getting up at 1 or 2 A.M. and irregular meals, outside work, etc., - to get to the office between 6 and 7 and to be the boss of the whole station, bet. 50 and 75 men - and better pay. To be sure, Thanksgiving Day, the 27th, had a double meaning to me, and after all those years of hard and persistent service, it was hard to realize the change, more so when it was so unexpected and unsolicited. My appointment was confirmed Dec. 2. Sunday, Nov. 30 - Will, May Maag, Maggie Hoffner, and some more girls were down to Maags, and Will was chasing them and overheated himself. He was taken with a violent coughing spell, and a long sickness from Pneumonia ensued. Dec. 6 - had no hopes of his recovery. On Sunday 7, no less than 27 visitors called to see him, so some one said. He was alternately bad and better all winter. Dr. Shattuck was to see him once or twice daily all this time. Sunday, Dec. 21 - prepared the Blackboard in the S.S. for Pastor Clay. I have been drawing on the board for the Supt., etc., for years. Another task that fell to me was preparing the children for festivals, anniversaries, etc. 1874 Thursday, Jan. 1 - 1874. Bright and clear, plenty of shooters out, more than I have ever before seen. Had a festival in the School in P.M. Willie Dillon died January 8th. January 13 - had a tin roof put on Mother's 1138 Watkins St. for $50. 26On the 17th of January, I got orders to go to White Haven, went up on the 19th with Mr. John J.Bannan, helped to build and fill the Tannery & Leslie Run ice houses; visited Stetler's Pond, near Summit - and Tobyhanna - had a strike among the men which I settled satisfactory to ourselves; cut 6 to 10" thick; purchased all the supplies, etc. - and made a short visit home on Feb. 22. I came home by order of Mr. Cahill. Norvell told him Will was grieving so for me that he sent for me at once. His Mother had not slept in her bed for 6 weeks, but laid beside his cot in the parlor every night. Left Phila. for the Lehigh again on Feb. 23, and remained there until March 5, 1874. On the 12th, went up the Lehigh and paid off - on the 23rd, went up again and paid off. April 4 - put 601 tons of ice in No. 1 room, 45 ft. to ton. April 5 - Will has not been out of the house for 5 months – went out for the first on April 14th. June 17 - bought a Secy. and bookcase for $35. Monday, July 6th, 1874 - Ruth born 4 A.M., a little black-haired baby. I wanted to call her Madeline, but we compromised on Ruth. Dr. Shattuck got a nurse named Hall. Baby sleeps most of the time. July 15, Ceil down stairs. July 14 - the comet is very brilliant these nights. July 18 - got the Doctor's bill, $82.00. Aug. 10 - ice reduced to 50Ë 100 lbs. Aug. 16 - Will down to Cape May with Uncle Bill Maag. Aug. 20 - Mary Fitzpatrick went to Ireland - $35 for a return ticket, S.S. Illinois. Sunday, Aug. 30 - took the boys - as usual - walking in the P.M. This afternoon, down Ferry Road to elevator, around back channel to League Island, and up Broad Street. Sept. 8 – I note that it has been one of the driest summers I remember. Sept. 17 - At Reading, reunion of the 88th Regiment. Oct. 4 - the boys followed a man whom they thought was Papa away down Passyunk Road below the Church, before they discovered their mistake. Grace says she loves her Pop. Ruth lays on the corner of the lounge and fights her fists. Oct. 21 – I note there was a squabble in Church meeting between the Joe Vautier and Goodchild factions. I took neutral ground and both sides stood off, but in a few weeks they ousted Goodchild. 27Dec. 18 - Eugene sick with diphtheria. I have been sick, a day at a time, a great deal this year. At the School, things have been going from bad to worse. The Supt. don't attend very often and the care of the School mostly revolves on me. 1875 Left Phila. Jan. 3, went to Lehigh Tannery to cut ice. Filling ice house and loading cars. Ice 10 to 14". Sunday, January 10 - Bitter cold. Therm. 20 below zero. Came home on the llth, and went to Spring Mill on the 12th to fill new house. Ice 4 1/2 to 6" thick - 8 to 9". Acted as Paymaster - paid out $4,899.00, and to end, $5,119 Finished filling Spring Mill Jan. 29. River broke up Feb. Mr. Cahill gave me a present of $25. Jan. 28th, Will and Eugene first went to school. In January and February, the chicks were sick a good deal. Grace and Eugene under the doctor's hands. Feb. 19 - went to Princess Anne, Md. to collect bills. Feb. 22 - went to Cape May to fill ice house from cars. Finished on the 27th, and came home. March 2, - went to Easton, PA to collect a bill, from a brewer. He walked away from me, said he didn't have the money, but finally gave me a check dated a week ahead. March 3 - Brother Charles is married and going to housekeeping. Gave him a stove that cost $25. March 10 - at Sunday School meeting, elected Supt., Librarian and Secy, - the reason why? because nobody else would serve. On Sunday afternoon, the 14th, I called the few teachers together, and told them the conditions under which I would accept the Supt. I must have my own way; they must visit the houses in the vicinity; I would abolish the morning school and have only an afternoon session, etc. to all of which they reluctantly assented. March 30 - bought 3 vols. Lossings History of the War for $13.50. April 14 - took the boys to Forpaughs Circus, llth & Wharton. I belong to Post 71, G.A.R., also Red Men & O.U.A.M. May 1 - Eugene sick with scarlet fever. Mr. Geo. Board preaching at the Church. May 23 - Grace has scarlet fever - she was very sick. June 6 - Grace still sick, also Will and Eugene had earache at night. 28June 11 - Will has scarlet rash, Eugene dancing with earache and dumb ague. Grace nearly dead, Ruth cross & fretful, but Ceil bore up bravely under it all. June 16 - chickens all getting better. Sat. June 26 - up at 4 A.M. to Depot, home to breakfast and meals, got home 2 o'clock Sunday morning. July 1 - great Revival in S. School. Aug. 7 - Mary Clark, Emma Ferkler Baptized. Aug. 22 - Lou & Emma Vautier Baptized. July 12 - installed Financial Secy. of the Council for the 14th term. Aug. 9 - Reunion 88th Regiment P.V. Aug. 29 - Ruth has a bad face from teething, better on Sept. 5. Sept. 1 - Boys going to school at 9th & Tasker. Sept. 8 - Ceil, Will, Eugene and Grace full of scabs over face and body. Oct. 2 - Gerritt's moved next door to us, 1637 S. llth Street. Nov. 25 - Thanksgiving Day, and my 32nd Birthday. Dec. 2 - committee from the Church collected $343 to put Mrs. Johnson and Newsminger in the Baptist Home. Mr. Cahill gave me $5 for it. Organized a Relief Socy. in the S.S. Dec. 6 - went to Newark and New York. Dec. 7 - to Mt. Holly. Dec. 12th - had a splendid School. Over 100 present. Parents & Scholars meeting in the evening. 125 present. Dec. 25 - main School has 102 scholars and teachers. Inf. School about 40 more. Dec. 28 - up to Lehigh Valley. My salary was $1100 this past year. 1876 January 1 - up to the Lehigh, but came home today, stopping at Mauch Chunk to see the Lehigh Valley R.R. people about getting freight on ice reduced. Weather warm. Sunday, Jan. 2 - very large School, 102 present. Jan. 3 - little Ruth amuses by backing against the stove door and rattling a noise out of it. Jan. 4 - elected Supt. again. Vote - J.D.V. 11, others 5. 29Jan. 17 - up to the Lehigh again, then to Chunk, fighting freight rates, then home. Moody and Sanky meetings at 13th & Market and I attended several. Great crowds present. Jan. 23 - Sally Clark baptized. Jan. 25 - to Lehigh Valley again, and to Chunk. Got freight pulled down to $1.40 a ton. It was about $2. Began cutting at Tannery on Feb. 3, cut in spells until Feb. 16, when I went home. Sunday, Feb. 2 - 131 in School. Feb. 23 - up to Tannery again, and began cutting ice at Stetlers 15 1/2", Lake 12", Haven 6", Tannery 6", Leslie 6". Working under difficulties, and at night, Monday night I broke in. March 9, Home again. March 19 - Annie Bastian and Eva Masterson baptized. March 26 - J. Tully baptized. Apr. 2 - Wilbraham and wife baptized. April 3 - Visitied the Centennial Bldgs. with Ceil. April 5 - Bought an Estey organ for $120. April 9 - Charles Vautier died, aged 86. April 10 - began taking music lessons from Mr. Cobbin, $5 a quarter. April 17th - Will has the measles. Grace the mumps, Ruth sore mouth. April 30 - Will has the measles. Grace mumps, Ruth sore mouth. She puckers up her lips and says, no want! May 11 - Ruth has the measles. May 10 - the Great Centennial Exhibition opened. May 15 - elected Marshal of Council for Centennial Parade in July, but I declined. May 17 - Ruth weaned, and talks very nicely. May 24 - Grace has measles. May 28 - Mr. Board left the Church. June 11 - had Fathers Meeting at Church. Address by Gen. Wagner. Post 71 down. June 13 - family went to the Centennial. July 20 - great wind storm last night. Houses unroofed. 30Aug. 9 - reunion of 88th at Riverside. Introduced to General Hartranft. Sept. 6 - got $151.74 out of 66 jugs for renovating the S.S. rooms, May Maag and Will Vautier got first prize. I lettered texts on S.S. walls. Sept. 28 - Penna. Day at the Centennial. Took the boys at night to see the fireworks. They were magnificent, but the cars got blocked in the crowd and it was 11 1/2 O'C. before we got home. Tuesday, Oct. 10, 1876 - Paul born at 11 1/4 P.M. Mrs. Clark, nurse. Sunday, Oct. 29 - Nice School, 140 present. Sunday, Nov. 2 - had anniversary at S.S. House crowded. Nearly 600 present. Ad by Rev. G.A. Peltz, & Jos. Taylor. In from 2.45 to 5 o'clock. Extra meetings at Church. Nov. 13 - to Carlisle, to collect a bill. Nov. 15 - to Allentown. Nov. 16 - appointed on committee to get uniforms for our ice drivers. Gave the contract to J. Reeds & Son. I had a very pretty uniform - gold buttons and all. Nov. 12 - went to see City of Paris, a cyclorama. Nov. 27 - went up to White Haven, Lehigh frozen over, ice bad, cut it adrift. Dec. 7 - went to Tobyhanna, came home Dec. 9. On the 12, up the Lehigh again and began cutting on the 18th. Got pretty well filled up when I got a carbuncle on the back of my neck, and Jess Everett and I came down on the 28th. Got my buncle lanced and felt better. 1877 Monday, Jan. 1st - 2 ft. of snow on the ground. On the 9th, the election for Supt. of School - J.D.V. 31, M. M. Frayne, 2. Grace sick, swelling in throat. Ruth sick. She is so fat that she sometimes bites her cheeks. Jan. 11 - went to Spring Mill to help fill the house with ice. Ice 8 to 12" thick. Worked to Jan. 18, when ice got too soft to work. Sunday, Jan. 14 - Splendid School - 142 out. Jan. 15 - Ruth and Paul sick from their lungs. Sunday, Jan. 21 - Willie Masterson buried. The Church has given a call to Mr. Dalby. Feb. 3 - took all the School to see "Paris". Cost $35.35 31Feb. 6 - spoke at the dedication of infant room at Spruce St. Baptist S.S. in eve. Feb. 11 - 157 in School Feb. 13 - to Flemington, NJ to collect a bill. Feb. 17 - I had Mr. Wilbraham copy a portrait of Ceil and when I brought it home and showed it, she was more than surprised. Feb. 22 - delivered a lecture on "Stray Shots" at our Church. March 1 - taking organ lessons from Mr. Zimmerman, $20 a quarter. March 9 - some of the teachers, Mary Hill, Em & Lou Vautier, Lydia Armstrong, and Annie Welsh presented us with a silver ice pitcher. This was the first present I received from the School - many followed in due time. March 11 - 160 at School. Ruth has Spinal Meningitus. March 18 - Miss McLaughlin, Mrs. Ott, Wilbraham, Katie Stewart, C. Clark, Jno. Hill, T. Fox bap. by Mr. Dalby. Mar. 25 - Jas. B. Hofner & Annie Welsh baptized. Mar. 19 - Knickerbocker men out in new uniforms. April 23 - Ceil and I went to Academy to hear Helen Potter. May 10 - saw President Hayes. May 20 - Maggie Gerritt very sick. Notes on the children: Paul sits in his chair and grabs at everything. Ruth says, "Yes, I dos" and does as she pleases. Grace cries a great deal, so does Eugene. Will is as independent as a peacock. May 30 - Memorial Day. Turned out with Post 71. Very busy at the depot on Saturdays, it is nearly always Sunday morning when I get home. In July organized a Rifle Club and went down the Neck to shoot. Bought a Spencer Repeating Rifle for $7.50. July 22 - news of the great R.R. riots in Pittsburgh received. Great excitement in the city. Paul sick about this time. Aug. 11 - Paul very feeble and sick. Appears to be wasting away with marasmus. Aug. 22 - Paul sinking fast. I went to his cradle and called him, but he never opened his eyes nor noticed me at all. On the 3rd, I watched with him all night. He revived a little at 3 A.M., took a few spoonfuls of food, but at daylight he sank again. He was nearing the silent river. At noon he did not notice me, hands and cold feet, eyes set, appeared to suffer no pain, and at 3 1/2 P.M. gently breathes his life away. Our first in Glory. 32Friday - we laid him on the marble top washstand, put a piece of ice in a pan on his stomach, and some in two tumblers at his little head. Sat. Aug. 25 - Bought a lot in Lafayette Cemetery for $62.50, and on Sunday, 5 P.M. we buried him. About 200 people followed his body, Mr. Dalby made a tender address, and the School sang, "When he cometh". Sep. 9 - Rev. J.W. Sullivan of Woodstown preached, ab 80 out in A.M., 100 in eve. 150 in School. Sept. 11 resign as Supt. Of School, but it was laid on the table. At home Ruth amuses us putting on her mother's clothes and strutting about watching her trail. Sept. 19 - went traveling on ice tools for the Co. To Brunswick, Elizabeth, Newark, Jersey City, New York City, Yonkers, Newburg, Poughkeepsie, Rondout, Kingston, Albany, Hudson, Troy, Schnectady, Utica, Syracuse, Rochester, Lockport, Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Batavia, Canandagua, Geneva, Auburn, Ithica, Oswego, Binghampton, and got home Oct. 6th. Nov. 1 - Will coughs considerable, goes to school at 6th & Tasker Sts., 1st Div. He does long division now. Eugene is 3rd Division, and does well, but he is so clumsy that he falls over everything in his way. Grace goes to Buck School, and her teacher gave her a penny. Ruth is as fat as a little pig. Nov. 12 - had a shingle roof put on the Church. Nov. 19 - bought an ice house site above Norristown from Mr. May - 250 x 209 x 175 for $500.00 for the Co. Dec. 9 -biggest School yet, 171 out. Dec. 18 - fair for Church in Restins Hall to Dec. 22. Vote for harness: W.M. Hoffner 1602, Jno. Stinson, 781, G.D. Field, 89, Myers, 110, Theo A. Hendry, 514, Jno. W. Gerritt, 802, Scattering 3. Vote for Watch: Anna Shetsline 630, Lizzie Maag, 508, Lou Vautier, 283, B. Chamberlin, 30. Dec. 31 - resigned Fin. Secy. Hand in Hand Council. 21 of the members of our school baptized in 1877. 1878 Tuesday, Jan. 1 - cold and windy. At Spring Mill with a gang of men repairing roofs. Jan. 4 - river closed, ice 3", but went out on the llth. Jan. 12 - Lucy born 10 minutes to 5 A.M. Dr. Shattuck and Mrs. Henderson nurse. Jan. 13 - biggest school yet - 180 out. Jan. 25 - Left Phila. 1:35 P.M. to New York, Hallowell, Maine eve of 26th. Boarder at J.S. Williams. Began cutting 14" ice Jan. 31. Didn't work on 33Sundays. Cut 22 x 44 in. blocks. Finished house February 13. Built a stack, began to run in Feb. 18, and finished the 26th. Came home, after visiting N. Boothbay on March 2. March 17 - W.M. Hoffner & wife and Annie Sefton bap. by Rev. W. W. Dalby. March 22 - Lucy cries a good bit. Ruth bosses everyone. She whispers that she wants candy and says, "Don't you hear it?" I have considerable sickness lately. April 11 - went to hear John B. Gough on Blunders. April 17 - Lucy don't appear to thrive at all well. Lays on lounge and sucks her thumbs. May 1 - Entered into partnership with John Dunn in Feed Business at 1530 Passyunk Ave., but closed it out Oct. 21. May 10 - had Ruth's picture taken. May 18 - About this time, put up Infant Room at S.S. Ruth promenades the floor with a trail and says, "You know what I want, a penny." June 7 - Lucy right sick. Ruth pinched her finger in the door, and between her sobs said, "Molasses candy would be good for it". June 19 - removed from 1635 S. llth, to 1242 S. 10th St. - Hoffners - their family being away to the sea shore. Grace went with them. June 22 - opened our new infant room - 220 present. June 25 - Uncle John S. Young died. July 14 - sick several days with a gathering in my ear. Will at Atlantic City. July 30 - Eugene at Atlantic. Lucy wasting away. Aug. 6 - Took my card from Post 71 and on Aug. 20 joined Post 5. Aug. 9 - reunion of 88th at Belmont. Aug. 14 - Thoas. E. Cahill buried. He was my friend and benefactor. 216 carriages in line. Sept. 10 - Ceil and I went to the Switchback. Sept. 11 - Ruth went to Atlantic with Aunt Maggie. Will's canary died Sept. 20. Oct. 1 - removed to 1534 S. 10, at $20 per month. Oct. 15 - Lucy appears to be wasting away. Lays on the lounge and sucks her thumb. 34Oct. 23 - Heavy wind today - lots of houses unroofed. Oct. 28 - Lucy very low. Has a flem in her throat, and can hardly cough. Oct. 31 - Will sick with diptheria. Nov. 3 - Lucy too weak even to cry. Nov. 8 - Eugene gets kept in nearly every day. Says his lessons and things are O.K. but the boys in the 3rd row do something bad and the Teacher blames it all on him. Nov. 18 - went to New York and Jersey City, home again on the 19th. Wed. Nov. 20, 1878. Lucy died 6 A.M. She was in bed with us and when Ceil turned over to look at her she was laying calmly and peacefully, but her spirit had passed to God who gave it. Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven. We quietly buried her at 4 P.M. on Thursday beside Paul. She lay in her little white coffin with such a troubled look on her face, but it is all over now. Dec. 4 - We took a surprise party - with all sorts of useful good things - to Timothy Haines. Dec. 10 - Maggie and Bruner Hoffner are very sick. Dec. 14 - took the boys and Bruner to Germantown and saw the Chew House. For past years I have been under treatment of Dr. Buckman of Penn College, Brown St., but he don't appear to do me much good. Dec. 22 - Mrs. Jonathan Vautier, Marie V., Wm. Brooks, Louisa Simon, Lizzie Masterson, baptized. 235 at School. Dec. 29 - 251 present. 10 of our scholars have been baptized since Oct. 77. Dec. 30 - Schuylkill closed at Spring Mill with dirty ice, 5 or 6" thick. 1879 Came in cold and found me at Spring Mill. Acted as paymaster at Sp. Mill, Mill Creek, and Shawmont. A bitter cold spell. Began cutting on the Schuylkill on 6th, 9 & 10" ice, on 7th was sent to Lehigh Tannery. January - 13th, I came out at midnight and opened canal, worked till 9 P.M. ice 14" - didn't run on Sundays - finished 18, 6 ¼ P.M., total time, 63 hours. Then home on the 23rd. Jan. 27 - installed as councillor of No. 14. Then to 9th & Washington Depot. At home, children are well. Ruth gets in her high chair at meal time and makes me carry her, chair and all, to the table. March 7 - joined the A.0.U.Workman No. 155, but being disssatified, in about a year withdrew. 35March 14 - Grace was sent to school after the boys. She boomed into the division and sang out, "Mama wants Willie and Jeanie". All the scholars laughed, but she brought them home. Eugene got awfully dumped about it. Sunday, March 16. 100 out in Church in A.M. Preaching by Pastor Dalby. 140 at night. Mr. & Mrs. Lincoln sang at school in P.M. About 225 scholars and 25 friends out. Apr. 15 - Grace can read a little. Ruth always runs and hides when I come in and says, "I'll lay a penny you can't find me". Augustus born at 12:02 this A.M. Dr. Shattuck and Nurse Henderson. A big, red-faced, black-headed boy who can't open his eyes but who can squeal like a pig. April 20 - Ceil eats more bananas and ice cream and candy than any sick person, but the nurse don't know it. Wally Hoffner says the baby looks like a nanny goat. May 6 - Ceil very sick. In the night Ruth was taken sick and vomited a great deal, but never cried once. May 7 - Eugene sick. May 9 - I came home sick. May 26 - took all the family out in the Park this P.M. except Guss, who stayed home with Mrs. Caldwell. May 29 - Ceil took the baby out for the first time, to Maag's. He is cross, and just beginning to notice things. June 4 - 10 - Ceil took Guss, Ruth, Grace and Maggie Hoffner up to Bill Maags. I went to 10th & Reed in the evening to meet them. When we changed for the little car, Guss cried so lustily that we had to walk home with him. June 15 - reopened S.S. Room with new benches, the gift of W.M. Hoffner. June 30 - the boys are on vacation, and spend most of their time down the Neck. They are not the sweetest boys in the world. Will is such a mule, and Eugene is such a pouter and a cry baby. Guss is getting very fat. July 9 - took all the family out to Exhib. Bldg. to see Pinafore. July 12 - Guss is right good. Will lays on the lounge and laughs when Ruth rubs his legs and Gene chucks his chin. July 16 - Hottest day for 3 years - 100 in shade. July 22 - Took a lot of boys - Will, Eugene, Bruner Hoffner, John Maybin, Matt Simon, and John & Will Hoffner to Fairmont Park. Aug. 15 - boys have a tent pitched in 3rd story and lots of little soldiers, etc. Will makes bricks down at Maags but they fall to pieces. Guss is growing nicely and is better. Eugene is his favorite, and he will get out of bed at night if he hears him cry. Eugene says Will holds him upsidedown 36to get rid of him. When Ruth gets crossed she says she wishes she wasn't herself. Sept. 26 - Rented 943 Federal St. at $16 a month. Removed on the 29th. Grace goes to 12th & Federal. Nov. 12 - Will and Grace take music lessons. Nov. 23 - 242 at School. Nov. 26 - took a surprise to Pastor's Dalby's - left $70 in cash and groceries. Dec. 3 - boys in long pants. Ceil bought Ruth a Jap. Tommy. which she thinks is handsome, but Guss won't touch it. Dec. 16 - took the children to see Gen. Grant's reception at Broad & Federal. I went to Grant's Camp at the Academy on the 18th. Christmas - rainy. Last Xmas the boys got up in the night and inspected the fixings, but this time we locked them in. Dec. 30 - reelected Supt. of the School, but declined. 15 of our scholars baptized this year. My salary was $1400 in 1879. 1880 Had a big time at the S.S. Festival, Jan. 1st, - 75 lbs. cake, 153 lbs. candy, oranges, etc. Teachers gave me a silver cake basket. In January, the company began fixing up their new depot on Pier 37 S. Wharves, and I am to go there to manage it. Winter to date remarkably mild. Few cold days. Jan. 30 - Guss cross on account of teeth. When we try to put him down he will hold on like a leech. He gets hold of Ruth's Jap and pounds it on the floor. He will lean way around a corner to see who is on the other side. Sunday AM, Jan. 25 - largest congregation in the AM - 125 out, 200 at school. Jan. 26 - left Phila. and went to Hallowell, Maine. Weather warm, no ice, no snow, this side of Boston, but they were cutting ice on the Kennebec. Began to fill Hallowell on Jan. 30 - ice 14 to 16" - didn't work on Sundays, field swamped by heavy wind and tide - much delay by warm spells - had to work at nights sometimes. Finished March 4th. When at Hallowell, I rise here to remark, I always attended the Baptist Church and School, and occasionally the M.E., Epispocal, Presby. and Universalist Churches. I was intimate with many of the best citizens of the city - Mayor, Postmaster, etc., - and always was well and kindly received by all. 37Came home March 6, but Guss didn't know me. He has a very sore mouth. Ruth is a pig on bananas. She is getting thin. About this time, trouble was brewing at the Church between the pastor and a faction led by Deacon Jos. Vautier, which finally culminated in the exclusion of J. Vautier, J.J. Wilbraham, & Anna Shetzline on April 17th. I sided with Dalby, tho it is not my fight. It all injured the Church very much. April 10 - Guss, Ruth and myself sick. Grace No. 4 in school. Eugene is No. 4 - Class of 64, Will 21, Class of 53. April 13 - opened the new depot at Catherine St. Wharf. April 22 - Uncle Win. Shetzline came to my house and charged me with vilifying his girls - Frank Esquirrel was with him. I put them both out. Ruth has lots of trouble, her Mother won't let her bring one of Hoffner's cats home, and Grace's night dress is longer than hers. May 23 - 150 in school. May 26 - removed to No. 21 Catherine St., $21 per month from Peter Lamb. 3 rooms on the 1st floor, 4 rooms and bath on 2nd floor, 2 rooms in the attic, and a side yard. May 27th - Gus has the measles. Children like the new place, so much yard. They have lots of company – Hoffner's children - Minnie Dalby - Sue Hoff - Wimer Barlett, etc. June 14 - Guss sick with his bowels. June 20 - 170 in School. June 29 - took the boys and Bruner to Ridgeway Park to swin. July 5 - Ceil sick with Malarial Fever. Ruth has a long night dress and its the delight of her life. Mary Fitzpatrick often takes the chicks down the river. Sally Dillon died last night, July 18, 1880. When Gus wants a drink, he says "gunk" with the "G" hard. A lead pencil behind my ear amuses him. He likes Will better than all the children. On Aug. 1 he made his first attempt to walk. Grace and Eugene have to clear the table and wipe the dishes but its a great hardship to both. At meals, Gus tries to return thanks. Sept. 1 - Ruth went to school today. The Teacher asked for her parents names. She said Uncle Domonique and Aunt Doll. Boys go to school on Christian abv. Front. Girls on Catherine near 3rd. Sept. 14 - boys went to Beck School. 38Sunday, Sept. 19 - to M.E. Bethel S.S. 9 1/4 A.M., Bethel Bap. Ch. 10 1/2, at our S.S. 2 1/2 - 175 out - at 3rd Ch. with Ceil in evening. It is comical to see Guss follow and hug little Elsie Hoffner. Nov. 25 - an unprecendented cold spell. 2 or 3" snow on the ground. Guss don't know what to make of it. Nov. 26 - Mother weaned Guss, using a piece of porous plaster. Dec. 1 - concert at our Ch. - Eugene, Will and Grace sang. Dec. 11 - more cold. The rivers up above town all frozen over. Dec. 12 - warmer. 195 at School. Dec. 21 - a foot of snow on the ground. At this time I had a sick spell, under the Doctor's care. Dec. 26 - the streets blocked with snow. Am going to Irvin's Fishery to fill those houses, and I go up frequently, the snow almost ruined the ice. I am not feeling well. 1881 Came in cold. At Kinkora, Therm. 20 below zero. On the jury, but Judge Fell excused me. On Jany. 5th, I was examined for a pension. Went up to Irvins, and boarded at Mr. John H. Wright's, came home Saturday night. Guss is always glad to see me, and carries my slippers around nearly all day. Jan. 9 - at School - Pastor Dalbey on behalf of the School presented me with a handsome gold watch. Currier movement No. 58997. I was more than surprised. Jan. 13 - opened at the Fishery on canal and began to run in on Sunday the 16th. I came up on the 17th. Ice 6 1/2 to 9". Had night gang on also. On 19th, I ran the night gang and ran all this day - knocked off Jany. 21 with 221 ft. in. Jan. 23 - 202 at School. In eve, 15 or 20 inquirers. Guss sick - Spinal meningitus. Jan. 25 - opened up again at Ivins, and ran to 29th. Up to Spring Mill cutting ice till the 10th, when mild weather knocked us off and rains made a big ice gorge up the Delaware and Schuylkill. Feb. 22 -Ruth can read a little. Will is No. 19 in his division, Eugene No. 12, Grace No. 2, Ruth No. 3. Ruth finally got to be No. 1. March 14 -17 I was sick in bed. March 18 - Guss talks a little now. March 24 - sick in bed, malaria and vaccination, to the 31st. 39April 15 - Initiated in Advance Council 155 Legion of Honor and dropped the A.O.U. Workman in Oct. May 4 - Ceil joined the Legion of Honor. May 29 - took Guss to S.S. and he laid on the floor and kicked and yelled for "jhink milk". June 12-I was about 3 minutes late in S.S. - the first late since I have been Supt. July 1 - took the family out rowing on the river. July 16 - at wharf from 2 A.M. to 11 P.M. August - at Reading at Reunion of 88 Veterans, and elected President of the Regiment. Aug. 13 - hottest day of the season - 102 in shade. Will down to Atlantic. Aug. 20 - Mary Jane Caldwell took Ruth down Passyunk Road and had her ears pierced. She is very proud of her ear rings. Sept. 8 - took some S.S. boys to West Park in Express Wagon. Sept. 20 - All ice wagons draped in honor of President Garfield. So were the Churches - buildings, etc. and the bells tolled. Sept. 28 - hot dry spell - Therm. 93 today. Some of the girls told Ruth she was the prettiest girl in school, and she is mightily well pleased about it. Guss has a water pot which he drives around for a "colly" horse. Oct. 12 - Deacons J.W. Hill, W.M. Hoffner, and J.R. Jones ordained as deacons. I refused to be so set apart, but act as Deacon. Ceil has a class of girls. Nov. 29 - Will, Ruth and Grace are taking lessons on the organ on alternate weeks. Dec. 18 - 225 at School. Christmas Day - weather very mild. I saw children running in their bare feet today. I have been in very bad health frequent sick spells during the past year. 9 of our scholars baptized during last year. Got $1400 salary this year. 1882 Came in clear and pleasant - Sunday the 1st. 180 at School, I came home sick. The New Year Shooters didn't shoot, because the Mayor prohibited it. Reelected Supt. of School. Jan. 15 - 203 at School, with many inquiries. Left Phila. for Maine, on the 18th, not very cold, but on the 23rd 16 below zero. Began cutting ice the 25th - 15" thick or more - on the 29th at Hon. Wm. Wilson's for Tea. 40Hundreds of tons thrown on the dump - old machinery working very badly - delayed on all sides - ice, weather, machinery, etc. Sunday, Feb. 12 - gave a B.B. lesson at Bap. S.S. and led the singing at praise meeting in the evening. Got scolded by Mr. D.W. Hunt because I didn't run poor ice in house - filled house, built a stack - worked nearly every night until midnight while on the stack and last house and finished all up Feb. 27. Then the weather got warm, and ice cutting stopped. Reached home March 2nd. Sunday, March 5 - 228 in School. Organized and led the choir in the gallery. Thursday Eve. March 23, at Passyunk Prayer meeting, 70 out. Friday 24, at 3rd Ch. Prayer Meeting, 150 out. Guss holds the molasses pitcher up and says, "Come Jack". Ruth has a brown silk dress made by Aunt Maggie which she thinks is splendid. Eugene's face is mostly black as a thundercloud. April 24 - Ceil weighed 120 lbs. Guss 34 lbs. Had his picture taken. I had a sick spell last of April. When Guss is mad at Grand Ma he tells her to bounce, but if they are chums, he don't say bounce once. Sick in the early May. May 29 - Eugene went to work at the Baptist Publication Socy., 1420 Chestnut St. June 4 - when Guss is at Grandmas, he hugs and kisses all the little girls who go by, whom he can catch. June 30 - Eugene brought home his first pay - $18.80. July 16 - Resigned as Supt. of S.S. but not received. Sept. 4 - bought a rifle at Tryons for $14. Sept. 6 - there is always a crowd of children at our house. This P.M. Lydia McDonald, Elsie Dalby and Sally Vautier were up. Guss says Sallie is his mash. Ruth has a pet chicken that roosts on the dining room door. Sept. 16 - Eugene left the Pub. Rooms. He was too small, but his mother got him in Sharpless, $2.50 a week. Sept. 25 - great fire at Harvemyers Sugar House, Delaware and Bainbridge. We were thoroughly scared. Though it was 4 1/2 A.M. we packed all up, had horses all harnessed and ready to move in a moment's notice. It was an awful fire but the roofs were wet from a rain the night before and that saved us. Eugene got demoralized and snatching his bird cage in one hand and his clothes in the other, he started up Catherine St. for a haven of rest, but soon changed his mind and returned to the 41Paternal Nest. Ruth's first care was for the chicken. But all's well that ends well, and so this. Sunday Oct. 1 - 245 at School. 125 at Ch. in Eve. Oct. 12 - Anniversary at S.S. House jammed. The boys had Christian Mariner - Willie Brown, Captn., who was subquently lost at sea - the Lighthouse, etc. A great time, and we repeated it, Thursday, the 19th. Oct. 24 - the Bi-Centennial Parade. Took the family at night in the wagon to the Park to see the fireworks. Guss drove. Nov. 13 - Eugene found $13 on the floor at Sharpless and gave it to the Cashier. Nov. 29 - took a surprise party to Pastor Dalbey's. Had $25 in cash and lots of good things. Dec. 20 - went to Lehigh Tannery ice 9 to 10" thick. Came home on 23rd. 19 of our S.S. members baptized this year. 1883 Left Phila. Jan. 3 to New York, Boston, Portland & Hallowell, on the 4th at 5 P.M. Began cutting on the 5th. Ice 16 to 17 to 24". Put 23,000 in 17 1/2 days, cost 12 cents per ton. Finished on the 26th. Left Hallowell midnight 26th, on sleeper, Boston and home on the 27th. Feb. 12 - Eugene is at work on Dock St. as an errand boy for W. Callar & Co. Feb. 26 - my rent of 28 Catherine St. is raised to $22.50 a month. Early part of March I was sick with malaria. Didn't get out for a week. April - Ruth and Guss have the mumps. April 12 - promised an increase of $100 in salary, making $1,500. April 19 - Concert at S.S. Guss and Elsie and May Hoffner sang Mary and Martha and Guss hugged and kissed them at every chorus. Eugene and Grace sang Reuben and Rachel. May 19 - Guss has a scarlet rash. Grace erysipelas. May 27 - largest School - 270 present. June 3 - 242 out. June - I have a whole lot of chickens in the back yard. July 12 - took brown wagon down to the neck to post excursion posters and got caught in a storm. July 16 - Evan's parrott is in our house most of the time. It is very fond of Guss, following him all around and flying at any one who touches him. 42Aug. 2 - tried to go on our S.S. excursion to Chestnut Grove on Moses Taylor's, but rain prevented. I got soaked hauling people home in a wagon. Aug. 7 - Fire at K. Depot, Willow St. Wharf, 37 head of stock burned. Aug. 16 - tried to excursion again today, but rain prevented. Aug. 22 - Finally took our School to Zoo and Sweet Brier. Aug. 25 - Hoffner and I went to Gettysberg. Stopped at the Old Homestead. Home on the 27th. Sept. 16 - took collection at S.S. for new communion service, $54. Oct 9 - Guss woke up about 11 1/2 P.M. crying that he has a pain in "him tomach". We found he had a band of gun twisted under his ring, and his finger was much swollen. This removed the pain. Oct. 15 - went to Kate Maag's funeral. Eugene got bounced for going to the funeral. He got a place at Drees seed house at $3 a week. Oct. 24 - S.S. anniversary in eve. House full. Presented with a rifle and cane. Nov. 4 - Pastor Dalbey resigned. Nov. 11 - at S.S. 135 out - Grace rose for prayer. Nov. 12 - Guss fell in a tub of water and nearly drownded. Nov. 14 - Guss fell down while hugging Hettie Rival on a chair and cut his nose badly. Took Donation Party to Lockwoods at night. Nov. 23- I sang in War Song Concert for 2nd Regiment at Academy of Music in eve. Led by C.M. Schmidt. Nov. 25 - Mr. Dalbey preached his farewell on Nov. 25. Presented him with cane and umbrella, and Laura with umbrella. 200 out in A.M. 216 at S.S. 450 in eve. Dec. 23rd – Mr. Sagebeck preached. Heavy snow in the P.M. I stayed and led the singing, and had a hard time getting home in the eve., snow up to our knees and cars not running. Had a big time at X mas. 10 members of S.S. baptized in 1883. My health has been bad - all these years many sick spells. Got $1,500 salary this year. 1884 Came in mild and rainy. Festival at School in P.M. Had 350 boxes. Jan. 8 - Left Phila. 11:15 A.M., left N.Y. 4 P.M., but ran into a heavy storm on Long Island Sound in night had to put in into New London. Left there next day 11 A.M. Awful sea when we rounded Pt. Judith, but the Bristol was a stunch boat and I reached Boston O.K. Hallowell on the 10th. 43Opened the icefield on the 14th, ice 16, 18", Jan. 16. Then 18 below zero, on 21st, from 18 to 24 below. Finished filling the house on the 25th, then turned on the stack, and finished all up on the 26th. Jan. 28 - then 44 below. Took a 30 mile sleigh ride and nearly perished from the cold. Left Hallowell on the 29th, and home on the 30th. Feb. 3 - 200 at S.S. 100 at Ch. in A.M. Feb. 16 - Rifle Co. (Passyunk) organized, and I am captain. Mr. Dalbey baptized Mrs. Vollmer, Annie E. Vollmer, etc. Feb. 22 - had a big shoot at the range. I win first prize – a Remington rifle - score 39 out of 50. 200 yards. Guss insists that Hettie Rival and he are going toget married. Ceil says jump over a broomstick, but he insists that he wants to get married with a baby. March 14 - about 5 AM Watchman Harorecht in great excitement rang the bell and said something had happened to Stableman Rivel. Ceil and I went down and found he had tried to commit suicide by hanging. He wasn't dead then, but died on the 15th. I raised about $75.00 to help her in her trouble, the Company giving her $50. April 4 - took vote at Prayer meeting this evening - H. Sherman 9, no choice 6, Jas. Walden 6, N.M. Baldwin 2. No election. Apr. 16 - Rev. Critchlow preached, and to our house for dinner and tea. I was showing him some war books, when Guss volunteered the information that Pecks Bad Boy was a very nice book. April 18 - E.W. Saphore led prayer meeting. On May 8 he was elected pastor: Saphore 31, Walden 7, no one 2, 46. On the llth, Saphore preached, 75 or 80 present. 158 at S.S. May 21 - Rifle Match at Stockton Range, 10 men each. Score: Passyunk Co. 369. Cosmopolitan 342. Possible 500. J.D.V. 42. We have lots of chick and 2 ducks. One duck died, and Grace tramped on the other and killed it, and Ruth had a duck funeral. July 14 - went with Will to get a place. He is offered: Chusing, Stationary, $2.50 (138 Market St.), Buse, Segars, 3 abv. Market, $3., Morris & Lewis, Cloth. House, $2. Accepted the last. July 24 - Ceil, Eugene, Gus and Wally H. & I went up on the Tug Kensington to see big ship El Paso launched. Ceil got sick at the yard. August 10 - slight earthquake felt. Aug. 27 - out to Park. In evening surprise party came to our house and presented me with 2 Harpers History of War, I sent out and got 6 quarts of cream and 3 lbs. candy for 'em. 44Sep. 5 - Ceil and the women from the Church cleaned the minister's house. Will has left Morris & Lewis. Sep 8 - the girls got frightened last night. Said a man was by their bed and set up such a squealing and yelling as the world never heard before. They scared us all, but they were only dreaming. Sept. 11 - went gunning in P.M. to Tinnicum with Bob Stillwell. Got 2 1/2 doz. Reedies. In evening, took a donation to Pastor Saphore, $30 in cash and other things. Sept. 30 - Will went to work at Dannenbaums. Oct. 11 - went to hear Gen. Ben Butler and St. John - presidential candidates - speak. Oct. 1 - doing up Sauerkraut - Guss stole a head of cabbage and ran into Evans with it. Nov. 8 - had another big scare. Tunis box factory back of us burned out 2 A.M. Great excitement and our house was threatened, but by liberal use of water we saved it. Dec. 5 - my hands very sore from ivy poisoning. Ceil sick a good deal, likewise myself and children. Dec. 7 - 170 in S.S. 150 at Praise Meeting in eve. Dec. 12 - gave Ceil $20 gold piece for Xmas present. Dec. 27 - got set of teeth from Webb $8. Will out of a place. 9 of our scholars baptized into the Church this year. 1885 Mild, cloudy. All the snow and ice gone. At S.S. festival presented Pastor Sappori with a gold watch. Got Annie Vollmer to teach Ceil's class. Left Phila. Jan. 2, and went to Hallowell. Ice 10". Got milder after we got there. On the 6th it rained, and Marion and I went on the ice, water on top a foot deep, and cut a canal across the brook to keep our ice field clean. It was blowing and raining fierce. Repeated this again on the 12th. Jan. 13 - led the Gospel Meeting at Spaulding's Hall, crowded. Commenced cutting Jan .21, ice 11,14, 15, 20, 21". Jan. 26 - got a ducking in the canal to my arm pits. Jan. 28 - Therm. 10 below - very piercing wind, quit at noon, too cold to work. Feb. 5 - snowed all night and all day - only a few men working on snow. In A.M. I went down to the field alone, and walked on the snow into the 45river. I tried to get out but couldn't. My overcoat and boots and arctics weighed a ton. I would have drowned, but a man near the ice house named Pinkham happened to see me go down and he ran down and pulled me out. I took care of Pinkham while I was at Hallowell. It was a mighty close call, and when I was struggling in the water, with it running over my shoulder, I thought my probation had ended. However, they hauled me up to the house in a sleigh, and I changed my clothes, and came back to work again. I did not write Ceil anything about it. Feb. 10 - cold rain all day; I got soaking wet. The 5th wet skin I've had this winter. I will never come on the ice again without gum boots and a gum coat. Feb. 12 - Therm. 13 below, but not cold, quiet wind. Finished filling on Feb. 13th and went home. Found Guss in pants. Eugene working at Claflins Shoe Store, Chestnut below 9th. All Hoffner's children up. Indeed they are up nearly all the time. Guss will not allow me to fondle the children or his mother; he takes all that for himself. Had stained paper put on the S.S. windows by W.C. Young for $53. New Pulpit for the Church $27.00 and new Library $60. April 12 - 170 at S.S. 125 out at night. Monday April 13, down to Church for rehearsal for concert. When I came home Ceil had a congestive chill with her feet in a tub of hot water. I hurried her off to bed and tried to warm her up and presently got her quiet. Next day Dr. Baxter said it was pleurisy and May and Grandmother Maag came up. Wednesday, no better. Saturday Dr. Baxter to see her three times, but not greatly concerned, thinks she will be about soon. Sunday A.M. the 19th, I didn't go out, but in the afternoon I went to School and in the evening she insisted I go to help the Pastor. On Monday she was worse, and we called Dr. Deakyne in for consultation. He says it is very grave case. She bears her illness with patience. I asked her if she wanted anything – she put her arms around my neck and said, "I want you." She has been flighty, at time, from the first, but always recognized everyone. She is much troubled with nervousness. Aunt Main and Mary up. I saw in the afternoon a decided change for the worse, and then I almost lost hope. I stayed up with her all night, as I have every night, but she grew worse, and I saw the end was coming. About 7 1/2 A.M. I called the children, except Eugene, who had gone on an errand, and they came to see their Mother die. Her breath came shorter and shorter, and between 7:35 and 40 it creased altogether, and quietly and peacefully she passed into the great beyond, safe in the arms of her Saviour. I could think of nothing more appropriate than the 23rd Psalm, and so she is gone. Called Bowen the undertaker in to prepare for burial. On Wednesday a great many kind friends called to express their sympathy. Aunt Main 46stayed with us and by her kindness cheered us all. On Friday we buried our loved one. Rev. W.W. Dalbey and Saphore officiated. A great mob of people - very many, I fear, from curiosity, thronged the house. The house and side yard and front pavement was blocked. The men from the station sent a beautiful floral tribute, "Gates Ajar". There was also a Broken Column, Pillow, Wreaths, etc., probably $50 or more in cost. When the funeral started, there were about 20 vehicles and a line of people walking more than a square long and more waiting at the Lafayette Cemetary - but it was all poor consolation for her loss. Rest in Peace. Mary Fitzpatrick was up the next day. May Maag came up. Sunday 26 - had a Memorial Service at the Church. In the afternoon Wall led the School. I could not do it. Her seat was vacant. Annie Vollmer took her class and succeeded her as Treasurer of the School. Great revival in the School. 15 or 20 of the Young people rose for prayer, including Grace, Ruth and Eugene, at night. When we came home at night, the bitterist pang was to pass by the cemetery, I thought I must go in and bring her. I gave Mary F. a $10 gold piece and May Maag a $5 for a token of their sympathy and help. May 2 - Uncle John Vautier found dead this A.M. May 3 - sick, but down in P.M. About 25 inquirers went into the inquiry room, including Will, Eugene, Grace, Ruth, Maggie & Bruner Hoffner. May 4, - I received $24 from Post and $30 from Tribe, funeral benefits. May 6 - Uncle John buried. Mr. Dalbey, Saphore, and myself spoke. Church crowded. May 9 - Willow St. - Sta. 4 - burned out again. May 14 - all my children (except Guss) gave in their experiences. Ruth especially gave a tender testimony - and were baptized on May 17th. Also Bruner and Maggie, and they received the right hand of fellowship on May 24th. June 3 - at the Exchange I bought 731 Federal St. for $2843 ($2620, 200 Mort., 23 Int.). June 6th - May Felton is going to get married, and I hired Lizzie Rivel for housekeeping at $3 a week, and May left on the 15th. Pay Mrs. Rivel 75Ë a week to wash. June 30 - borrowed $250 for Mr. D.W. Hunt to settle for the house. Gave him a note payable on demand. Had a range put in kitchen at 731 by Ernest. July 16 - moved from 28 Catherine to 731 Federal. 47Aug. 3 - terrible cyclone - 3:30 P.M. - swept up the Jersey shore, doing great damage. I saw it all. Aug. 11 Paid Mr. Ernest $50 on account, range, etc. Oct. 5 - Guss went to school, but he cried so much that the Teacher sent him home. He said he thought Lizzie might want him, and the boys tramped his toes at recess. He insists that he isn't going back to school at all, but is going to be a blockhead and a dummy and all that is bad. Oct. 10 - Wall, Main, Wallie, Aunt Kate and I went to Washington with the 88th Excursion. Stopped at the St. James, Pa. Ave.- went to Capitol, Monument, etc. Sunday, to soldiers Home, Arlington, Long Bridge, Georgetown, Calvary Bap. Church. I went out to Fort Stevens, in eve. to 5th Bap. Ch., Rev. C.C. Meade, Island Hall, etc. Monday - Lincoln Hospital, Botannical Garden, Nat. Museum, Smithsonian Institute, Treasury and President's House and shook hands with President Cleveland; then Corcoran Art, Winder Bldg. The rest of the party came home, but I went to Alexandria. Heavy rain at night. Tuesday - left Braddock House and went to Battlefield of Bull Run, via Manassas Junction - then back to Alexandria, and home at 7:30. A glorious trip. Oct. 16 - Guss goes to school to Miss George. Tore out chimney place in the dining room and had new gas fixtures put up. Nov. - Will and Eugene go to night school at 12th & Federal. Wed. eve. Nov. 4 - had an anniversary at School. Fruits and flowers. House jammed. Nov. 5 - May Maag Felton married at her house 1420 S. Juniper St. Gave her 1/2 doz. goblets with initials, $3.25. Nov. 9 - Lizzie Rivel left, and Maggie Gerritt installed as housekeeper. Pay her $2.75 and Mary $1 for washing. Thanksgiving, 26 - had a turkey shot at the Rifle Range. W.M. Hoffner took the first turk, I took the biggest, J. Dunlop, the most. Dec. 16 - had an elegant Memorial Service at Ch. in honor of deceased members. Very impressive. Large audience. Dec. 20 - Church reopened upstairs with memorial window, new furniture, etc. Dec. 25 - Xmas. A horse ran away from Broad & Chestnut Sts. To the Wharf, jumped overboard, and after swimming around for an hour was towed to Smith's Island and landed. Dec. 28 - Eugene went to work at Conovers, 905 Market St. In 1885 there were baptized from S.S. - Lewis Jones, Maggie Wilkinson, Nettie Parker, Lizzie King, Mamie Stark, EmmaKinsey, Annie Lockwood and Mattie, 48Mamie Williams, Harry Kinsey, Ida Stewart, Will, Eugene, Grace & Ruth Vautier, Bruner & Maggie Hoffner, Lilly Noble, Jennie Gladney, Ida Braker, Jno. Beattie, Laura Chambers, Maggie Montgomery, Lizzie Williams, Eva Suares, Will Brown, H. Hooren, W.F. Corbitt, G.G. Cooper, J.M. Cassidy, Beckie Pinkerton, By Lettu, S.W. Yeates, Mrs. Louxm Laura Oliver, E. Loux. In 1885 I suffered a great deal from sickness. 1886 Jan. - had Festival at S.S. Punch & Judy - 205 lbs. candy, 300 oranges, etc. No snow on the ground. Jan. 12 - to Kinkora, NJ. Began cutting on the 16th, ice 7 to 8". Home on Sunday, up again on the 18th and cut. Loaded cars. Stopped cutting on the 26th - too warm. Began again Feb. 3, but only cut one day. Feb. 3 - had an article on Bull Run in the Weekly Press. I received $40 for this piece. In March I began to write the History of the 88th Penna. Regiment at the earnest solicitation of the members of the old regiment, who by a unanimous vote, chose me as Historian. Began April 26. March 25 - on Committee to visit the Soldier's Orphan Home at 23rd & Brown on behalf of Post 5, G.A.R. Guss always returns thanks at meals, saying "God Bless all the good things - Papa, Aunt Maggie" and all who are in his favor but skips all who don't stand well in his estimation. Eugene left Conroy's and went to Dietrichs, Chestnut St., $5 a week. May 12 - 2 or 3 hours every evening on history. June 26 - examined for pension. In waiting room 9:45 to 3:45, and was awful sick. The Doctors stripped me and told me to hop around the room. It made me very sick and I had to vomit in a bucket. But it got me the pension. June 23 - Will and Grace to Annie Vollmer's in the evening, Eugene wouldn't go because his linen collar wasn't dry. June 30 - Concert at Church. Ruth sang "Janet's Choice" and "Grandmother's Chair", Guss and Elsie "Uncle Joe". Will still working at Joel Bailey's $150 yearly. Sunday July 25 - I occupied the pulpit all day. Pastor away. Dr. Campbell is now treating me. Aug. 19 - My eyes went back on me. Writing too much at night. Have to put 100 hours writing at night since I began the history of the 88th. Went 49to see Dr. Fox, oculist, 1306 Walnut St. Got eye glasses, $1.25, at Queens. Sept. 10 - Ruth staying at Vollmers a couple of days. Sept. 8 - Guss and I went to the State Fair. Sept. 30 - At Baptist Council to Upland to ordination of Wm. Henry Calder. Oct. - Put on tin roof, $40 by Moore, and raised wall, at a total cost of $85, at 731. Oct. 23 - Our Rifle Co. shot a match at Point Breeze with the Pt. B. Team. Score Passyunk 170, Pt. Breeze - 178. I made 45, which was not beat. Now Guss is No. 1 in his division, and brings home lots of good notes. Baptized from S.S. in 1886 - Sara E. Vautier, Emma Harren, John Hoffner and Wally and Kate, F. Sigmund, McClatchy, Wm. Robinson, B. Duerdin, Maggie Fuller, Birdie Garton, Mamie Fletcher, Wm. Swigler, Fred Chambers, W.A. Stewart. 15. I was sick a great many days in 1886, mostly attended by Dr. Campbell. 1887 Came in wet and slushy. Dead loads of shooters parading. Festival at School. 200 lbs. Candy, Punch and Judy, marionettes, etc. Sunday 2, - Maggie Gerritt sick yet. 100 at Ch. in A.M. 200 at S.S. Preaching by Pastor Saphore. Jan. 7 - Went up the Lehigh, filling the White Haven houses, and nearly filled them. Jan. 17, Came home, went to Pottsville, Tumbling Run Dam, on the 19th. Sunday, 23 - So. Bap. Ch., Rev. J.M. Guthrie. Began cutting ice on the 25th. Both here and at Haven we worked every night until 10 o'clock. Didn't work on Sundays. Home Feb. 12 and back again on the 14th. I took Guss with me, and stopped at Malones Knickerbocker Hotel. Home again on the 15th. Ruth's Tiny dog acted so strangely that I shot him. I brought 3 flying squirrels home from Pottsville and the children had lots of fun with them. Feb. 21 - Ruth left the squirrels out and couldn't catch them, Florence Vollmer diving under the bed after them nearly cracked her skull on the chamber and made a big lump. I saw Annie Vollmer home from Church. This was the first - not the last. Ruth is afraid to sleep in the 3rd story for the squirrels. Last night they roamed all over the house, jumping over beds, etc. March 10 - Bought a watch for Will from Richardsons, 2 & Congress, for $35. 50March 27 - at Vollmers for supper, the initial tea. July 9 - to Gettysburg, home on the llth. July 13 - rec'd. Pension certificate 362639, $2 per month from Sept. 19, 1864 to Jan. 5, 1881, $4 per month Jan. 6, 1881 to date, $698.93. In evening, went to Annie and asked her how she would like me for a husband. She was agreed, so we asked God to bless us, and I went home. Gave Annie an engagement souvenir, a breastpin with three tiny diamonds in the petals, cost $13. July 27 - When I bought 731, I had a mortgage of $1,800 on it. I paid off $400 of it today, leaving $1,400 due. I also had the kitchen built out 2 or 3 feet, cost $37.50. Sunday, Aug. 7 - Pastor Saphore on vacation. I occupied pulpit all day. Aug. 31 - children out to the Park, Elsie Hoffner fell off seesaw and broke her arm. Sept. 8 - Guss, Annie and I went to State Fair. Guss had a good time on swinging chairs, etc. On 88th Gettysburg Monument Committee - Gen. Wagner, Col. Beath, Gen. Gile, Col. G.E. Wagner and myself. Sept. 14 - shook hands with Gen Sheridan at Post 5. Sept. 21 - Went by invitation to meeting of 90th Regiment and gave them their idea for a tree monument at Gettysburg. At Snyder Ave, Bap. Church on council and recognition services. Oct. 12 - tore out fire places in 2nd and 3rd story of 731. Oct. 18th - at Parade, unveiling Meade's statue in the West Park, then to Banquet given to Post 327 of Brooklyn at Belmont. Speeches by Gov. Beaver, Gen. Rea, Fairchild, Harper, and others. Then to Union League. Dec. 17 - Guss fell down the stairs at Hoffners and hurt his head. Dec. 19 - resigned as Deacon, Trustee and Ch. Clerk at Church. Would resign as Supt. but Wall opposed it, and no one would take the place. Bap. from S.S. 1887 - Wall J. Hoffner, Kate Solts, Walt. Oliver, Franklin Martin, Walt. Masterson. 1888 Mrs. Armstrong died Jan. 7, and I bought a lot in DeHarts Cem. for Lydia for $55. Jan. 8, Reelected Supt. of S.S. tho I declined, no one else would have the position. Jan. 10 - at Mrs. Armstrong's funeral. Ruth sang as a solo "No Night There" very nicely. Left Phila. Jan. 12 to Mt. Carbon, Pottsville on 17th, started to cut, strenous opposition from the Knights of Labor, who are on 51a R.R. Strike. They threatened to stop me cutting, but I got them in a crowd and made a speech to them and they said they would not interfere with my men. Busy planning ice, it is so snowy. Finished filling, Feb. 14th. Cost - 5020 tons in house, 112 tons in cars, 14 cents, and it cost an additonal 8 3/4 cents per ton for snow. Feb. llth - home again. Bought wardrobe from Schmidt Passyunk & Christian for $19. Ruth got mad at her teacher, Miss Gillis, and left school. She said she called her a chat, but I fixed it all up between them and repaired the breach. March 9 - Rev. E.W. Saphore resigned as Pastor of the Church. March 12 - great snow blizzard, streets blocked with snow, water very low in the river, all the heads of docks bare. No delivery of milk, no coal, no regular travel, only snow. Pastor Saphore preached his farewell sermon on March 25. Jas. S. Baker elected to succeed him. July 23 - took Annie and Gus to Gloucester to see the Wild West Show. Sept. 10 - had granite curb put in at 731 at cost of $1.60 per foot. Sept. 19 - had my chin whiskers shaved off, causing much comment, friendly and otherwise. Sick a good deal and went to see Dr. Gross, 2nd and Greenwich. Sept. 29 - 90 in Ch. at A.M. over 100 in eve. Ab. 200 and revival at School. Oct. 6 - Annie and I, Cromley and Lydia, Frank Murphy and Jim Hague took a 3-day trip to Gettysburg. Back again Tuesday. Oct. 22 - elected Deacon at Church again. Oct. 30 - Guss has the chickenpox. Nov. 11 - Sunday. 216 in S.S. In eve. Annie and I went to Wissahickon S.S. and I spoke to the people. Nov. 21 - laid new pavement, took 600 bricks. Cost, Sand, $1.25, Labor, $6, Bricks, $7.20, $14.45. Curb $25 Sewer $24, Water $15. Ruth goes to cooking school and did elegant, until the teacher made the pupils eat what they cooked. She couldn't stand everything, so she left. Dec. 25 - I gave Grace and Ruth $25 for a Xmas present, Annie $10, Maggie G. $5, Will and Eugene $2.50 each. Guss $1, all in gold. Dec. 23 - 251 in S.S. Dec. 30 - 254 present. Largest yet. Additions to Ch. from S.S. 1888 - Harry Brown & Eddie, Fannie Oliver, Ella Vautier, Grace Griffith, Lottie Pierce, Anna Fletcher, C. Gilden, Anna Hartley, Sally Lockwood, Annie Black, Ida Sigmund, Lousie Ditterman, Mattie Swigler, Emma Bastian. 15. 521889 Came in mild and warm. Therm, in 40's. Had festival at School. Over 300 present. Had marionettes, Frank Conley and lots of fun. I was presented with a rocking chair from my class. 3 Battle Pictures, Gettysberg, Monitor and Merrimac, & Winchester. Lots of shooters out. In last January went under course of treatment by Dr. Gadd for my sickness - sick on stomach, etc. But he did me no good. Feb. 9 - winter been mild and bare of snow. Took a trip to Pottsville today. Up again on llth. Began cutting on the 14th. Cut off and on until March 1, loading cars. March 3 - took up collection in Church for building fund, $131. Paid $24 for Federal St. Sewer, and $12.50 to Parker for cleaning well. March 6 - bought an Estey Organ for Mrs. Crumley - $100. March 17 - Sunday - Pastor J.S. Braker preached. About 90 out in A.M. 250 at School, 150 in eve. March 24 - 261 in S.S. April 7 - 275 present, biggest School yet. Deacons of the Church had Bruner Hoffner, Walter Oliver, E. Mass and Ray Sigmund before them for misconduct. May 1 - got marriage license, and on May 4 was married by Rev. W.W. Dalbey. Took 11:15 train and went to Washington D.C. on a little wedding tour. Reached Washington at 2:30. Went to Clinton Hotel, at Clinton and I Sts., washed, lunched, and then to the Capitol, Botannical Gardens, & Battle of Bull Run. By that time it was dark. Sunday - took a herdic, to Soldier's Home, Fort Stevens, Georgetown, Arlington, dinner. In P.M. Lincoln Park, Congressional Cementary, supper, then to Western Presby. Church. Met Cattels, and visited their home, 621 23 - N.W., at hotel 11:00 P.M. Monday - to Alexandria, Nat. Cem., our old quarters, Marshall House, Washington Church. P.M. visited White House, shook hands with President Harrison, Monument, Smithsonian, Nat. Museum. Annie's feet gave out. She weighed 112 lbs. and I 156. Tuesday - on electric cars to Eckington, Potomac Depot, Patent Office, Capitol, War Dept., Corcoran Art Gallery, Treasury, took 2/2 train, home 6 P.M. May 22 - at Post 275 G.A.R. Presented with a stand of colors by Maj. Veale - I rec'd. them for the Post. May 29 - Maggie Gerritt went home. 53June 1 - news of the awful flood at Johnstown, our Church gave $35 in a collection for that fund. July - Grace and Lizzie Masterson went to Washington on a visit. Sunday, July 21 - I tendered my resignation as Supt. of S.S. because I was dissatisfied with the general conduct of our young men. In the evening, I had a scrap with drunken engineer at the Wharf, John Donahue. Aug. 19 - had a new boiler put in the kitchen. Old one leaking. Sept. 4 - Bruner Hoffner died 7:10 P.M. Buried on the 9th. Sept. 10 - to Gettysberg with 88th to dedicate monument. Oct. 6 - Eugene entered Prickett Bus. College, 3 mos. Evening course, cost $15.75. Oct. 13 - addressed Wissahickon Bap. Ch. in the eve. Nov. 1 - Ruth is No. 1 and Guss No. 1 in their divisions. I have been sick a great deal - treated by Dr. Gadd. Will is also sick in bed. Thanksgiving - 28th, concert at Church, Guss and Blanche sang. Dec. 9 - Elsie Hoffner fell out 2nd story window at 1242 S. 10th St. last night and bruised herself very badly. Eugene is still at Dietrichs, 308 Chestnut, $6 per week. Baptized from S.S. this year: L.F. Jordan, Harry McDougall, Frank Kohland, R.B. Sigmund, Wm. B. Roberts. Ed B. Mass, And. Barker, Laura New, Violet Wampole, Lizzie Hand. 1890 Wed. Jan. 1 - came in moderate, little rain. Great ado about shooters - very many clubs out with elegant suits, tramping around in the mud. Will is at Baileys, Eugene at Dietrichs, at $6.00 a week. Great deal of sickness around called the grip. I didn't get it, but was troubled with my old complaint sick stomach. Sick on the 2nd and 3rd, and again on the 7th and 23rd. Ruth goes to Beck School. On the 10th she ate too much rice and drank too much water and it made her sick. She thought she was going to die. Jan. 13 - Guss and Grace sang a duo at Helping Hand concert. Jan. 21 - elected Secy. of Cemetery Association at Lafayette. Sick Feb. 4 & 5 - March 5, 21. Left Phila. Feb. 12 took the sleeper at N.Y. reached Hallowell on the 13th. Put up ice house and repaired the machinery. Sunday, 16th - spoke to Bap. S.S. in the A.M. At Louden Hill in P.M. and Praise Service at 7:00 P.M. Spoke at Hubbard Post G.A.R. on the 17th. 54Commenced cutting ice on the 17th, but snow stopped us until the 24th, but ran across so many stones that it was difficult to open the canal. Began in earnest on the 27th, knocked off on 28th - too warm. Sunday, 2nd - led Bap. S.S. at Hallowell and in P.M. elected Supt. of Louden Hill School as long as I stay. Began cutting ice again March 4th. Working all day and part of the nights. Finished on the 15th. 10,000 tons. Came home March 19th. Amy was born while I was away, February 16th, she has a pug nose and blue eyes. Sunday, March 23 - 65 out in A.M. Pastor Braker preached. 230 at S.S. Guss still returns thanks, saying, God Bless all the Good Things, and then mentions everyone at the table. Sick abed April 1-14-22-23-24. April 15 - at meeting of Loyal Legion in Academy in eve. Speeches by Ex Pres. Hayes, Genls. Slocum, Howard, Gregg, Miles, Devins, Porter, etc. April 24 - presented, at Post 5 Hall, with an elegant gold metal by the 88th Regimental Asso. Speeches by Genl. Beath, Capt. McCormack and Martin, Col. McLean. May 8 - Supts.of Kickerbocker Ice Co. effected an organization, and elected me President. Sick May 9-19th. Also June 9. Amy growing nicely and is a good baby. She lays in the rocking chair and watches all around her. June 8 - took Annie and the baby to Trenton. Addressed the Clinton Ave. M.E.S.S. in P.M. June 12 - took Annie and Amy to William's Roxboro, and spoke at Manalawna in eve. at Children's meeting. Amy has a little mite of a nose, big fat cheeks and but little hair. June 22-23. She was right sick. She mostly gets awake about 6:00 A.M. and Annie lugs her up to Ruth. July 17 - Ruth to Harrisburg with Dalbeys. Home August 9th. Amy goes to Eugene in preference to anybody else. Had her tintype taken at Dairy Aug. 4. Sick Aug. 5 - Sep. 2 - Oct. 26, 27 - Nov. 12-16. Aug. 17 - took up subscription in Church of $530 for painting and papering. Aug. 23 - family all to Lauderbacks at Penns Manor. 55Sunday 24 - taught a class of young Indian men at the S.S. and spoke to the School. Annie weighed 112 lbs., Amy 18 lbs., Guss 72 lbs. J.D.V. 153 lbs. Aug 25 - Guss gets up about 6 A.M. and goes riding, with the milkman, Mr. Carty. Sep. 18 - Annie and the ladies of the 88th Reg. met at Post 5 Hall to raise money to buy flags for the regiment. Raised about $130 and presented the flags on Oct. 2. Oct. 10 - Amy has first tooth, a great curiousity, and everybody wants to feel of it. Nov. 20 - gave a lecture before Post 2 on Gettysburg. Dec. 7 - opened the upstairs at the Church, newly painted and repapered. Dec. 16 - Amy can stand up by a chair and get around by herself. Rec'd. into Church from S.S. in 1890 Larus M. Hall, Katie Ries, Sadie Garton, Matt Barsby, A. Boyd, Ella Denny, Amelia Hawke, Marion Jerden, Emma Booz, Ella Gallagher, Irma Fisler, Ida Pelletreaux. 1891 Came in rainy and slushy, ruining the fancy suits of the shooters who were out in all their glory and the rain. Had a nice entertainment at the School, Smith Bros., humorus. Perry the Magician, 190 lbs. candy, etc. Will still at Baileys. Eugene at Dietrick's. Jan . 14 - Amy has the whooping cough. Jan. 18 - had a big time at S.S. The 29th was down, and Hoffner's class presented him with 2 handsome battle pictures. Jan. 20 - instituted Keystone Lodge of Penn Beneficial Order, of which I was Treasurer. It subsequently failed up, paying about 60 cents on the dollar paid in. The fate of most of the orders of the kind, just now everywhere springing up. Jan. 27 - my Mother is now staying at Mary's and Sherry's. I contribute $2 per week to her support. Charles also contributes $2. Feb. 10 - went to Lidie Morris Allen's funeral and spoke about 20 minutes in the absence of a clergyman. Feb. 17 - Amy has the mumps. On March 15 she walked across the floor alone. She has a spiteful little temper and says no, no when not suited. She will poke her fingers thru the seeinglass door of the parlor stove. June 25 - at the Zoo. Annie weighed 108 lbs. Ruth 107, Amy 22, J.D.V. 151 lbs. July 27 - Amy got her finger caught in the edges of the wringer. 56Sick Jan 13-29-30; March 11, 18; April 11-27; May l6, 21, 26; June 10, 11, 12; Aug. 9-17; Oct. 2-9-24; Nov. 19 - Dec. 9-10-28. Aug. 5 - bought Guss a Fashon Bike for $45. Aug. 19 - it has just been made public that Grace and David Simon have been married for some time. It isn't a nice way to do, but that is what her Mother and myself and her Grandmother did. She got a present from Uncle Wall, $25, some from Grandma, and $116.00 from me in furniture, viz: Bed Room set, $50.00, parlor $36.75, etc. She is moving into 1930 Mole St. Oct. 1 - Mother Vautier died at 5:00 A.M. Buried her at Passyunk on 3rd, the last internment in the cementery. Rev. Braker presided. Oct. 5 - Annie is weaning Amy by putting a feather on her breast. Took her to Felton's on the 15th, and she bit and licked all their boys. Oct. 24 - Annie and I took a trip to Gettysburg. Took Amy with us. Home on the 27th. Dec. 6 - Annie has taken her class in the S.S. again. Leaves Amy at Grandma Vollmers. Partial list of additions from the School to the Ch. Mrs. Baker, Irma Fisler, Lottis Baker, Bella Young, Tillie Schuler, Anna Belle Young, Sidney Hunt, Mary Burgess. 1892 Friday Jan. 1, advented clear and cool. Plenty shooters out. At Wharf all day. Grandma Vollmer, Will Vollmer, Hartough family, Pastor and many friends at our house today. Received present of box of oranges from Major Harkesheimer, of Jacksonville, Florida. Amy says Grace's baby squeals like a pig. She also lisps that "Charley Greenig has the grip very bad today". Amy is also "struck" on May Hoffner. Jan. 14 - at Bethany - 22nd & Bainbridge, with Post this eve. house crowded. Maj. Whittle and Mr. Stebbins present. Upon invitation of our Post I made a short address which was well received. The Major says that I should be in the same line of work that he is in. Feb. 1 - Marion and I left Phila. to N.Y., visited Central Park, obelisk, Metropolitan Museum, and nearly got left for the 4 o'clock Fall River boat for Boston. Reached Hallowell on 2nd. Opened the river on Feb. 9 - ice 12 to 14". Run till Feb. 23, when the weather getting warm, knocked off. Visited Augusta, Gardiner, Soldier's Home at Togus in a sleigh, and all along the river. Painted a sign 100 feet long for the top of the ice house. Opened again Feb. 29, finished March 5th. 57March 7 - left Hallowell 11:07 P.M. Couldn't get a sleeper and had to sleep on a seat till morning, a most uncomfortable way of resting. Reached Boston at daybreak. Visited the Back Bay, State House, Bunker Hill, Fannuel Hall, etc. Left Boston at 5:10 P.M. for Fall River, took SS. Plymouth and reached N.Y. 8 A.M. on the 9th. Visited St. Patrick's Cathedral, Statue of Liberty, Big Bridge, etc. and reached home at 4:30 P.M. At S.S. on the 13th, was welcomed by the school - back of the desk in blazing letters, "Welcome to our Supt." and I received a big basket of fruit. May 8 - Dr. Gadd vaccinated Amy. May 27 - went to N.Y. No. 22 W. 23rd St., at banquet of 9 N.Y.S.M. Elegant time I made an address in response to a toast. It cost $4.50 a plate but I was a guest. Took a sleeper at 12:15 and reached home 5 A.M. July 6 - Ruth and Ray Devine to Montandon till the 18th. I usually get up at 5 A.M. but July 25 up at 2 A.M. till 7 P.M. July 30 from 6 A.M. to near 11 P.M. Aug. 1 - up at l.30 A.M. to 7 P.M. Sick Jan. 25; Feb. 19; March 29; April 8,18,28; May 22; June 17; July 3; Sep. 9, 26; Oct. 3, 10, 11, Nov. 6; Dc. 6, 26, 18. Sept. 17 - went to Washington and Alexandria at reunion of the 88th. On 18th, I delivered an oration at the Soldier's Cemetary which was published in the local papers. Went to Arlington and put a flag on every grave, of an 88th soldier. On the 19th, visited with Cromley and wife Smithsonian, Monument, Capitol, War and Navy. On 20th, in Grand Army parade, carried 88th flag with Post 5. Great parade. 75,000 men in line. Started 9:15 A.M. and took all day to pass. Then I came home. Oct. 28 - Pastor Braker resigned at Church. Nov. 5 - Ruth, May Hoffner and myself took a trip to Gettysburg. I bought 55 lantern views from Tipton, 50 cents each, less 15%, about $24. Home on 7th. Nov. 8 - Presidental Election. Cleveland elected, a great public misfortune. I voted for Harrison. Nov. 28 - gave an exhibition before Post 5 of Gettysburg views - I got $10 for the job. Also before the Legion of Honor at 8th & Reed, same terms. Dec. 18 - Howard was born at 10 A.M. Dr. Parker in attendance, Maggie Gerritt nurse. The new boarder is a big boy with black head. Dec. 21 - Elected Commander of Advance Council No. 155, American Legion of Honor. 58Dec. 27 - had a big time at S.S. Festival. They made me a present of a (caba?) and a set of books. Partial list of additions from S.S. in 1892 - Nellie Shatter, Frank Banks, This Burgess, Elsie Harper, Addie Printz, Jenn Daniels, A. Hoguet, John Hoffner, F. Lingo. 1893 Came in very stormy with rain, on Sunday. Baby Howard is good. Sleeps most of the time. When I call Amy Amanda she says, "Don't sayme that story". On Jan 2, I was installed Commander of Advance Council. Had a nice entertainment. Guss and Blanche sang "Snibbs" and "Quaker Courtship". Jan. 5th - big storm. Stark and I left Phila. at l:35 for Maine. In N.Y. went to see the Cyclorama of Niagara Falls, then to C. H. Yatman's meeting in the Scotch Presby. Ch. on 14th St., and took midnight sleeper for Boston. Reached Hallowell on the 7th. No snow down east, no ice cutting yet. Opened ice house Jan. 9th, and on the 8th I hurt my back, lumbago or something, which nearly knocked me out. Much bad ice which we ran on the dump. Had hundreds of tons of it. Finished filling Jan. 25, and home on the 27th. When I came home, I found them cutting ice 8 to 14" all along the Schuykill and Kinkora, where they are filling the lake and the wharf, but not the Island. Plenty ice in the Delaware. Feb. 22 - Father Maag died at 5 1/2 A.M. Buried in Lafayette Cemetery on the 27th. Pall bearers, Chas. Vautier, Matt Vollmer, Jas. & Jacob Hoffner. When the will was opened, I found that I and Charley Maag were appointed Executors. March 6 - attented Genl. Supt. J.A. Hendry's funeral to Laurel Hill. I was pall bearer. Had a meeting of employees to act on Mr. Hendry's death. I was chosen chairman and resolutions were adopted and engrossed. Mar. 8 - plenty floating ice in river and snow in the streets, and it hung on for a couple of weeks yet. Apr. 3 - Guss went to Lawyer Hillman's, 7 abv. Walnut to be an office boy, etc. at $10 per month. May 9 - gave a Gettysburg exhibition before Post 19 for which I received $10. When Amy is at Grandma Vollmer's she licks all the little children in Sylvester St. that she can reach. Sick Jan. 23; Feb. 23; March 17; April 3, 17, 29; May 5, 14, 30; June 10, 28; July 15; Oct. 5, 5, 14, 31; Nov. 20, 29, 30; Dec. 10, 25. May 27 - Rv. H.B. Harper, Pastor elect, presided at Prayer meeting. June 15 - to a full house gave an exhibition to our S.S. at the Church. 59Aug. 22 - up and down to Wharf to see a hurt horse at 1 A.M. Sept. 6 - Howard can pull himself up aside of a chair. He has a topknot that hangs over his head like a rooster's tail. He isn't a good baby as Amy was at his age. Oct. 2 - Ruth went to learn dressmaking. I gave her $8 to pay her tuition. Oct. 12 - Guss sang at a concert for Pop Hances benefit. Oct. 25 - Annie hired Annie Hart, a Delaware girl, for $2.50 a week. Howard delights to get in the closet and chuck all the tin ware out back of him. He can walk 3 or 4 steps himself. Nov. 29 - got a heavy cold painting the Church fence, knocked out for two days. Nov. 20 - went with Detective Gentner and Constable McCormick of Camden, to Evergreen Cemetery in Camden, and arrested Alex Russell for embezzling the funds of Lafayette Cementery while he was our Supt. The case was subsequently settled by Russell paying us $300 and we withdrew the charges. Thanksgiving - Nov. 30 - had a family gathering at the turkey roast today: Will, Eugene, Guss, Grace, Dave, little Ruth, Big Ruth, Grandma Vollmer, Amy, Howard, Annie, J.D.V., Annie Hart & May Hoffner. Dec. 15 - routed out of bed to go to the Wharf - our watchman Stephen Reynolds, was skylarking with my rifle and accidently killed a young fellow named Henry. Reynolds finally got cleared, but I had a hard time getting my rifle back. Dec. 18 - Howard is a year old, and walks around everywhere. Dec. 28 - had a festival at School, 147 lbs. candy. Gave Pastor Harper $25 in gold. Partial list of additions to Ch. from S.S. C. Blackburn, F. Bihn. 1894 Came in clear and crisp; plenty of shooters, and dead loads of company at our house. Had 20 for dinner and 15 for supper. Dec. last began cold but ended moderate. No snow on the ground. In Dec. was elected Chaplain of Post 5. I have for the past three months been very busy preparing the 88th Regiment's history for publication. Feb. 25 - the center table lamp melted the overhead gas bracket off and Annie, Ruth and Dr. Meenah had a lively and interesting time in trying to turn the gas off. March 1 - organized a boy's Brigade at our S.S. with 22 boys. Receive two elegant books on Gettysburg from Gov. Patterson. Also set from Senator Geo. Handy Smith. Also set from Secy of State and set from 60Representative. Gave one set to Hoffner, one to Stark, 1 to Capt. Hussey of N.Y. Sick Jan. 9, 10, 27; Feb. 18; March 7, 17; April 5, 15; July 16, 24; Aug. 6, 20; Sep. 10, 16; Oct. I, Nov. 6, 18, 30; Dec. 31. May 7 and 8th went with Stark, etc., to John F. Wildey's funeral, buried near Somers Point, N.J. May 18 - went to Trinty M.E. Ch., Chester, to lecture on Gettysburg exhibition for Mr. Hall but rain prevented it. Guss afterwards took it through. Sat. July 18 - very busy at wharf and I was tied there from 6:30 A.M. to 9:30 P.M. without a bite to eat. Aug. 5 - Annie and the children have been at Louderbacks, Penns Manor, for several days. Today I went after them. Went to the Union S.S. taught a class and addressed the School. Sept. 17 - had a meeting of the Supts. of our Co. to act on President's (A. Hunt) death. I was chosen chairman. Adopted resolutions, and attended funeral in a body - 1,000 employees - in a driving rain. Buried in Laurel Hill. Had resolutions engrossed for $50.00 in album form. Sunday, Sept. 23 - after dinner I slept too long at Maags, and was a little late to School. This is the second time I have been late since 1874. Sept. 26 - received the first installment of 200 books from J.B. Lippincott & Co. of the History of the 88th Pa. Regiment. This book has cost me years of labor and the total cost of publication, including postage, etc. was over $1,000 for 500 copies. The boys of the regiment were delighted with the book. Oct. 20 - took a trip with Stark to Gettysburg - home on the 22nd. Oct. 24 - great parade unveiling McClellan's statue at City Hall. I was an aide to Gen. Mulholland, in the Veteran Division. I rode a big bay horse. Oct. 29 - gave a Gettysburg Exhibition before the P.R.R.Y.M.C.A. 41st & Westminister - good house - good show - and I paid my own expenses, car fare etc. Nov. 26 - Amy came by the Baby Hospital and called it the "Hoss Baby Spittal". Nov. 27 - Commander in Chief Lawler at our Post G.A.R. Dec. 1 - Howard don't talk yet. Tries to say "good-bye" and "no". He is very mischievous. Bumps his head against the floor and pulls it off again. Taking medicine from Dr. Parker for several months back. Dec. 6 - had a big, black-haired boy born at 6 A.M. Guss went for Maggie Gerritt at 4:30 and I went for Dr. Parker. Called him John Warren 61Vautier. The baby is pretty good, sleeping most of the time. Howard gets awake about 5 every A.M. and there is no sleeping after that. He is hard to get to sleep and easy to get awake. Dec. 27 - big storm, snow, rain and sleet. The Business men's arches and many big telegraph poles along Front Street broken square off. There were not many additions from S.S. to the Ch. this past year. I recall David Hoffner and Frank Bailey. 1895 Tuesday, Jan. 1, came cold and clear. Therm. 17 to 24. Great rivalry among the shooters for the cash prizes offered by business men, etc. Jan. 2 - presented by the Legion of Honor with an elegant gold chain charm. Warren isn't much bother. Howard is as mischievous as ever. Amy don't trouble anyone. Jan. 4 - Ruth sick. Called in Dr. Campbell. Jan. 8 - Left Phila. for Maine with Sam Stark. Went to N.Y. - Eden Musee, but I was too sick to enjoy it much. Reached Boston on 9th, Hallowell at 7 P.M. After we reached Hallowell, the weather moderated, and we started runing in on the 21st. Knocked off, too warm, on the 23rd. Began again on the 25th, and finished all up Sat. nite, Feb. 2. Nearly 19,000 tons. Ice cost in wages etc. ab. $3,325. While in Hallowell I called on Gen. Tilden, Secy. of Hallowell Granite Company, who used to command our brigade in the War. Left Hallowell Feb. 6. At Boston visited Public Library, Museum, etc. At N.Y., to Elevated R.R., Metropolitan Museum, etc., then home, sick. Howard don't talk much yet, says two or three short words. Warren is a big fat baby and is right good. River is full of floating ice. They are cutting about the 10th or llth, and cut till 20th. Sunday, Feb. 24 - ab. 75 in Ch. in A.M. Pastor Harper preached, 220 at S.S. 130 in eve. service. Plenty of ice and snow in the streets and river till March 1. A little left on the shady side of the streets on March 24. Sunday, March 3 - 302 at S.S. March 9 - Howard don't talk much yet. We call him Peck's Bad Boy. April 26 - Howard speaks a few words, such as Penny, Willie, Look, No, Papa, Mama, Rufe, etc. April 28 - have a colored girl to help Annie now, Nettie Polk. Guss gets $15 per month now. Sunday, May 5 - took Howard to S.S. for the first time. He is talking a little more now. 62Sick Jan. 1, 8, 9, 17; Mar. 12, 24, 25, 26; Apr. 1, 7, 20; May 12. 29, 30; June 15; July 13, 21; Aug. 3, 24, 30; Sep. 25; Oct. 13. 16, 19, 20, 23, 25, 27; Nov. 3, 17, 18. Sunday, May 19 - about 85 at Ch. in A.M. 135 in Eve. and over 200 in S.S. June 16, 235 at S.S. May 28 - bought an oak wardrobe at Schmidts, Pass. & Christian, for boy's room for $11.00. Howard still slow talking, says "Yesh" "No" and other short words. June 9 - Amy weighed 41 lbs. Warren a good baby. Howard is an awful bad scamp, is in all kinds of mischief. If his Mother goes out of his sight, he cries and says "can't find". July 18 - all at the Zoo. Amy weighed 41 lbs. Howard 32, Warren 22. July 21 - at S.S. took up a collection for Improvement Fund of the Ch. $188.51. Warren can sit alone. The neighbors are up in arms against Howard. He upsets their ash barrels, pulls bells, and all kinds of pranks. He sings out loud in S.S. much to the amusement of the scholars. He rolls all over the pavement and gets very dirty. Warren always cries after Ruth. I ask Amy what she does all day. "Helping Mama" she says. Sept. 20 - Amy goes to school, she says they have a recess afterawhile and before afterawhile they have another recess. She goes to 5th & Washington. Warren tries to walk. Undergoing treatment from Dr. Horwitz, 1115 Walnut St. for Bladder trouble. Oct. 17 - Warren can walk from chair to chair. If he gets awake in bed and I try to quiet him, he gets as mad as a hornet, and fights like a tiger. Only his Mother can satisfy him. He says - Mam - come - doors, for Mama come out-doors. Amy tries hard to spell. She spells top - pot and pot - top, but gets it O.K. when we laugh at her. Dec. 1 - 232 in S.S. Dec. 8 - 250 present. Dec. 15 - 319 Dec. 23 - 336, the largest yet. There were not many baptized into the Church this year – I remember Bertha Kalk and Clara Candler. 1896 Wed. Jan. 1 - came in clear. Therm, in 30's. Not many shooters out. Sunday 5 - took collection in S.S. for Pastors's salary, $42.09. Jan. 7 - Howard has the chichken pox. Amy tells it the turkey pox. Amy has it too. Warren got it on the 20th. 63Feb. 1 - Amy has the measles. Warren had'em March 4th, Howard the 5th. Feb. 28 - Wm. Maag died. Mar. 1 - Amy weighed 47 lbs. Howard 35. Mar. 3 - at 1:30 - Annie, Grace and I went to Uncle John Gamphers funeral, then to Wm. Maag's funeral. Mr. Dalbey spoke. Buried at Mt. Vernon. In the evening, the Veteran 88th Regiment Asso. came to my house, and presented me with an elegent china dinner service of 124 pieces. I had the rooms handsomely decorated with flags, drums, rifles, etc. Had singing by the choir and speeches by Gen. Wagner, Col McLean, Col. Bath, Capp. Martin, etc. Ice Cream and refreshments and everything. Everyone well pleased, especially Annie and I. Mar. 17 - paraded with Post 5 in the St. Patrick's Day Parade, to raise flags at St. Theresa's and St. Charles schools. We led the line but the rabble that followed was a hard lot of micks. Sick Jan. 5-6-12; Feb. 7-19; Mar. 22-24; May 11, 12-18-25; June 1-6; Aug. 3-18-27-28-29-30; Oct. 3-4-5-18; Nov. 13- Dec. 2-20-21. March 21 - Warren likes to get in the cupboard and get all the pans out. A big iron pot is his favorite, and I had to take boy and pot both on my lap before he was satisfied. April 18 - Amy has the black French measles. Howard ditto on the 30th, Warren on May 11. May 25 - came home sick, and was in bed and home until June 1st. June 3 - Warren tries hard to talk, but can't articulate much yet. July 6 - Howard has the whooping cough. Warren weighs 30 lbs., Amy 49 lbs. Warren has the whooping cough, July 24th. Aug. 8 - Howard has his first pants but don't take kindly to them. Aug. 10 - Gus, Ruth and Milly went to Gettysburg for a week. Sept. 26 - got a pass from Coucilman Noble and Annie, Stark and I took the 8:35 for Gettysburg - there at 2:30 - got a carriage from McClure for $2 and visited first day's field, then to Bloody Angle, Nat. Cem., Meade's Hdqrs. etc. In eve to camp fire of 6 Pa. Cav. at Court House. Maj. Robbins, 4 Ala., & others spoke. Sunday, A.M. 27 - got a carriage and went out to Emmitsburg Road, to Peach Orchard, then to Rebel Line, Big Round Top, Loop, Thoostles, Wright Ave., Little Round Top, Bloody Angle, Cemetery, home. In the P.M. went to S.S. at College Ch., in evening to Lutheran Ch. of St. James. 64Monday - A.M. - to Gulps Hill, at 10:30 to Pen Mar, on the line between Pa. and Maryland, on the mountains, a most beautiful view - back to Gettysburg, on the trolleys around the battlefield. Left Gettysburg at 6:40 A.M. over the mountains to Harrisburg, visited the Capitol, then to Reading, got dinner and walked round a bit, and then home. Oct. 20 - Warren talks a little - says Mama and Papa, etc. He is a good little boy, but Howard leads him into a lot of mischief. Oct. 24 - went to War Veterans meeting at the Academy, and heard Genls. Sickles, Howard, Stewart, Horace Porter, Alger, Copr. Tanner, Col. Beath and others speak - big meeting, all for McKinley. Oct. 29 - Annie had the Ladies Aid of the 88th Reg. at our house in the evening. About 18 present. War songs. Ice Cream and cake, etc. Mon., Nov 6- I went to Evangelical Union services in the evening, at S. Broad Bap. Ch. After I came home, word came that Grace had been burned. I went down to her house and found her swathed in bandages and shockingly burned. She had gone down the cellar with a lighted oil lamp in her hand, while little Ruth stood at the top of the steps, leaving Dave asleep on the lounge, and Mrs. Simon waiting to go home. In some way, she stumbled and fell, and the lamp breaking, the burning oil burned her horribly, even her undershirt being burned. Dr. Cooke did the best he could for her. Ruth came down presently, and we went home together. Tuesday morning Annie went down and sent little Ruth up to our house. Annie stayed with Grace, nursed her, dressed her hurts, washed her, cleaned the matter off her raw flesh, and did everything she could to help and alleviate her pains, until she died. Maggie Gerritt, Aunt Main, and Will were there almost all the time. She lingered until 1 A.M. Tuesday, the 17th, when she died in Annie's arms. Will was also there till the last. She bore all her sufferings uncomplainingly, and before she died she said it was the happiest day of her life - that she was ready to go, and so she passed away. On Thursday we buried her from Passyunk Church, from her home 1742 Wolf Street. Pastor Harper and Rev. Dalbey officiated. Ella Vautier sang as a solo, "Sweet Eden Land". The Choir also sang. The Pall Bearers were L. Dillon, W. Corbitt, Dr. Gilden and Mr. Paul. There was a jam at the Church, man couldn't even get to the door. We put her poor body in my lot at Lafayette. Opened No. 4 grave, put the bodies of Lucy and Paul down lower and Grace on top of them. Earth to earth, Dust to Dust, Ashes to ashes, rest in peace. In all her sufferings, Annie stood nobly by her and did all that her Mother could do for her. Nov. 21 - Warren can talk some - says Rufe, May, Amy, etc. He is good, a big eater, and fat as a pig. Ruth has Grace's bedroom set - the one I gave her - it was Grace's dying wish that she have it. 65Dec. 13 - Annie brought Warren to S.S., but he is so bashful that he wouldn't stay in when the girls could look at him. 298 in School. Baptisms in Ch. from S.S. in 1896 - Alice King, Mabel Kellogg, Emma Hoffner, Jennie Cromley, Guss Vautier, Anna Dahl, A. Hoguet, C. Roland, C. Cole, Mrs. Cassidy, Millie Toms, Elsie Hoffner, Willie Dick, Maggie Alien, Katie Ingham. 18. 1897 Friday, Jan. 1st came in clear and cold. Therm, at 30. Little snow on shady side of the street. Plenty shooters out. Had a Festival at School, 200 lbs. candy, etc. and a big time. Howard calls the Shooters "happy New Years", and is afraid of them a bit. Amy is scary too. I took Amy's desk away from her for punching holes in my Derby hat, but gave it to her next day. Jan. 10 - 268 at School. Feb. 14 - 275. Mch. 7 - 275. Jan. 25 - went to Lake Struble, Andover, NJ to cut ice. John Clark with me. Began cutting Jan. 27 - ice 9 to 12". An old ice house, and antiquated machinery, but had good runs. On Feb. 2 I had a chill in P.M. on the Lake. Came home Feb. 12. Back to Struble on the 15th, on Sat. 20 - snow sleet and rain but ran till midnight. Home on the 23rd, back to Andover the 25th. On Sunday 28, went to M.E.S.S. & Ch., got a chill before 7 A.M. on March 1 on the ice - finished the house on March 2 and shpt 301 cars, 7125 tons. House holds ab. 10,000 tons. Sick Jan. 24; Feb. 2, 3, 28, 28; March 1, 27; April 30; May 1,2; July 1, 12, 19; Aug. 4; Sept. 3, 16, 17; Oct. 5, 16, 24; Nov. 13, 14, 15, 26. Reached home March 5. Warren is growing and talks - says his name War-tier. When crossed, he says "papa-O", meaning tell papa on you. If the children will say, "I'll cry" he will give them anything he has. Howard sails on the other tack - will give a kick and a slap before a kisss anytime. Sometimes Amy turns on him and gives him a pounding. They all go to S.S. with me, and Howard and Warren are so bad that I have to part them. On June 13, Warren was straddling the benches and fell between the ends, head down and feet sticking up, and I had to pull him up by the legs to the merriment of the girls. Amy returns thanks at the table in a very nice way. July 25 - Annie and the tribe to Penns Manor since the 23rd, - I went after them and went to Union S.S. and taught a class of 10 Indian young men. Sept. 23 - Amy is 3' 10-1/2" high, Howard 3' 5", Warren 3 ft. Oct. 14 - fire in stable next door to St. Phillip's Church, which communicated to the Church, badly damaging it by fire and water. I went into the Church and helped carry out some of the altar furnishings. 66Friday, Oct. 15-I left Annie at noon sitting in a chair upstairs, and when I came home, she had a little red-faced, blacked-haired girl boarder that was born at 5 P.M. Dr. Parker and Nurse Gillespie on hand and everything in good shape. Annie very weak and feeling badly, but she got along as well as could be expected for a week or more, then about the 23rd she got so weak we thought she would die of exhaustion. On the 24th was better, but had a chill in P.M. and the next day had a fever. The baby sleeps most of the time and isn't much trouble. Mrs. Gillespie is a skilled nurse and waits on her faithfully. On 27th, called Dr. Betts for consultation. In that evening I went - by a previous appointment - to the 2nd Regt. Armory, and delivered an address, "With Grant in the Wilderness" before survivors asso. of the 90th P.V. About 100 old soldiers present. After I spoke I excused myself and came home. Oct. 28 - Annie no improvement, tho she rests easy and apparently suffers no pain. Everynight before the children go to bed they go in and kiss her goodnight. She puts her arms around them, or on their heads, and kisses each one - Amy, Howard and Warren. Oct. 29 - no change. Oct. 30 - May Hoffner came to the wharf this A.M. and said Dr. Parker gave Annie up; had done all he could for her. I came home with May, but couldn't see much change in her. She had an awful pain in her neck, and couldn't move her head. She said she was going to get well. Oct. 31 - Dr. Betts and Parker had another consultation today, but Annie seemed better. On Nov. 1, she improved somewhat, and continued to improve somewhat until the 14th when she had a fever and chill that threw her back again. On the 16th she had another chill, but then improved somewhat. On Dec. 2, Nurse Gillespie left, on account of sickness in her own family. I paid her $54 for 8 weeks services. Belle Chamberlain came to nurse Annie. Maggie Gerritt took the baby down to Grandmother Maag's to care for it until Annie gets well. Annie is getting worse. Appears to be paralyzed in neck – her feet are swelling, dropsical - she seems to be getting Bright's Disease. On Dec. 4, 5, 6 she did not improve any, but rather worse. She don't eat much but raw oysters. I go to Wright's Oyster House and get her a plate of raws, then season them well, and she relishes the vinegar, etc. But her lips are so sore with fever blisters that the seasoning smarts her. On Tuesday, Dec. 7, I went to Wally Hoffner's baby's funeral, and she got worse in the P.M. Belle thought she was dying - her feet got cold - but she revived. In the evening, her limbs began to get cold, but she was conscious, tho weak, but about 10 o'clock, when I went down stairs a 67moment, she asked for me. I went up and leaned over her - she was very weak, could only speak in a whisper. She said that she was going to leave me, that she did not want to go, but God knew best and she was ready and willing to do what He thought best. She said be good to her children. She felt sorry for the baby. She felt sorry that the burden would fall on Ruth. I asked her if she had pain. She said no. I asked her if she was afraid to die, and she replied that she was not. She didn't want to leave me, we had lived so nicely together, but God knew best and she was willing to let herself in His hands. This was about 10 o'clock or after, and she soon lost consciousness. We were all in the room, but I insisted that Belle and Ruth should go to Ruth's room and rest - Annie was now beyond human help - and Will, Guss and I watched, keeping her hand in mine all the time. She was very quiet, but getting weaker until the end came 2:30 A.M. of December 8th, Wednesday, when she passed over the river and thru the Valley and Shadow of Death without a struggle. I called Ruth and Belle and she breathed her life out as they came in, Howard happened to be up and I carried him down and showed him his Mother, but he cannot understand. So she has gone. Dear Heart. Her life was a continual sacrifice for the comfort of those she loved. She never complained, always willing, always cheerful. We never had a cross look, much less a cross word between us and no one knows how much I have lost. She knew how I appreciated her and that made the parting so hard. After she died, I laid down, but couldn't sleep. In the morning, I went to Mr. Bowen the Undertaker, then to the Wharf and wrote some letters and then came home so sick that I couldn't hold my head up. I never felt so bad in my life and didn't get out of bed until Thursday morning. On Thursday, very many friends called to express their sympathy, for all which I felt grateful. Alice Snyder came today to help Ruth, who bears up better than I do. The children don't begin to realize their loss, and Warren wants to know when "Mama will wake up". God help us, she will never wake in this world to greet her children again. I took the little boys down to the Wharf in the morning, and in the P.M. went to the Cemetery to have the grave dug. I had Ceil's body put lower, so when I die there would be room on top of Annie for me. At night, Howard was very restless on account of his vaccination. On Friday, I took Howard and Warren to the Wharf again, then to the Cemetery. 68A great many friends called at the house to extend their sympathies and many came by mail, all of which was consoling, but after all is said and done, she still rests in the ice box. On Saturday, Dec. 11, we buried her. I made the mistake in having services at the house; there were so many people present that they all could not get in. I asked the undertaker how many chairs I had best get. He said 50 was a good many generally, but he brought 75, and that was insufficient. I should have taken her to the Olivet, or some near church, where we could have all have gotten in. Rev. W.W. Dalbey preached an elegent funeral sermon, assisted by Rev. Harper of Passyunk. Before the sermon, I took the children down, and holding them up, gave them a last, long look at their Mother. The sermon was all that could be desired for such an occassion. I had advertised "no flowers", but the 88th Ladies Aid sent their corps mark wreath, and we had some flowers of our own. The interment was private, but I suppose 100 close relatives went to the Cemetery. The Pall Bearers were David Kelley, Samuel C. Stark, Henry Ingham, Wm. Paul, Wm. F. Smith, and Jos. G. Ward - representing the ice company, Church, and Cemetery Socy. Had about 15 or 20 at Tea after the funeral, including Dalbey, Hoffner and wife, Mother Maag, Miss Ward, Devines, Belle Chamberlain, Eugene, Dave Simon, and my own family. Maggie Gerritt has the baby down home and cares for it like a Mother. We called her Alice at Annie's request. She is a puny little thing, badly ruptured, but by careful nursing, Maggie brought her around all right. She weighed 7 lbs., clothes and all. On Sunday, Dec. 12 - I went to School and Church, but got Mr. Lovewell to conduct the session, I didn't feel able for the task. Left Howard home, because of his vaccination. There were 180 at School. The boys wake early, about 5 every morning, and I have a hard time to keep in bed. I try to dress them, but get their clothes on most every way but the right way. Dec. 19 - 212 in S. School. Dec. 20 - Sam Felton at our house. May sent me a $10 gold piece for Xmas. God bless her. I gave it to Ruth. Dec. 24 - Ruth and I trimmed our tree in my bedroom, all the kids are asleep in the 3rd story. On Xmas A.M. Ruth dressed the children and after breakfast brought them up to see the tree and their presents. Dec. 31-I came home so sick that I had to send Will down to manage the Festival. 1898 69At School, had the Festival on Friday night, but I was so sick that I couldn't get down. I sent Will down to manage it. Had 140 lbs. candy from Meyer, @ 16Ë. They sent me a pretty mantle clock from the Teachers. Sat. Jan. 1 - no snow on ground. Right cold - not many shooters out. Sunday, Jan. 2 - cold. Therm. 16. Took the kids to S.S. Only 161 present. At Teachers and Officers meeting after school, I was unanimously reelected Supt. Jan. 3 - paid $6.03, first premiun on Ruth's life insurance policy, 20 yr. endownment. Howard went to school for the first at 5th & Washington Ave. He is 6 years old in school, but only 5 at home - He is such a scamp at home that Ruth was glad to get shed of him. She put Warren in pants on the 6th. Jan. 9 - 182 at School. Jan. 12 - Warren fell off sofa, and broke his left arm, both bones below the elbow. Dr. Alcott bound it up, and Warren never fliched once. On 16 - at S.S. had an elegant after meeting, about 20 young people rose for prayers. Good feeling manifested. Feb. 10 - Dr. took Warren's arm out of sling. Feb. 22 - saw President McKinley at Academy of Music. Feb. 27 - 183 at S.S. Mar. 13 - 190 in S.S. After School, Deacon Braker called a meeting of officers of the School and Church to promote "harmony between the Church and School". At this meeting were present Pastor Harper, all the Trustees, Deacons, Ch. Clerk and about ½ doz. Teachers, or so. (Sick Jan. 1, 5, 26; Feb. 9, 24; March 14; Apr. 2, 3, 16,17; May 8, 9, 15, 16, 17; June 28, 29; July 18; Aug. 15; Sept. 2, 16; Oct. 2, 3, 19, 26; Nov. 2, 24; Dec. 11, 19.) Pastor Harper took the floor and violently condemned my management of the School, saying it wasn't a Baptist School etc. They offered and passed a resolution censuring my administration, and ousting Guss as Treasurer, because he was a minor. I didn't have a friend present, but Ella Vautier and Mary DeHart - but when they saw what was on the program they skipped. I tried to shame them for bringing discord in the school, but they wouldn't be shamed, and I quickly resolved that I wouldn't be a party to a fight, and that I would get out. It worried me a good deal, but my path seemed clear and I made up my mind what to do. 70On Sunday, March 20, I called the Teachers and Officers together after School and offered my resignation. The Deacons and Trustees of the Church were present - but I ruled the Trustees and Clerk from voting. I should have ruled the Deacons off too, but I didn't. The vote stood ten to accept - Braker, Cromley, Ingham, the Deacons, - Mr. & Mrs. Ellis, Cassady, Hoguet, Julia Braker, Kate Ingham, Graham, as near as I can remember. Against - 13 - Ella, Sally, Will, Guss Vautier, Mrs. Hoffner, Wilkinson, Paul, Kirkpatrick, DeHart, Kalck, Clara Candler, etc. I said I could not be Supt. of a divided school, and should insist on my resignation. The vote on Guss's resignation was 11 to accept, and 10 against. I didn't vote in my case. March 27 - at Calvary Ch. in A.M. Last Service in their old Church. Rev. Sullivan spoke. In P.M. to Passyunk. About 180 out. I delivered my farewell address to the School, after a continous service as Supt. since March 1875. I wished to say just so much, and had written my address, which wasn't very long. I spoke slowly and calmly, many of the scholars and teachers were in tears, - two or three, Orrin Lockwood for one, were disposed to laugh. The last piece sung was "When the mists have rolled away". April 3 - sick in bed all day. Our S.S. sent me up a magnificent collection of American Beauty Roses, in a handsome vase, and the Ladies Aid sent me a handsome umbrella. Very busy in the evening on Cemetery books. Sun April 10 - to Olivet Ch. in A.M., and to Snyder Ave. S.S. in P.M. with the chicks. I am told at Passyunk about half the teachers and scholars have left. Howard can sing the first verse of "America" very nicely. Sun. - April, 17 - to S. Broad S.S. about 300 present. April 21 - to Wissahickon Bap. Ch. and spoke at the Memorial service of Sammy Jones. Sun. 24 - At S. Broad A.M. Took children to Olivet S.S. in P.M. About 300 present but a noisy school. The war with Spain is on and everybody is talking about going. If my family conditions would allow. I would have a share of it myself. May 1, Sunday - to Pilgrim Ch. in A.M. Ella Vautier and I sang. I led the men's meeting. They are strong for us to come out there. Offered Sara $75 per annum to come play their organ. About 75 at Ch. Preaching by Pastor Parrish. In P.M. to S. Broad, and gathered a class for the afternoon. But there appeared to be some opposition to my coming there, from the Clarks, Shetzlines, etc. and I dropped out. 71I took Howard home a nice strong cord. He put it on the gas stove to make a swing, and pulled the gas stove over and smashed it. May 6 - filling the S.S. Illinois with 300 tons of ice. Went down after supper and one of our men, E. O'Donnell, was drunk. I discharged him, and he followed me around,seeking a quarrel, at last I went for him and knocked him down. For this he had me arrested and taken before Magistrate Smith, who finally discharged me. Sun. May 15 - went to S.S. Swanson & Snyder Ave. with the children. May 20 - took a month's treatment of Cann's Kidney cure, for $5.50. It didn't do me any appreciable good. Sun. May 22 - at Calvary in A.M. and at S.S. 317 present. May 27 - Reger putting in underdrain for $45. Sunday 29 - in A.M. to Old Swedes Ch. In P.M. to Pilgrim S.S. 64 present. To All Saints in night with Post. llth & Fitzwater. May 30th - with Post 5 to Mt. Moriah Cem. Sunday - June 5 - at Calvary, and formed a class at S.S. with 7 scholars. On June 8 I bought a little diamind stud from Simon a pedler, for $6.50. He wanted $12 for it. It's worth about $8, so Metzner says. June 14 - At flag raising at K Depot, 47 & Girard. Made a prayer and a speech, and then joined the family at Lemon Hill. July 4 - big time celebrating Dewey's victory at Manilla Bay and Sampson's at Santiago. July 17 - Sunday - Guss, Howard and I went to Yeadon to Jim Hoffners. Spoke at Yeadon S.S. Had an elegant ride around the country. In eve. came to Asbury M.E. Church, and put the evening in there, speaking to the people. A couple of 100 present. July 19 - Ruth took Howard, Warren and Ruth Simon down to Dillon's at Natl. Park on the Delaware. It rained and they had to stay there all night. Amy is spending her vacation in Trenton. They are laying track and repaving along Federal St., and everything is dirt, dirt. Aug. and Sept. - Howard and then Warren had an eruption all over their bodies, which lasted for a couple of weeks. Dr. Rhoads says its eczema. Sunday, Sep 18 - Guss and I rec'd. the right hand of fellowship in Calvary Church. Rev. Sullivan spoke nicely in giving the welcome. Sept. 27 - Howard can spell cat and rat. 72Sept. 29 - 88th Reg. had reunion at Strawberry Mansion, 35 comrades and as many ladies present. Addresses by Genl. Wagner, Beath, Carmack, Vautier, etc. Oct. 6 - the Knickerbocker Ice Co. chose me as marshal of our display in the Peace Jubilee. I called the Supts. together and gave them all something to do, and they very heartily cooperated with me. Began slot gas meter this day. Oct. 25 - beginning of Jubilee Parade, by a great Naval demonstration in the Delaware River, War ships, steamboats, tugs, etc. galore, and crowds on crowds of people along the wharves. On Wed. the 26th, it was to be our day, but it rained hard all day. I was sick in bed, but would have gone out anyhow. On Thursday, Oct. 27th, the military had a fine display, about 5,000 men in line, troops vols and regulars, from all over the country. Mass, R.I., West Va., N.Y., Pa., N.J., Missouri, Ohio, Minn., Mich., etc. the G.A.R. bringing up the rear. I didn't turn out. Friday, 28th - the Civies turned out. I formed the parade of our company at llth & Spring Garden Sts., then to Lehigh Ave. We led the last division. Had our own band in a wagon, and the 20th Regiment Band at the head of the division. At 2 1/4 P.M. we pulled into Broad St. and had an ovation all down the street to Jackson St. I never saw so many people in my life. Millions of em. I had 50 horsemen, 48 drivers, 9 ice wagons, 4 coal wagons, 6 floats, etc. Dave Kelley, mounted, carried the 88th silk flag. Reasner a handsome banner. Our horse, etc., was of the finest, and our company officers gave me great praise. I was on horseback from 9:30 A.M. to 5 P.M. It was a big thing. Tuesdays, Dec. 13 - Ruth went shopping, leaving the boys home with maid, Alice Snyder. They were both sick upstairs, with the gas stove in my room burning. Presently, Alice detected gas, and going up stairs found the gas stove not burning, but turned on, and gas escaping and the boys gone. One closet had a chair against the door and she didn't look in that, but she looked under the beds, in all the other closets, and in all the rooms upstairs and downstairs, but no boys. She thought they had run out of the house, and she went all thtough the neighborhood, but couldn't find them. Then some of the neighbors came in and they searched the house from top to bottom, and finally located the boys in the closet in my room that had the chair against the door. There they sat, grinning at each other. They had poor Alice nearly crazy. 1898 73Christmas - trimmed a tree in my bedroom. It cost me about $30, mostly in cash, for presents. Children enjoyed themselves immensely. Ruth Simon at home. 1899 Came in with a snow storm last night. Several inches on the ground this Sunday morning. Grace Hartough down from Trenton. Warren is feverish and not well. Monday - 2nd - not many shooters out. The children enjoyed the shooter's antics very much, but Warren couldn't go out of his room. Sunday, Jan. 15 - 353 at S.S. Said to be the biggest school yet. Mary Fitzpatrick died at Hoffners, 9 P.M. Warren downstairs for the first. Jan. 18 - measurements; Father 5' 7-1/4"; Guss, 5' 8"; Ruth, 5' 3"; Amy - 4" 6"; Howard 3' 8-1/2"; Warren, 3' 4". Mary Fitzpatrick was buried January 19, from Mother Maag's. Mass at Epiphany, sermon by Father Barry; quite a number of Mary's friends present. Warren imposes on Ruth to get nursed. He has the headache, to demand attention. Jan. 27 - made an address before the S. Broad St. Presby Church C.E. meeting. About 100 present. Rev. J.P. ?uffy pastor. Nevin also spoke. Feb. 3 - unanimously elected deacon at the Calvary Church, somewhat to my surprise. My name was presented by the officers of the church and confirmed without opposition. Down home. Baby Alice walks alone and is growing very nicely. Feb. 7 - presented with a gold chain by Mr. Shor, of the firm of Chas. Seltzer & Co., Coal Dealers. Getting ready to cut ice at Kinkora, On Feb. 10th, the field down. Feb. 11 - began to snow at 9 P.M. and snowed all day Sunday, the 12th. After S.S. I went to Passyunk, the first visit since I left on March 27th of last year. Had a royal reception from the scholars, etc. Some laughed and some cried. I spoke and sang for them. 108 present, largest attendance for some time. Sunday Feb. 12 - left Phila. in a snow storm, and went to Kinkora. Reached there at midnight, and went to Uncle Jake Hoffner's, at Florence. On Monday, A.M. managed to get to the ice house, but it snowed all day. 74On Tuesday, we tackled the snow, from 6 to 36" on the ice. No trains running. Tuesday night, had trouble with my water apparatus, and had to take 6 o'clock train home. Got relieved, and back on the next train. Began cutting to noon, in 3 rooms. Rain Sat. night, but the weather got soft and the ice wasn't much. Got about 6,000 tons in. Feb. 26 - 230 at Calvary. March 5 - 0ver 300 out. Sick Jan. 9 - March 2, 3, 8, 26; April 1, 3, 18, 23, 30; May 21; June 4; July 23; Aug. 5, 19, 21; Sept. 3, 11, 12; Oct. 22; Nov. 10; Dec. 1, 8, 17, 24, 31. Tuesday, Mar. 28 - Warren at night always wants the sojers, a china group of Montgomery's deah, or the gurl, a bisgue figure, to hug, before he will go to sleep. Mar. 29 - Pall Bearer at Mrs. Jas. ?. Gillen's funeral, at St. Patricks, 20th & Spruce. Mar. 30 - signed a mortgage of $1,500 on the 10th St. property, for 3 years. April 1 - Uncle Wall gave Ruth his piano, and it came home. April 14 - Friday. Pall Bearer at Maggie Yates Shisler's funeral at W. Laurel Hill. Monday, May 1 - took charge at 9th & Washington Ave., Mr. Lyons succeeding me at Catherine St. Had front of house painted by John Eberle, $16. Tuesday eve May 16 - gave an exhibition at Calvary for the Inant School, but the operator of the lantern was drunk and made a botch of it. It was rainy but good attendance. Repeated June 15 with better results. Thursday, 18 - this P.M. a delegation from the employees visited me (from 13) and presented me with a beautiful picture, "Breaking Home Hies". A pleasant surprise for me, and greatly appreciated. On the 22, Warren had a toothache, and Clara Horton took him to the dentist and had 2 teeth pulled. He had a fierce fight with the dentist. May 28 – Sang "Brave Boys" at Calvary Church before DuPont Post. Went out with Post 5 to Mt. Moriah and made a prayer at Betsy Ross's grave. July 2 - Howard fell off the swing and cut his chin. Had to have it sewed up. Ruth had my room papered red and a new carpet for $27. July 30 - Howard bumped against an awning pole and cut his nose - then he dropped an ice pick on his toe. Next day mashed his fingers with 75something. On Wed. he tumbled over a dog and cut his eyebrow open, and Dr. Gadd stitched it. Aug. 11 - Hillary Beyer and I took a trip to Antietam Battle Field and stood on the identical spot that we fought on Sept. 17, 1862. Came home on the 14th. Aug. 14 - Will took Howard to the dog show, and Dr. Menah took Warren. Sept. 5 - Grand Parade of the G.A.R. Between 30 and 40,000 in line. I turned out with Post 5. A great sight I saw President McKinley. On Wed. night, the 16th, I took the kids up to see the illuminations. They were the finest I ever did see and were simply beyond description. On Thursday Sept. 7 - at reunion of the 88th P.V. at the 3rd Natl. Bank, Broad & Market. About 60 comrades and 60 friends present. Amy returns thanks at the table like a little lady, and has been doing it for a year. Howard tries it too, but says, "Now I lay me down to sleep". Amy had her eyes examined, and has to wear spectacles. Oct. 8 -Alice weighed 25 1/2 lbs. Oct. 18 - went to Passyunk and broached the subject of a union of Calvary and Passyunk. It was well received but after several conferences Passyunk rejected it. Oct. 26 - took the kids and had a run in the Park. ? ?ier, Belmont, Smith's Memorial, etc. Drilled about 25 boys at Calvary for Thanksgiving. Had numerous drills and the boys did nicely. Nov. 27 - took a horseback ride around Pt. Breeze in the P.M. Howard gets stood in the corner at school. Teacher says he is a pig - makes him wash his hands, etc. She inquired how often he got washed, and he said "every Saturday". He says, "I guess I'll get kept in this afternoon, because I wasn't kept in this morning. Nov. 18 - Howard and I went to the Export Exposition. Thanksgiving, Nov. 30 - took the boys to Kaighn's Pt., Gloucester, then back and walked to 8th & Market Sts. to see the fire and home. Dec. 21-I overslept this A.M. Was 6:40 when I awoke. The first I overslept this year. Christmas Day - clear and cold. No snow yet. Trimmed the tree in my bedroom.

76Ruth took the chicks upstairs, and made them all dress


John was buried in Lafayette Cemetery which was moved in 1946. Thomas A. Morris, president of Evergreen Memorial Park in Bensalem Township, was contracted to dig up 47,000 sets of remains from the run-down Lafayette Cemetery in South Philadelphia.Under the terms of a 1946 Common Pleas Court decree, the bodies were to be buried again on 40 of the 156 acres owned by Evergreen, complete with caskets, drainage, new bronze markers, roadways and perpetual maintenance of the grounds. The 40 acres were renamed Lafayette Cemetery. But the bodies were dumped in unmarked trenches that Bensalem officials say bear little resemblance to a cemetery blueprint that shows individual, numbered lots. No one really watched Morris to see that he did what he was supposed to do. [24] [25]


Photo of Lafayette Cemetery prior to 1946


Photo of the former Lafayette Cemetery, after the desecration. 9th Street & Passyunk Avenue, Philadelphia, PA., across the street from Pat's Steaks.


Research

Research from historic documents by Bob Weaver and Phyllis Weaver Bickley.

United States Federal Censuses

1850 United States Federal Census [26] - Passyunk Township, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania - August 11, 1850

  • Head of Household: Peter Vautier, Age: 45, Sex: Male, Occupation: Farmer, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Sarah Vautier, Age: 30, Sex: Female, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Eliza. Vautier, Age: 15, Sex: Female, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Mary A. Vautier, Age: 12, Sex: Female, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Chas. H. Vautier, Age: 10, Sex: Male, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Wm. Vautier, Age: 9 , Sex: Male, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania, Attending School
  • John Vautier, Age: 7, Sex: Male, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania, Attending School

1860 United States Federal Census [27] - 1st Division, 1st Ward, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania - July 12, 1860 - Post Office: Philadelphia, Pa.

  • Head of Household: Peter Vautier, Age: 58, Sex: Male, Occupation: Gardener, Value of Real Estate: $ 400.00, Value of Personal Estate: $ 1,000.00, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Sarah Vautier, Age: 49, Sex: Female, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Charles Vautier, Age: 22, Sex: Male, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • William Vautier, Age: 18 , Sex: Male, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Domninick Vautier, Age: 16, Sex: Male, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • Clara Vautier, Age: 10, Sex: Female, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
  • John Vautier, Age: 8, Sex: Male, Place of Birth: Pennsylvania

1870 United States Federal Census - First Enumeration [28] - District 84, (1st Enum), Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania - June 23, 1870 - Post Office: Philadelphia, Pa.

  • John Vautier, Age: 27, Sex: Male, Occupation: Foreman, KnIce (Knickerbocker Ice Co), Value of Personal Estate: $ 1,000.00, Born in Pennsylvania
  • Cecelia Vautier, Age: 27, Sex: Female, Occupation: Keeping House, Born in Pennsylvania
  • William Vautier, Age: 2, Sex: Male, Occupation: At Home, Born in Pennsylvania
  • Eugene Vautier, Age: 9/12, Sex: Male, Occupation: At Home, Born in Pennsylvania

1870 United States Federal Census - Second Enumeration [29] - Philadelphia Ward 26, District 84, (2nd Enum), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania - November 16, 1870 - Post Office: Philadelphia, Pa. - 1244 10th Street

  • John Vautier, Age: 25, Sex: Male
  • Cecelia Vautier, Age: 25, Sex: Female
  • Willie Vautier, Age: 3, Sex: Male
  • Eugene Vautier, Age: 1, Sex: Male

1880 United States Federal Census [30] - Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania - June 4, 1880 - 28 Catherine Street

  • John D. Vautier, Color: White, Sex: Male, Age: 36, Head of House, Married, Occupation: Superintendent, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania
  • Cecelia Vautier, Color: White, Sex: Female, Age: 37, Wife, Married, Occupation: Keeping House, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania
  • William Vautier, Color: White, Sex: Male, Age: 12, Son, Attending School, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania
  • Eugene Vautier, Color: White, Sex: Male, Age: 10, Son, Attending School, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania
  • Grace Vautier, Color: White, Sex: Female, Age: 8, Daughter, Attending School, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania
  • Ruth Vautier, Color: White, Sex: Female, Age: 5, Daughter, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania
  • Augustus Vautier, Color: White, Sex: Male, Age: 1, Son, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania

1900 United States Federal Census [31] - Philadelphia Ward 2, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania - June 1, 1900 - 731 Federal Street

  • John D. Vautier, Head of House, Color: White, Sex: Male, Nov. 1843, Age: 56, Widowed, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Occupation: Superintendent, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes, Own Home: Yes, Mortgage: Yes, Home Type: House
  • William Vautier, Son, Color: White, Sex: Male, Oct. 1867, Age: 32, Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Occupation: Clerk Cloth, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes
  • Ruth Vautier, Daughter, Color: White, Sex: Female, July 1874, Age: 25, Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Occupation: Housekeeper, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes
  • Hunt Vautier, Son, Color: White, Sex: Male, Apr. 1879, Age: 21, Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Occupation: Book Keeper, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes
  • Amy Vautier, Daughter, Color: White, Sex: Female, Feb. 1898(error should be Feb. 1890), Age: 1 (Should be 10), Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes
  • Howard Vautier, Son, Color: White, Sex: Male, Dec. 1893, Age: 6, Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Occupation: Book Keeper, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes
  • Warren Vautier, Son, Color: White, Sex: Male, Dec. 1894, Age: 5, Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania

1910 United States Federal Census [32] - Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania - April 22, 1910 - 2312 South Seventeenth Street

  • John D. Vautier, Head of House, Sex: M, Color: White, Age: 66, Married 3 (times), Length of current marriage: 3 years, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Speaks: English, Occupation: Agent, Nature of Business: Real Estate, Working on: Own Account, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes, Rent House
  • Anna L. Vautier, Wife, Sex: F, Color: White, Age: 49, Married 2 (times), Length of current marriage: 3 years, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Speaks: English, Occupation: None, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes
  • Amy Vautier, Daughter, Sex: Female, Color: White, Age: 20, Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Speaks: English, Occupation: Stenographer, Nature of Business: Office, Working on: Work, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes
  • Howard Vautier, Son, Sex: Male, Color: White, Age: 17, Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Speaks: English, Occupation: Packer, Nature of Business: Department store, Working on: Work, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes
  • John W. Vautier, Son, Sex: Male, Color: White, Age: 15, Single, Born in: Pennsylvania, Father Born in: Pennsylvania, Mother Born in: Pennsylvania, Speaks: English, Occupation: Clerk, Nature of Business: ? , Working on: Work, Attended School: Yes, Can Read: Yes, Can Write: Yes


United States City Directories

1866 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [33]

  • Vautier John D, clerk, 1122 Pierce - Vautier Sarah, huskster, 1122 Pierce - Vautier William, gardener, 1122 Pierce

1869 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [34]

  • Vautier, John D. foreman, h. 1201 Lentz - Vautier, Sarah, wid Peter, produce, 84, sec 26, Callowhill st mkt, h 1122 Pearce

1870 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [35]

  • Vautier John D., foreman, S 9th c Washington av, h 1244 S 10th

1874 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [36]

  • Vautier John D., foreman, h 1635 S 11th

1876 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [37]

  • Vautier John D., supt. 1101 S 9th, h 1635 S 11th

1877 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [38]

  • Vautier John D., supt. S 9th c Wash'n av, h 1635 S 11th

1878 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [39]

  • Vautier John D., supt. S 9th c Wash'n av, h 1635 S 11th

1879 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [40]

  • Vautier John D., supt. 1101 S 9th, h 1534 S 10th

1881 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [41]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 28 Catharine

1882 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [42]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 28 Catharine

1883 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [43]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 28 Catharine

1884 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [44]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 28 Catharine

1886 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [45]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1887 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [46]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1888 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [47]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1889 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [48]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1891 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [49]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1892 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [50]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1893 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [51]

  • Vautier John D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1896 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [52]

  • Vautier Jno D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1898 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [53]

  • Vautier Jno D., supt, pier 37 S Del av, h 731 Federal

1905 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [54]

  • Vautier Jno D., (Vautier & Co.) h 1323 Wolf

1908 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [55]

  • Vautier Jno D., (Vautier & Co.) h 1323 Wolf

Sources

  1. ↑ Website of "Gallia County Genealogical Society OGS Chapter, Inc. - The French 500"
  2. ↑ Count John Joseph de Barth: The George Washington Letters 1790-1793
  3. ↑ Passenger List for the ship Patriot
  4. ↑ The "French 500" who came over to America in 1790
  5. ↑ Old St. Joseph's Church Website, on Willings Alley, near 4th & Walnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA
  6. ↑ Historic Old Zion Lutheran Church Website, on 628 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA
  7. ↑ Philadelphia Weekly Times, July 31, 1886 - "The Cameron Light Guard" - by John D. Vautier
  8. ↑ "Philadelphia Weekly Press" November 10, 1886 - "AT GETTYSBURG The Eighty-Eighth Pennsylvania Infantry in The Battle" - by John D. Vautier
  9. ↑ From "The National Tribute", April 30, 1903 - Second Bull Run - by John D. Vautier
  10. ↑ "The Civil War Diary of John D. Vautier"
  11. ↑ 1864 Employment
  12. ↑ Cold Spring Ice Co. - Advertisement
  13. ↑ 1866 Marriage to Cecelia Maag
  14. ↑ Newspaper Article - Elected Superintendent of Sunday School
  15. ↑ 1885 Fall into River
  16. ↑ Philadelphia Inquirer - April 25, 1890 article "Medal Presentation"
  17. ↑ "Philadelphia Inquirer - August 20, 1887 - Article "Monument Committee"
  18. ↑ "History of the 88th Pennsylvania Volunteers in the War for the Union, 1861-1865 (1894), by John D. Vautier, Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 1894"
  19. ↑ "Philadelphia Inquirer - March 8, 1896 article - Gift of China Set"
  20. ↑ Elected to Lafayette Cemetery Director - 1890
  21. ↑ John D Vautier obituary - 1912
  22. ↑ Death Certificate
  23. ↑ "The Personal Diary of John D. Vautier"
  24. ↑ Lafayette Cemetery - A TALE OF 47,000 BODIES, FINAL RESTING PLACE UNKNOWN
  25. ↑ The Cemetery Traveler - by Ed Snyder
  26. ↑ 1850 United States Census
  27. ↑ 1860 United States Census
  28. ↑ 1870 United States Census - First Enumeration
  29. ↑ 1870 United States Census - Second Enumeration
  30. ↑ 1880 United States Census
  31. ↑ 1900 United States Census
  32. ↑ 1910 United States Census - Census taker John D. Vautier
  33. ↑ 1866 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  34. ↑ 1869 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  35. ↑ 1870 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  36. ↑ 1874 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  37. ↑ 1876 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  38. ↑ 1877 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  39. ↑ 1878 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  40. ↑ 1879 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  41. ↑ 1881 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  42. ↑ 1882 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  43. ↑ 1883 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  44. ↑ 1884 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  45. ↑ 1886 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  46. ↑ 1887 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  47. ↑ 1888 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  48. ↑ 1889 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  49. ↑ 1891 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  50. ↑ 1892 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  51. ↑ 1893 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  52. ↑ 1896 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  53. ↑ 1898 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  54. ↑ 1905 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  55. ↑ 1908 - City Directory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Other Sources

  • Letter to Annie Vollmer - February 21, 1889
  • National Park Service
    • U.S. Civil War Soldiers, 1861-1865 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: National Park Service, Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System




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Images: 104
John D. Vautier
John D. Vautier
John D. Vautier
John D. Vautier
John Vautier Sketch of Early Rebel Flag - Stars and Bars
John Vautier Sketch of Early Rebel Flag - Stars and Bars
John Vautier Sketch of Army Tents
John Vautier Sketch of Army Tents
John Vautier Sketch "Camp of Cameron Light Guard"
John Vautier Sketch
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Comments: 3

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J-276 Paula J
I know I already commented but this is excellent!! I love the story and the sketches and diary entry make it so personal!! Mary is right, it's just perfect!!
posted by Paula J
Richardson-7161 Mary Richardson
You have written a perfect profile. I enjoyed reading it.
posted by Mary Richardson
J-276 Paula J
Excellent profile!!
posted by Paula J

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V  >  Vautier  >  John Dominque Vautier

Categories: 88th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry, United States Civil War | Battle of Cedar Mountain | Second Battle of Bull Run | Battle of North Anna | Battle of Antietam | Battle of Cold Harbor | Wounded in Action, United States of America, United States Civil War