Gerard Spencer (bef. 1614 - bef. 1685)

Born before 25 Apr 1614 in Stotfold, Bedfordshire, England

Ancestors

Husband of Hannah (Unknown) Spencer — married 1637 in Lynn, Massachusetts Bay Colony [uncertain]

Husband of Rebecca (Porter) Spencer — married 1677 in Saybrook, Middlesex Co., CT

Descendants

Died before 29 Jun 1685 at about age 71 in Haddam, Middlesex, Connecticut

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Gerard Spencer migrated to New England during the Puritan Great Migration (1621-1640). (See The Great Migration (Series 2), by R. C. Anderson, vol. 6, p. 419) Join: Puritan Great Migration Project Discuss: pgm

Biography

Garrard Spencer, with his three older brothers (Thomas, William and Michael) came to New England about 1634^[1][2] and first settled in Massachusetts. He resided in Lynn, MA (15 miles up the coast from Boston) from 1638-1659, where he was chosen ensign of the train band in June 1656. He did not remove to Hartford until 1660.^[3] In 1662 he moved onwards to Haddam where he and his wife Hannah were among the first 28 settlers^[4], he served as ensign of the trainband during King Philip's War and he was repeatedly elected Deputy to the General Court from 1674 to 1683.^[5][6][7]

Timeline

• 1614 - Baptized at Stotfold, Bedfordshire, England, 25 April 1614.^{[8][9][10][11][12]}
• 1634 - Immigrated to Cambridge, Suffolk, Massachusetts^[13] where he was made a Freeman and granted 4 acres on west side of river, 1 Sept
• 1638 - Removed to Lynn, Massachusetts, ^[13] with brother Michael.^[14][15]
• 1638 - Ran ferry, Needham's Landing, Lynn to Baird's Landing, Saugus^[16]
• 1644 - Inherited a legacy in the will of his uncle, Richard Spencer, of London, 17 March 1644/5^[17][18]
• 1656 - Ensign of the Train Band at Lynn, Massachusetts, 24 June ^[19]
• 1660 - Removed to Hartford, Connecticut ^[13] where he was granted, by vote of the town, "liberty to dwell among us" at Hartford, Connecticut, 20 Aug. ^[20][21]
• 1660 - Breach of Promise Lawsuit, 7 March 1660/1^[22]
• 1662 - Among the 28 men who purchased from the Indians, the land to become Haddam, Connecticut.^[23] Removed to Haddam.^[13]
• 1672 - 1672, 1674, 1675 - Served as Ensign, Train Band at Haddam, Connecticut, including during King Philip's War^[24][25]
• 1674 - Deputy to Connecticut General Court for Haddam 13 times thru 1683 ^[13][26][27]
• 1685 - Died, Haddam, Middlesex, Connecticut, about 23 June
• 1685 - Estate inventory of "Gerrad Spencer of Haddam" taken 29 June ^[28]

Baptism

Gerard Spencer, son of Gerard and Alice (Whitbread) Spencer, was baptized on 25 Apr 1614^{[10] [29]} in St. Mary's, Stotfold, Bedfordshire, England.^{[11][12][30][31][32][11][12]}

Immigration

The first mention of Gerrard in New England is in the Cambridge Town records "in the prime of Sept. 1634, ^[13] Lots granted on west side River - Gerrad Spencer 4 ackrs."

First marriage and children

Gerard Spencer married, first, Hannah,^[33] about 1637 in Lynn/Hartford/Haddam, Connecticut^[34][35]

All of Gerard's children are by this first wife. Data on the children are taken from The Four Spencer Brothers^[10] The Great Migration ^[36]; The Macdonough-Hackstaff ancestry^[37]; and The ancestry of Lorenzo Ackley & his wife Emma Arabella Bosworth, page 12-13.^[38]:

1. John Spencer, born at Lynn, Mass., ca. 1636-1638.^{[39] [10]}
2. Hannah Spencer^{[33] [10]} d. 3 Aug 1682 ^[37] b. ca. 1640, d. by 1691, m. ca. 1664, Daniel Brainerd of Haddam, b. ca. 1641, d. 1 Apr 1715 ae. 74. He m. (2) 29 Nov 1698, Hannah (Spencer) Sexton (No. 7, vii).
3. Marah Spencer, AKA Alice, born 1641 - ca. 1642, d. before 22 Dec 1714, married 1st in 1662, Thomas Brooks, who d. at Haddam, 18 Oct 1668; four children, m. 2nd Thomas Shiler or Shaylor, of Haddam, in 1669, who d. ca. 1692; five children.^[40][41]
4. Mehitabel Spencer^[33][10] b. ca. 1638, d. 1691, m. by 1661, Daniel Cone of Haddam, b. ca. 1627, d. 24 Oct 1706 in 80th year, ten children^[37]
5. Thomas Spencer, born in Lynn, Mass. ca. 1648, d. Feb 1698/9.^{[33] [10] [37]} m. (1) about 1672 Elizabeth Bates, daughter of John Bates, probably married (2) Elizabeth Waller^[38]
6. Samuel Spencer b. ca. 1650, d. 7 Aug 1705. m. (1) abt 1673 Hannah (Willey) (Hungerford) Blatchford, m. (2) in 1689 Miriam (Moore) Willey.^{[38] [33][10] [37]}
7. William Spencer ^{[33] [10]} b. ca. 1656, d. 1731 ^[37]m. Margaret Bates, b. 19 June 1664^[38]
8. Nathaniel Spencer ^{[33] [10]} b. ca. 1658, d. before 1722 ^[37] m. (1) about 1681, Elizabeth Bailey (2) m. Hannah (Unknown),^[38]
9. Rebeckah Spencer ^{[33] [10]} b. ca. 1660; d. before 1706, m. (1) ca. 1682, John Kennard of Haddam, who d. 1688, m. (2) after Feb 1689, John Tanner^[37]
10. Ruth Spencer ^{[33] [10]} b. ca. 1654, d. at Haddam, 28 Nov 1744 ae. 90; m. Joseph Clark, whose will dated 24 Oct 1716 is recorded in Haddam Deeds (2:255), son of William ^[42]
11. Timothy Spencer ^{[33] [10]} b. ca. 1652, d. 1704 ^[37] m. by 1675, Sarah Clarke, daughter of William Clarke^[38]
12. Sarah Spencer, b. ca. 1644; living 1707; m. Dec 1666, Stephen Backus of Nowich, b. ca. 1642, d. at Canterbury, in 1695, son of William; eight children ^[10] [not mentioned in Gerard's will, accepted by Robert Charles Anderson in Great Migration] ^[43]
13. Elizabeth Spencer, b. ca. 1646; m. ca. 1666, Joseph Stannard of Saybrook, who d. 20 Aug 1688.^[10] [not mentioned in Gerard's will, not accepted by Robert Charles Anderson, Great Migration] ^[44]

Second marriage

Gerard Spencer is believed to have married, second, Rebecca (Porter) Clark, 1677 in either Saybrook (20 miles to the south, at the coast) or in Haddam. She was the widow of John Clark.^[45]

The second marriage is suggested for Gerard because we know from the Saybrook Vital Records that the widow of John Clarke married, second, someone named Spencer.^[46] The only Spencers in Connecticut of proper age to be the widow Clark's husband (and unencumbered with a wife known to be living) were Gerard and his brother Thomas --who was an older man and resident at a greater distance from Saybrook (Saybrook to Haddam is about 20 miles while Saybrook to Hartford is about 50 miles). Nevertheless, "Rebecca Spencer" may have been a third wife of Sgt. Thomas Spencer. All that the records disclose is that she died under the name of Spencer, and the loss of the early New London probate records where her estate was settled may leave it forever a matter of conjecture who her Spencer husband was. Gerard's will does not even name all his children, and lack of reference to a wife may be explained in either of two ways. A second wife may have been provided for by prenuptial agreement, or such a marriage may have occurred after the will was made.

Since the publication of Goodwin's Genealogical Notes in 1856, the early wife of Gerard who was the mother of his children has always been named as Hannah. The present compiler follows these authorities, though confessing that he has not seen an original or quoted contemporary record so naming her. Still, such a record may exist. The birth dates as signed to the children below are mostly guesses.^[10]

Disambiguation - NOT married to Joanna Hills

The Gerard Spencer of this profiles should not be confused with his cousin Gerard Spencer (bef.1601-aft.1649) (son of his uncle Thomas Spencer (bef.1572-bef.1631)) who never emigrated and died in England. Parish records from Stotford, in Bedfordshire, England show that a Gerard Spencer married Joanna Hills.^[47] On this basis, some genealogies have mistakenly concluded that the Gerald Spencer of this profile or his father Gerard married Joanna Hills. However, the husband of Joanna Hills was Gerard Spencer (bef.1601-aft.1649).^[48]

Will and death

Gerard Spencer's initial will was dated 17 September 1683 at Haddam, but he added a codicil dated 3 September 1685. An inventory of his estate was dated 29 June 1685 at Hartford. ^{[49] [50] [51] [52]} Probate was granted by the Court 3 Sept. 1685.^[53]

Based upon the dates of his Will and probate records, we can conclude that Gerard Spencer died at Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut between 17 Sept. 1683 and 29 June 1685, most likely in June of 1685.^[54]

Research Notes

1653 - Granted administration of his brother Michael's estate; called "brother" in the inventory, 29 Nov. Attached copy

1659 - In Lynn was grand juror.

A Spencer Genealogy. The Descent from Gerard of Haddam, Connecticut. Harold L. Spencer, 1977, FHL 929.273 sp332, pp 18-19, 26-27, 37-38, 113-114.

There are several good accounts of him and his family in print, but some of them omit the daughter Sarah, proved by an undated deed in Haddam Deeds (1:49) given by "Steuen Bacas with my weif Sarah of Norwich" to Danial Brainerd of Haddam of one acre "that fell us by portion of the estat of our father Garrard Spencer."

May 15, 1679, "Ensigne Jerard Spencer of Haddam in Connetticot" sold land in Salem (adjacent to Lynn) to Captain George Corwin, of Salem Mass.^[55]

He was elected to Haddam Connecticut about 1660, when his son John was named a proprietor of Haddam. A Haddam Connecticut land deed from Stephen Backus to Daniel Brainerd, "given by Stephen Backus with my Sarah of Norwich, Connecticut to Daniel Brainerd of Haddam, once acre that fell to us by portion of the estate of our father, Gerard Spencer". He was named freeman of Connecticut, and elected to Ensign of militia circa 1672. He was elected to Representative to Connecticut General Court circa 1674-1675. From Virkus, Vol 1, The abridged compendium of American Genealogy pg 991, Came from England with his brother William, and Rev. Thomas Hooker, to Newton, Massachusetts, 1633; ensign Train band, Lynn, Massachusetts, 1656, and representative of the General Court, 1674, served in King Phillips Wars.

Colonial Records of Connecticut, Volume 2, published 1852, states on p. 182 that "Ensigne Jarrad Spencer is propownded for a freeman." This entry was made at a Court session held at Hartford, June 26, 1672.

Harriet Gaines Spencer, daughter of Thomas Gaines (DNA proven), had a younger sister Maggie Eva Gaines who married Edward Bassett (Bessette), after the death of his first wife Jesse Spencer. Jesse Spencer was a direct line descendant of Gerard Spencer born 1614. Jefferson County New York Cemeteries have been keeping their secrets way to long. Edward Bassett is buried in Black River Cemetery, Jefferson, New York. His ancestors came from Canada and has a DNA proven connection.

Sources

1. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 420 With Ancestry.com
2. ↑ History and Families, Anderson Kentucky, published by Turner Publishing Company 1991, page 151.
3. ↑ Spencer family of Bedfordshire, England, & East Haddam, Conn. Herbert R. Spencer. Digital Publication, Family Search International. Pg 14.
4. ↑ Haddam Historical Society (http://www.haddamhistory.org/history_haddam.htm)
5. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 420 With Ancestry.com
6. ↑ From Colonial Families of the United States. Emigrated to America, 1638, from Stotfold, England; settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts; removed to Hartford, Connecticut. Was Captain of train band and served as member of the General Court of Connecticut, 1674, '74, '79, '79', '80, '83. Served in King Philip's War. He was the son of Gerard, b. 1576, who was on of Michael, who was the son of John, d. 1558, who was descended from the Spencers of Southmylls (established by investigations of Rev. John Holding, M.A. Canterbury, Vicar of Stotfold), who were descended from Robert De Le Spencer, Steward to William the Conqueror, 1066.
7. ↑ From "Early Settlers of New York State" by Janet Wethy Foley, V1 and V2, originally published serially: vol 1 1934 - vol 9 1942. Available thru Genealogy Publishing Co., Baltimore, Maryland. Gerard came in 1632 with Rev. Thomas Hooker, and was one of the first settlers of Haddam, Connecticut. Some of the information on Gerard's children taken from: Mrs Louise M. Birnbaumer 33 West Calvert St. Lincoln, Nebraska. SLC LDS Film #0496485 Oct 1969. NEHGR Oct 1941, #95, pp: 350-351 Baptized at St. Mary's Parish, Stotfold, county Bedford, England, 25 April 1614, immigrated to New England in 1630, lived at Cambridge until 1637, moved to Lynn, thence to Hartford in 1660, and finally settled in 1662 at Haddam, where he died between 17 Sept 1683, the date of his will, and 1685, the year of its proving, an ensign in the Lynn militia in 1636, a freeman in 1637, a deputy from Haddam in the General Court from 1674 to 1680.
8. ↑ Spencer: Family Bible Records, 1558-1913: (Salt Lake City, Utah: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1985), FHL Film 1307619 Item 2.
9. ↑ "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NB9Z-QHC : 21 March 2020), Bedfordshire Parish Registers, Stotfold 1611-1624; Gerard Spenser s. Gerard Spenser, 1614. Image 69 of 529
10. ↑ ^{10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15} The Four Spencer Brothers - Their Ancestors and Descendants
11. ↑ ^{11.0 11.1 11.2} Genealogia Bedfordiensis; being a collection of evidences relating chiefly to the landed gentry of Bedfordshire, A. D. 1538-1700. Collected out of parish registers, the bishop's transcripts, early wills, monumental inscriptions, etc. by Page-Turner, Frederick Augustus, 1845-1931, ed; Bedfordshire (England),1890, p. 274. archive.org link
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1 12.2} Gerard Spencer baptism in Genealogia Bedfordiensis
13. ↑ ^{13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5} The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 419
14. ↑ In 638 Gerard was one of the jurymen from Lynn at a County Court held in December 1638. See The Macdonough-Hackstaff Ancestry
15. ↑ In the Lynn town records for March, 1641, there is an entry to the effect that Nicholas Brown and Garrett (Garrard) Spencer made oath before two magistrates "that being with Mr Willm Ballard of Linn, a day or two before his death & perswadinge him to make his will," he told them that "he intended to do it the next day, but dyed before he could put it in wrightinge. He would leave his wife Sarah half his estate, and the other half to be devided amongest his children; the said William Ballard beinge then of pfect minde."
16. ↑ Among the proceedings of "A Generall Courte, houlden at Boston, the 13th of the First Month 1638" (March 13 1638/9), it is recorded that "Garret Spencer is granted the fferry at Linn for 2 yeares, taking 2d for a single person to the furthest place, & but a Id a person for more, to the furthest, & but a 1d for a single person to the nearest place." The same year he was allotted thirty acres of land by a committee appointed by the town "to lay out ffarmes."
17. ↑ The Four Spencer Brothers - Their Ancestors and D.escendants page 84 - 85
18. ↑ The legacy may never have been collected despite hiring a London lawyer to do so, as Daniel Spencer, a cousin, charged with the estate appears to have refused to make disbursement to the agents of his American cousins.
19. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 420
20. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 427
21. ↑ Gerard Spencer was NOT a Founder of Hartford. His brothers Thomas and William are listed as Founders, but not Gerard. He went from Cambridge to Lynn, and was not among the 1635-1636 Founders of Hartford. He was in Hartford in 1660 - 1662, waiting for the land grant in Haddam. He lived in Haddam from 1662 to his death in 1685. From a letter by Jack T. Spencer (address, etc, elsewhere) states the Gerard did not go to Hartford until many years after he settled at Lynn. He did not go to Hartford with THOMAS, for that matter neither did WILLIAM. (See statement in an article entitled BUTLER-SPENCER CONNECTION, which appeared on page 1, vol 17 Feb 1993). In Love's History of Hartford, THOMAS was at Hartford early in 1637 and WILLIAM in 1638. The latter date agrees with the General Court Records where WILLIAM does not appear as Secretary subsequent to 1638. He also states that GERARD does not appear in the Hartford land records until 1661 and then only for a brief period (until 1663). During this short interval he was awaiting approval for a charter at Haddam.
22. ↑ Gerard Spencer (1614-1685) Related Materials - Lawsuit: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Gerard_Spencer_%281614-1685%29_Related_Materials
23. ↑ A history of the towns of Haddam and East-Haddam page 4
24. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 420
25. ↑ At a meeting of the "Councill" held at Hartford September 14, 1675, it was ordered that "the inhabitants of Haddam haueing presented Jarrad Spencer for an Ensign for their Trayne Band, affirming him to be legally chosen the Councill doe accordingly commissionate him to be their Ensign and to command them according to lawe; and Wm Ventrus is confirmed to be their Sarg. This to stand till the Gen11 Court order otherwise."
26. ↑ 'Virkus, Vol 1, The abridged compendium of American Genealogy pg 991 (https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011819037&view=2up&seq=999&skin=2021&size=175)
27. ↑ Colonial Records of Connecticut, list a "Ensigne Jarrad Spencer as a freeman." This entry was made at a Court session held in Hartford, June 26, 1672.At page 260-61 of the Colonial Records of Connecticut., vol 2, Ens. Gerrard Spencer is listed as a deputy at a "General Court by Speciall Order of the Gouernor, " which met on July 9, 1675. He was deputy from Haddam to the General Court at Hartford in October, 1674; May, 1678; October, 1678; May, 1679; October, 1679; May, 1680; May, 1683; October, 1683; and also to the General Court called by special order of the Governor to meet in July 1675.
28. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 422
29. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 423
30. ↑ Tag 27: 84, 164
31. ↑ Spencer: Family Bible Records, 1558-1913: (Salt Lake City, Utah: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1985), FHL Film 1307619 Item 2.
32. ↑ "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NB9Z-QHC : 21 March 2020), Bedfordshire Parish Registers, Stotfold 1611-1624; Gerard Spenser s. Gerard Spenser, 1614. Image 69 of 529
33. ↑ ^{33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.9} New England Ancestors pg 58.
34. ↑ Torrey.(with Ancestry.com)
35. ↑ From New England Marriages prior to 1700; Torrey (?) m: 1st Hannah ______ ca 1637. m: 2nd wife Rebecca (Porter) Clark, widow of John aft 1677, resided Haddam, Connecticut.
36. ↑ ; The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 423 - 426
37. ↑ ^{37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 37.6 37.7 37.8} The Macdonough-Hackstaff Ancestry, by Rodney Macdonough, pp 271-8
38. ↑ ^{38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5} Parke: The Ancestry of Lorenzo Ackley & His Wife Emma Arabella Bosworth (1960) by Nathan Parke, Page 11-12
39. ↑ New England Ancestors pg 58, born 1638, Lynn, Mass.
40. ↑ New England Ancestors pg 58, Alice.
41. ↑ The Four Spencer Brothers, Marah b. ca. 1642
42. ↑ The Macdonough-Hackstaff ancestry By Rodney Macdonough
43. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 426
44. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 426
45. ↑ From New England Marriages prior to 1700; Torrey (?) m: 1st Hannah ______ ca 1637. m: 2nd wife Rebecca (Porter) Clark, widow of John aft 1677, resided Haddam, Connecticut.
46. ↑ "Rebeckah Spencer the sometime wife of John Clarke departed this life the 9th of Jan 1682" See Vital Records of Saybrook, 1647-1834 (Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, 1952) Page 6
47. ↑ Parish records, Stotfold, Bedfordshire, England. See Genealogia Bedfordiensis.

    1628 Aug. 4 Spenser - Hills, Gerard & Joanna, mar.

    1629 May 14 Spenser, Anna, filia Gerardi, bapt.

    1630 Jan. 17 Spencer, Elizabeth, fil. Gerardi, bapt.

    1631 Jun, 13 Spencer, Thomas, gen., sep.

    1635 Sep. 16 Spenser, Maria, filia Gerardi & Joanna, bapt.

    1635 Dec. 19 Spenser, Margareta, vidua, sep.

48. ↑ 'Spencer, Sources and Resources, Research Notes, Questions and Errata
49. ↑ Manwaring, Charles William. Digest of the Early Connecticut Probate Records, R. S. Peck & Co., Hartford, Connecticut, 1904, pages 363-364. InternetArchive: https://archive.org/details/digestofearlycon00manw/page/363/mode/1up FamilySearch (image 394): https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/viewer/121817/?offset=0#page=394&viewer=picture&o=&n=0&q=
50. ↑ Will: Connecticut, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1609-1999, images 35-43. (unable to locate record on FamilySearch or InternetArchive) Probate Files Collection, Early to 1880; Author: Connecticut State Library (Hartford, Connecticut); Probate Place: Hartford, Connecticut, Ancestry Sharing Link - Ancestry Record 9049 #2656733 (accessed 20 February 2024).
51. ↑ Gerard Spencer (1614-1685) Related Materials - Will
52. ↑ Connecticut Probate Records Vol. I pg 363
53. ↑ The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S page 422
54. ↑ NOTE on location of death: East Haddam was not established until May 1734 "THE COLONIAL TOWNS OF CONNECTICUT IN THE ORDER OF THEIR ESTABLISHMENT", #55, The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut. Gerard Spencer was consistently presented in records as a resident of Haddam, where his four acre lot is in the earliest plat, adjacent to the Connecticut River. See attached plat map. April Dauenhauer
55. ↑ "two p'cells of land in Salem aforesd containing twenty five acres, be it more or less, twenty acres whereof lyeth within fence & in a greater p'cel containing the whole forty acres & is bounded on the great pond on ye east the rocks on ye northwest. Linn bounds on ye southwest, a swamp northeast & five acres on ye west side of ye pond."

See also:

• Great Migration 1634-1635, R-S. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2012.) Originally published as: The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume VI, R-S, by Robert Charles Anderson. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2009, page 419. With Ancestry.com
• The Four Spencer Brothers - Their Ancestors and Descendants, Donald Lines Jacobus, M.A., The American Genealogist, Vol. 27 (April 1951), Attached. Part I, 79 - 87, see p. 84, and Part II, pp. 161 - 185, see pp. 164 - 165.
• The Macdonough-Hackstaff Ancestry, by Rodney Macdonough. Database Online, Google Books, (accessed 5 Nov 2014), (Boston, Press of Samuel Usher, 1901), See also at Page 271-8
• England, Extracted Parish and Court Records, Author: Ancestry.com Publication: Ancestry.com Operations Inc
• Genealogia Bedfordiensis, Being a Collection of Evidences Relating Chiefly to the Landed Gentry of Bedfordshire. A.D. 1538-1700, by Frederick Augustus Blaydes. Chiswick Press, 1890.
• The will of Thomas Hill.
• Manwaring, Charles William. A Digest of the Early Connecticut Probate Records (R. S. Peck & Co., Printers, 1904) Volume IV - Hartford District, 1677 - 1687, published 1984, p. 363-64, the Will of Ensign Jarrad Spencer is transcribed.
• The Records of the Town of Cambridge (formerly Newtowne) Massachusetts, 1630-1703 (Cambridge, Mass., 1901) p 10.
• Records of The Particular Court of Connecticut, 1639-1663, (Hartford, 1928). p 222.
• Rev. Lucius E. Paige, List of Freemen, [from Colonial Records], (New England Historical & Genealogical Register, Vol 3, January 1849, p. 89 & subsequent). 3:95.
• Waters, Henry Fitz-Gilbert. Genealogical Gleanings in England. United States: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1901. 2 Volumes. Volume 1
• Nathaniel Goodwin, Genealogical Notes of Connecticut and Massachusetts, Hartford. 1856, p 204.
• Jack T Spencer and Edith W Spencer, "Gerard 1 Spencer: A Pioneer of Cambridge, Lynn and Haddam," The Connecticut Nutmegger, Mar 1997, p 592ff.
• Torrey, Clarence Almon. Torrey’s New England Marriages Prior to 1700 (Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. Baltimore, 1985)
• Our New England Ancestors and Their Descendants, Compiled by Henry Whittemore, New England Ancestral Publishing Co., 1900.
• A history of the towns of Haddam and East-Haddam, Field, David D. Database online (accessed 5 Nov 2014), Internet Archive, (Middletown, Connecticut, Printed by Loomis and Richards, 1814), page 4
• Whittemore, Henry. History of Middlesex County, Connecticut (J.B. Beers & Co., New York, 1884) Page 371.
• Parke, Nathan. The Ancestry of Lorenzo Ackley & His Wife Emma Arabella Bosworth (The Elm Tree Press, Woodstock, Vt., 1960) Page 11
• Huxley, Jared. Genealogical Descent of The Huxley Family in The United States (Vindicator Press, Youngstown, Ohio, 1901) Page 19
• Find A Grave: Memorial #33379073
• The Macdonough-Hackstaff ancestry, By Rodney Macdonough
• https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~fesschequy/genealogy/Spencer2.html