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Wine and Silk and the Virginia Company

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This page was begun with information I had been adding to the profile for John Arundell but was better suited to a space page. It duplicates some information on Space: Abigail, sailed 1620-1622, which has additional information that may be of interest.

While Peter Arundell (John's father) was a Virginia Company share-holder and adventurer, it may be that Anthonie Bonall was in charge of day-to-day wine and silk operations at Elizabeth City's Bucke Row settlement. Their profiles both have details about these endeavors that might interest you.

Contents

The Virginia Company

Much has been written about the Virginia Company of London, which was expected to make a profit for its investors by taking advantage of the opportunities to be harvested from colonizing Virginia.[1]

Tobacco, wine, and silk were three commodities that the company hoped would turn a profit, which it realized to some degree with tobacco, a major export. A few years before Virginia became a crown colony (in 1625), the Virginia Company realized it needed to import a delicate cargo: English women from good families, potential wives for the early settlers. These women - by some accounts, 144 who arrived between 1619 and 1622 - are sometimes called "Tobaccao Brides" because the men they married paid in tobacco to cover the Virginia Company's costs.[2]

This page focuses on Virginia's early wine and silk ventures, but also includes some initial research on the brides imported by the Virginia Company.

Wine and Silk

Both French and Italian immigrants came to Virginia to cultivate vineyards and start wineries. Some, like Peter Arundel, also established "silk houses", using leaves from Virginia's native mulberry trees to feed the silkworm caterpillars.[3]

Buckroe Settlement and Settlers

"Peter Arundel was a Frenchman, and his occupation was vigneron (winegrower) like many of his countrymen who were in this same area. This was one of the attempts to build up a profitable industry by the Virginia Company."[4] Although the date of Peter's arrival is not recorded in the 1624/5 muster, which included what year and on which ship colonists arrived (instead that muster recorded his 1624 death), other sources show he was aboard the Abigail when it sailed from England in February 1620/21.[5]
The Abigail arrived in Jamestown with several Arundells aboard, including John and Margaret, as well as Anthonie Bonall and several other people who in 1624/5 were listed under the muster of Anthonie Bonall, Sgt William Barry, and John Haney, living "beyond Hampton River Beinge the Companyes land", where the Hamptons also were listed: William Hampton (head, 34) with Joane Hampton & John Arndell.[6] While the 1624/5 Jamestown muster has various arrival dates for them (1620-1622), they were most likely passengers aboard the same voyage of the Abigail. Shawn Potter's research includes the following quote from Kingsbury, vol iii, p. 239, 240:[7]
"Virginia Company. A Note of the Shipping, Men, and Provisions Sent and Provided for Virginia.... The Abigail, of 350 tons, sent in February 1620/1 with 230 persons... Men skillful for setting up staple comodities... Eight French Vignerons [vineyard growers], procured from Languedoc, who are very skillful also in breeding silkworms and making silk--of this seed there is good store gone, both French, Italian and Spanish--together with instructions for providing comodious housing and orderly planting of mulberry trees.There are also some Englishmen sent that have been trained therein."
Note - Four of the eight "French Vignerons procured from Languedoc" were probably Anthonie and James Bannall/Bonall, Virbritt, and Oble Hero.[8]
In a letter from Peter Arundell to Mr. John Farrar, dated 15 April 1623, he refers to trouble between the "chief man" of a neighbor, Capt. Whitaker, and "Mr Anthony Bannall, who went to gather mulberry leaves upon the said Capt's ground. Who is at fault I know not, for I was not there. But I will tell you once more that unless strict orders be sent from England for preservation of mulberry trees, the silk work will wholly be lost for a great while in Virginia. Our worms are well hatched and very hopefull. If I live, I will bring home some silk.... I say if I live for I have naught at this time to maintain me and my people till harvest but a little more than half a bushel of English meal, all my provision being spent by workmen to build the silk house. If I die, my eldest son, John Arundle, will follow the silk work, for I find him very fit for it. Therefore, I entreat you, if I die before I see you, to take notice of him and to deal charitably with my young children."[7][9]
In February 1623/4, the Arrundells were living at "Buck Rowe",[10] a settlement in Elizabeth City's Lower Parish. This area was settled in 1620 by "Frenchmen sent over to plant mulberry trees and grape vines".[11]
The 16 February 1623/4 census found 30 colonists living at Bucke Row[7][10] (listed below, along with three others and two possibilities for vx Hampton). Additional information is primarily from the 1624/5 Jamestown muster[12] and the compiled passenger list for the Abigail.[13][14]
NameArrival1624/5 MusterLocation[15]Notes
Flint, Thomas 1618, DianaThomas Flynt, headBHR[15]
Hampton, John
Peirsby, Richard
Rookins, William 1619, Bona NovaSgt. William BarryBHR[15]26/"Rookines" in 1624/5
Williams, Rowland 1623, JonathanRobart ThrasherBHR[15]20 in 1624/5
Dixon, Steven 1619, Bona NovaSgt. William Barry, servantBHR[15]25/"Dickson" in 1624/5
Risby, Thomas
Wheeler, Henry 1620, TyrallThomas FlyntBHR[15]"Henrie"/20 in 1624/5
Brooks, James 1619, JonathanThomas FlyntBHR[15]19 in 1624/5
Kenell, Samwell 1621, AbigailJohn LauckfildBHR[15]30 in 1624/5
Carning, John
Neares, Thomas 1620, Francis BonaventureThomas FlyntBHR[15]"Merres"/21 in 1624/5
Salvadge, Robert 1621, ElzabethThomas FlyntBHR[15]18 in 1624/5
"Robart Savadge" in 1624/5
Barry, William 1619, Bona NovaSgt William Barry, headBHR[15]
Hatfield, Joseph 1619, Bona NovaSgt William Barry, servantBHR[15]24 in 1624/5
Marshall, Edward 1621, AbigailSgt William Barry, servantBHR[15]26 in 1624/5
Griffith, Ambrose 1619, Bona NovaThomas GarnettElizabeth City[15]33/"Gyffith" in 1624/5[16]
Arrundell, Peterdied 1624[17][18]BHRVintner/Investor
Arrundell, John1621, AbigailWilliam HamptonBHR[15]Silk
age 22 in 1624/5
Bonall, Anthony1621, AbigailAnthonie Bonall, headBHR[15]Frenchman
age 42 in 1624/5
Legardo, Elias[19]1621, AbigailAnthonie BonallBHR[15]Frenchman
age 38 in 1624/5
Bonall, James Frenchman[20]
Hainie/Haine, John1621, Margett & JohnRobart ThrasherBHR[15]apparently a separate household[21]
Row, Nicholas 1621, ElzabethJohn HaneyBHR[15]
Rowe, Mary[22]1620, London MarchantJohn HaneyBHR[15]not BR[15]
Nicholas's wife?[21]
Althrop, Richard[23]
Loyd, John
Hampton, vx [24][25]
Hampton, Joan 1621, AbigailEdward WatersBHR[15]not BR?[15] 25/listed with William Hampton in 1624/5[24]
Hampton, Joan William HamptonBHR[15]not BR?[15] wife of William Hampton (34) in 1624/5[24]
Hanie, vx 1622, AbigailJohn HaneyBHR[15]Elizabeth[21]
Arrundell, Elizabeth 1620, AbigailGeorge Yearley "Sr Kt &ct.", servantJames Cittie
Arrundell, Margaret 1621, AbigailHumfrey KentPH[15]age 9 in 1624/5[26]
Kent, Joan 1621, TygerHumfrey KentPH[15]not BR,[15] Humfrey's wife,
sister of Marg. (9)?
Kent, Humfrey 1619, GeorgeHumfrey Kent, headPH[15]not BR[15]

Colonial Silk

Although Virginia's silk industry did not thrive, the Carolinas had better success in the 1700s, having imported the white mulberry trees that the silkworms preferred.[27]
Even with the white mulberry leaves, the cloth produced was inferior to that available overseas. Still, it was a more affordable alternative to imported silk, and colonial Americans took pride in the product.
For more information about colonial silk, see
  • Bigelow, Allison Margaret. "Gendered Language and the Science of Colonial Silk", Early American Literature, Volume 49, Number 2, 2014, pp. 271-325. (Article: preview accessed 18 April 2021; pdf).
  • Marsh, Ben. "Silk Hopes in Colonial South Carolina." The Journal of Southern History, vol. 78, no. 4, 2012, pp. 807–854. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23795645 (accessed 18 April 2021).
  • The History Blog: Colonial silk gown donated to Smithsonian by the descendants of its original wearer, Eliza Lucas Pinckney of South Carolina. "The silk threads woven into the golden gown were spun from silk worms she herself bred, in fact, in one of her many successful agricultural experiments." (Accessed 18 April 2021.)
  • Marsh, Ben. "Lower South: South Carolina and Georgia" (pp. 238-311). Unravelled Dreams: Silk and the Atlantic World, 1500–1840 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge : 2020). Summary (accessed 18 April 2021).
  • Trussell, John T. "All Around the Mulberry Tree... Silk Brought Hope to Jamestown", Jamestowne Society Magazine, Spring 2020, page 8 (accessed 21 April 2021).

Tobacco Brides

By some accounts, between 1619 and 1622 the Virginia Company sent 144 women to be brides of the early colonists in Virginia.[2] These women are sometimes called "Tobaccao Brides" because the men they married were to reimburse the Virginia Company "for the charges disbursed in setting them forth, which coming to £12 and upwards, they require 150lbs of the best leaf tobacco for each of them. This increase of thirty pounds weight since those sent in the Marmaduke they have resolved to make, finding the great shrinkage and other losses upon the tobacco from Virginia will not bear less."[28][29]

The "first shipment of maids... to the number of ninety was made by the Jonathan and London Merchant, vessels which arrived in May, 1620, at Jamestown."[28]

It is said that Richard Pace's wife, Isabel, "was asked by The Virginia Company to return to England with her husband Richard to help select some of "The 100 Eligible Maidens" as brides for desirous Ancient Planters and to care for 12 of them on the trip back to Virginia. On this same trip Richard was selecting the 6 Indentured Servants whom he had already arranged for and was bringing them back to work at Paces Paines. They came back on the Marmaduke, and the Captain had to make an emergency stop at land's end to let off one of the 12 maidens and bring aboard an Ursula Clawson a relative of Richards.... They arrived back in April 1621".[30][31]

"The ships Warwick and Tiger left the Thames about the middle of September 1621, and carried maids and young women for wives. A MS. Letter from the London Company says:-- 'By this ship (Warwick ) and pinnace called the Tiger we also send as many maids and young women as will make up the number of fifty, with those twelve formerly sent in the Marmaduke which we hope shall be received with the same Christian piety and charity as they were sent from hence. . . . The adventurers for the charges disburse in setting them forth, which, coming to twelve pounds, they require one hundred and fifty of the best leaf tobacco for each of them. . . . Their own good deserts, together with your favour and care, will, we hope, marry them all unto honest and sufficient men.'"[32]

"Nicholas Ferrar listed most of the women sent to Virginia in 1621 aboard the ships Marmaduke, Warwick and Tiger. They included such typically English names as Lettice King, Joane Haynes, Anne Rickard or Richards, Elizabeth Grinbey, Allice Burges, Allice Goughe, Ann Tanner and Allice Grove."[33]

Arrived Jamestown May 1620:
Sailed from London August 1621:
Departed "the Thames" mid-September 1621:
The marriageable women aboard these ships might be found on compiled passenger lists of different dates, as the lists are compiled based on dates of arrival given in the 1624/5 muster, and multiple dates for the same voyage are sometimes found there. It should also be noted that compiled passenger lists show a woman's married name at the time of the 1624/5 muster, which was not necessarily the name she had when she sailed.

Jonathan (1620)

Counting passengers aboard both the Jonathan and the London Merchant, 90 women sent.[28] Following are women shown as having arrived aboard the Jonathan in the 1624/5 muster.[34]
  1. Temporance Hodgskines, under the muster of Nicholas Hodgskins[34]
  2. Isbell Pratt, servant to Richard Kingsmell[34]
  3. Idye Halliers, a maid servant to Robert ffisher[34]
  4. Ester Ederife, a maid servant to Capt William Pierce[34]
  5. Sisley, wife of Allexander Bradway[34]
  6. Susan, Robert Greenleafe[34]

London Merchant (1620)

Counting passengers aboard both the Jonathan and the London Merchant, 90 women sent.[28] Following are women shown as having arrived aboard the London Merchant in the 1624/5 muster.[35]
  1. Mary Rowe, under the muster of John Haney[35]
  2. Ann Potter, under the muster of John Ward[35]
  3. Dorythie Wethersbie, under the muster of Bartholemew Wethersbie and Richard Boulton[35]
  4. Maudlyn Sully, under the muster of Mr. William Julian[35]
  5. Alice Longe, under the muster of Richard Longe[35]
  6. [name not given], wife of John Day[35] - maybe not sent as possible wife (John aboard 1620 London Merchant also)
  7. Mary Peeters, servant to Richard Biggs[35] - probably not sent as possible wife - 16 at 1624/5 muster
  8. Ellin Cooke, servant to Robert Partin[35]
  9. Susan, wife of John Hall[35]
  10. Ursula ffrier, wife of George ffrier[35]
  11. Isbell, wife of Richard Bridgwatter[35]
  12. Margrett, wife of Thomas Jones[35]
  13. Ann, wife of Henry Coltman[35]
  14. Dorothy, wife of Richard Taylor[35]
  15. Mary, wife of Christopher Branch[35] - maybe not sent as possible wife - muster notes '"in the same Shipp" as husband'

Marmaduke (1621)

Twelve women sent aboard the Marmaduke, sailed August 1621 (one widow and eleven maids), four of them can be found in the 1624/25 Jamestown Muster.[28][36]
  1. Adria/Audrey Hoare, married Thomas Harris[28]
  2. Ann, married Nicholas Baly[37]
  3. Katharine, married Robert Fisher[28]
  4. Anna, married Thomas Doughty[28]
  5. Ann Tanner, daughter of Clement Tanner (possibly one of the Ann's just mentioned?)[38]
  6. Ursula Larson[39]

Warwick (1621)

Counting passengers aboard both Warwick and the Tiger, 38 women sent.[28] Following are women shown as having arrived aboard the Warwick in the 1624/5 muster.[40]
  1. Brigget Wilkines, under the muster of John Wilkines[40][41]
  2. Elizabeth, under the muster of Walter Ely[40]
  3. Elizabeth Downeman, under the muster of John Downeman[40]
  4. Elizabeth Bygrave, servant to William Harwood[40]
  5. Ann, wife of John Jackson[40]
  6. Elizabeth,[42] wife of Thomas Gates (not the Governor).
  7. Ann, wife of John Stoaks[40]
  8. Ellin, wife of Michaell Batt[40]
  9. Sarah, wife of Edward ffisher[40]
  10. Margaret, wife of Ezekiah Raughton[40]

Tiger (1621)

Counting passengers aboard both the Warwick and the Tiger, 38 women sent.[28]
  1. Joane, wife of Humfrey Kent (1602-1655), is said to have been one.[43]
  2. Joane, wife of Thomas Palmer, might be another,[43] but the 1624/5 muster notes that they arrived in the sam ship (the Tyger, November 1621).[44]

McCartney

Martha McCartney's book represents the latest research on early Virginia immigrants and she includes information that she found in primary sources about several of the "young marriageable women" that the Virginia Company sent to Virginia.[45]
  • Martha Baker, arrived 1621 aboard the Warwick [Martin Baker, 24 April 1635 seen in preview - snippit view not available], page 103[45]
  • Elizabeth Blewitt, daughter of Capt. Benjamin Blewitt, came to Virginia in 1621 [seen in preview - snippit view not available], page 141[45]
  • Margaret Bordman, arrived 1621 aboard the Marmaduke, 20 years old, born in Bilbon, Yorkshire; both parents were dead; "Sir John Gypson of Yorkshire was identified as a maternal uncle; before sailing, she had been "in service to Captain Wood. Wood's wife and a Mrs. Kilbancks vouched for Margaret's character", page 146[45]
  • Elizabeth Bouish, 20 years old, arrived 1621 aboard the Warwick, daughter of Edith Smith (widow of Bouish), who "recommended her to the Virginia Company and vouched for her character", page 146[45]
  • Ellen Borne, a 19-year-old orphan, "set sail" in September 1621 aboard the Warwick; born in Ay, Suffolk, she was recommended to the Virginia Company by Mr. and Mrs. Hobson, page 146[45]
  • Cisley/Cicley Bray, came to Virginia aboard the Warwick, September 1621 [preview; additional information not viewable], page 155[45]
  • Frances Broadbottom, came to Virginia aboard the Warwick, September 1621 [preview; additional information not viewable], page 160[45]
  • Elizabeth Brown/e, 16 years old, arrived 1621 aboard the Tiger [preview; additional information not viewable], page 163[45]
  • Barbara Burchens (Burgens?), came to Virginia aboard the Warwick, September 1621 [preview; additional information not viewable], page 173; possibly the Barbara Burges (Burchens?) killed at Powle-Brooke on 22 March 1622 (page 174)[45]
  • Alice (Allice) Burges, 28 years old, born in Linton, Cambridgeshire, arrived aboard the Marmaduke in 1621; her parents were dead; her late father and a brother were husbandmen & Virginia Company records listed "country work" among her skills; prior to sailing, she had lived with Mr. Collins ("a silk-weaver at White Chapel Church") and with Mr. Deemer (a goldsmith in Trinity Lane), page 174[45][46]
  • Bridget (Bridgett) Cross (Crosse), arrived 1621 aboard the Warwick [preview; additional information not viewable], page 234[45]
  • Jane Dier (Dyer) [preview; additional information not viewable], page 258[45]
  • name not in preview [additional information not viewable], page 265[45]
  • "Ellen... William Dry on February 16, 1624" [preview; additional information not viewable], page 267[45]
  • Joan (Egerton) Fletcher, widow, daughter of John Egerton, "reportedly was the niece of Ralph Egerton", sailed August 1621 aboard the Marmaduke but disembarked at Isle of Wight, England "and decided not to continue her journey" (her trunk had been loaded aboard the Margaret; Ann Buergen was sent in her place), page 303[45]
  • Ann Buergen, sent in place of Joan (Egerton) Fletcher, presumably aboard the Marmaduke in 1621, page 303[45]
  • Elizabeth Grimley, 26 years old, came to Virginia aboard the Warwick, September 1621 [preview; additional information not viewable], page 347[45]
  • Jeane Grundye (Grundie), "went to Virginia in 1621 on the Warwick, with her mother's consent" [preview; additional information, if any, not viewable], page 349[45]
  • Ann Harmar (Harmer), 21 years old, arrived 1621 aboard the Marmaduke; she "left behind five brothers and two sisters", her father "was a gentleman of good reputation", her mother was a Kempton, two cousins (Mr. Underhill & Mr. Farblow) were grocers, page 364[45]
  • Ausle Hawkins, arrived 1621 aboard the Warwick; her "father was a draper at Shashire" (perhaps referring to Cheshire or Shropshire), her "mother reportedly brought her to the ship", page 378[45]
  • Audry (Audrey) Hoare, arrived 1621 aboard the Marmaduke [preview; additional information not viewable], page 391[45]
  • Ann (Anne) Jackson, sailed August 1621 from Portsmouth, England aboard the Marmaduke, daughter of William, "described in Company records as an honest man, was a gardener in Tuttleside... in the Westminster area of London", bound for Martin's Hundred "to join her brother John Jackson", a bricklayer; she was one of the 19 women carried off 22 March 1622 and was "probably the girl named Jackson" in John's household on 16 February 1624 [1624/5], and whom John promised "the justices of the General Court" in January 1629 that "he would 'keep her safe' and see that she was provided passage back to England", page 414 [45]
  • Ursula Larson, arrived 1621 aboard the Marmaduke, page 454[45][39]
  • not named in preview, 20 years old [additional information not viewable], page 553[45]
  • ...Pearson (Peerson), arrived aboard the Warwick [preview; additional information not viewable], page 542[45]
  • not named in preview, arrived 1621; on 24 January 1625, the Pott household... included Dr. and Mrs. Pott and four servants [preview; additional information not viewable], page 570[45]
  • not named in preview, which has the potentially unrelated statement: "In November 1621 the Virginia Company extended John Pountis's appointment as... [additional information not viewable], page 572[45]
  • Lucy Remnant, "one of the marriageable young maide the Virginia Company sent to the colony in September 1621, set sail for Virginia aboard the..." [preview; additional information not viewable], page 597[45]
  • Ann Richards, born in St. Sepulcher's Parish [preview; additional information, if any, not viewable], page 599[45]
  • Christian Smith (Smyth), orphan, 1621 and Capt. John Smith mentioned [in preview; additional information not viewable], page 644[45]
  • Ann Tanner, set sail August 1621 aboard the Marmaduke, born in Chelmsford, Essex, daughter of Clement Tanner, a husbandman, cousin of Thomas Tanner, a Newgate saddler; recommended to the Virginia Company by "John Plummer of Rosemary Lane", page 682[45]
  • Fortune Taylor, came to Virginia aboard the Warwick in September 1621 "when she was 18 years old"; her uncles, "Mr. Barbor from East Summerfield... and Mr. Baker from East Smithfield", vouched for her character; on 16 February 1624 [1624/5] she was a servant in the "urban Jamestown" household of Dr. John Pott, page 684[45]

Wifely Skills

As Stephanie Castellano says in her article about women brewers in colonial America, the Tobacco Brides "all carried letters of recommendation that vouched for their 'good bringing up' and their skills in 'huswifery'; that is, chores such as brewing, baking, spinning, sewing, and making butter and cheese."[46]
"Making alcohol was one of the most critical skills the women were expected to perform," says Castellano, noting that Allice Burges' letter "recommended her beer-making skills".[46] One of her brothers and her late father were husbandmen; Virginia Company records "indicate that Alice Burges could brew, bake, and make malt, and was skillful in 'country work' - probably chores such as milking and tending livestock."[47]

Timeline

NOTE: This is "by memory". I'll need to come back & add sources/check accuracy (I have notoriously bad memory). ~ Noland-165 17:20, 14 April 2021 (UTC)
  • 1606: Virginia Company of London, 1st Charter
  • 1607: 1st settlers arrive in Jamestown
  • 1612: P. Erondelle, a French school master, is living London
  • 1612, 12 March: Peter Erundell is listed as one of those "...whoe since our said last lettres patent are become adventurers and have joined themselves with the former adventurers and planters of the said Companie and societie,..."[48]
  • 1617, October: Peter Arundell is given a receipt for shares in the Virginia Company (which is seems he sells to Thomas Roe in 1619/20 - see details on Peter's profile)
  • 16xx?: Peter Arundell arrives in Jamestown
  • 1620-22: Dates of arrival recorded in 1624/5 Jamestown Muster for passengers of the Abigail, which left London February 1620/21
  • 1620/21, February: Abigail departs London with 230 people aboard
  • 1621, about May: Based on 3- to 4-month trip, the Abigail, which set sail February 1620/21, arrives in Virginia
  • 1621, before 15 December: Captain Mansell, son-in-law of Peter Arundell dies in Virginia (per letter of this date from Peter in Virginia to Sir Edwin Sandys)
  • 1623, 15 April: Letter from Peter Arundell to Mr. John Farrar, in which he shares the concern that he does not have enough provisions to live, mentions eldest son John and asks Farrar "to deal charitably with my young children."
  • 1624, November: Peter Arundell is granted a patent for 200 acres
  • 1624/5, before 7 February: Peter Arundell is listed as dead in the Jamestown Muster taken that date at beyond Hampton River (BHR)[15]

Sources

The following are some sources from John Arundell's profile that may be of interest:
  • Jamestowne Society: Arunell, John - A211; Elizabeth City Co.: 1633 (Burgess). accessed 11 April 2021
  • William G. Stanard, The Colonial Virginia Register: A List of Governors, Councillors and Other..., page 59.
  • Personal correspondence of Peter naming John his eldest son (posted here, accessed 12 April 2021).
  • John Camden Hotten, The Original Lists of Persons of Quality; Emigrants; Religious Exiles..., pages 35-36.
  • Jamestowne Society's Living-Dead list
See also:
  • Jennifer Potter, The Jamestown Brides, London: Atlantic Books, 2018.[49]
Footnotes
  1. ↑ For example, see Wikipedia's article on the London Company and its list of sources and links.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wikipedia: Tobacco brides (accessed 14 April 2021).
  3. ↑ The red mulberry is native to Virginia. The non-native white mulberry, which is more desirable for silk production, was not imported from China until the 1700s. Source: Virginia Department of Forestry's "Common Native Trees of Virginia" (pdf, page 79, 81 of 140, accessed 14 April 2021), which notes that "silk production here was never successful."
  4. ↑ Rogers Dey Whichard, History of Lower Tidewater Virginia (1959), archive.org, full text copy (accessed 12 April 2021).
  5. ↑ From comment (14 April 2021), citing Kingsbury
  6. ↑ Jamestown Muster, search for beyond Hampton River Beinge the Companyes land (Hamptons on page 3 of results).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Research of Shawn Potter, posted 1 August 2000 in genealogy.com, "Peter Arundell, d. 1625, VA--who was he?" (accessed 12 April 2021).
  8. ↑ Virbritt and Oble Hero, shown together as "head" at beyond Hampton River, Elizabeth City in the 1624/5 Jamestown Muster, are not listed at Bucke Row (or elsewhere) in Hotten's 1623/4 lists, although "two Frenchmen" are listed among the living at Elizabeth City in the Jamestowne Society's 1623/4 List of Living and Dead.
  9. ↑ Potter, citing Kingsbury, vol iv, p. 230.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 John Camden Hotten, The Original Lists of Persons of Quality; Emigrants; Religious Exiles..., pages 183-184
  11. ↑ Buckroe Historical Marker
  12. ↑ Jamestown Muster: Abigail search results, Arrundell search results
  13. ↑ Space: Abigail, sailed 1620-1622
  14. ↑ According to Virginia Company records, it sent 230 settlers to Virginia aboard the Abigail, which left London in February 1620/21. By the time of the 1624/5 Muster, only about 60 people are recorded as having arrived aboard the Abigail - 10 (probably more) were living at the Buckroe settlement the previous year. (The "probably more" is because those who died before the 1624/5 muster did not have their arrival recorded.) Only a quarter or so surviving (60 out of 230) seems remarkable - at first glance, because the death rate is so high. However, it is remarkable because the survival rate is so high. According to "Jamestown: English Settlers in the Land of the Powhatan" (accessed 17 April 2021):
    "Prosperity did not come quickly, however, and the death rate from disease and Indian attacks remained extraordinarily high. Between 1607 and 1624 approximately 14,000 people migrated to the colony, yet by 1624, there were only 1,132 living there."
    That means only about one-twelth of those who came to Virginia before 1625 survived. Looking at deaths between 1620 and the 1624/5 muster would give a clearer idea of the death rate those aboard the Abigail might have faced, but a quarter surviving seems pretty good by comparison to the overall chance of survival 1607-1624.
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.30 15.31 Legend for Table
    • BHR: beyond Hampton River Beinge the Companyes land, Elizabeth Cittie
    • BR: Bucke Row (the note "not BR" means the person was not listed there in the 1623/4 muster)
    • PH: Peirseys Hundred, Charles Cittie
  16. ↑ Ambrose is listed with "Joyse Gyffith aged 20 in the Jacob 1624".
  17. ↑ Jamestown Muster: Deaths, Mr Peeter Arndell
  18. ↑ Hotten, page 262, shows Peter "Arndel" in the list of the dead "beyond Hampton River" in the muster.
  19. ↑ See Wikipedia: Elias Legarde
  20. ↑ The 1624/5 Muster lists a servant of "Mr Bonales" among the dead at beyond Hampton River - perhaps this James? Other speculation is that his name changed, but the only thing close that I found in the online Muster (searching for B% James) is "James Bonner", but he doesn't fit - age 20 & arrived in 1623 aboard the Truelove, a servant to Nathaniell Cawsey at Jordan's Journey, Charles City.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 See Hotten, pages 261-262. John Hanie appears under the muster of Robart Thrasher, apparently as a separate household, consisting of John Haney (27) in the Margett & John 1621, Elizabeth Hanie in the Abigall 1622, Nicholas Rowe in the Elzabeth 1621, & Mary Rowe in the London Marchant 1620, followed by servants Thomas Moreland & Ralph Hoode, both of whom are listed as 19 (in 1624/5) and in the Abigall 1621. The online Jamestown Muster shows John Haney as head of the Haney household, not Thrasher (search for beyond Hampton River Beinge the Companyes land).
  22. ↑ Jamestown Muster: Rowe search
  23. ↑ Maybe Richard Althrop= Richard Alford, servant (aged 26) at Capt Roger Smith's plantation? Or Salford-20?
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Two William Hampton/Joane Hampton entries:
    1. William (40, in Bona Nova, 1620) and Joane (25, in Abigail, 1621) are listed under the muster of Edward Waters.
    2. William (34, in the Bona Nova, 1621) and Joane (no additional info), with John Arndell under "William Hampton his MUSTER" (just before entry for "Anthonie Bonall his MUSTER")
  25. ↑ A male Hampton is not listed among the living or dead at Buckroe's 1623/4 muster, but "vx" is "wife", not "widow", so perhaps he was back in England for some reason?
  26. ↑ Humfrey's wife Joan Kent her sister?
  27. ↑ Invasive Plant Factsheet: White Mulberry Morus alba (Master Gardeners of Northern Virginia, accessed 18 April 2021).
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 28.7 28.8 28.9 Rev. Edward D. Neill, "Notes on American History", New England Historical and Genealogical Register 30 [1876], "IX. English Maids for Virginia Planters" (page 410).
  29. ↑ Links to explore for more information about Jamestown women:
  30. ↑ Copied from Isabel's profile 26 September 2021 - with the following citation:
  31. ↑ The possible relationship of Richard Pace and Ursula Clawson is explored in David Edmund Pace's The Man Who Foiled a Jamestown Massacre: The Life and Times of Richard Pace of Pace's Paines (Paragon Publishing, 18 Oct 2016), see pages 8-11 (accessed 28 September 2021).
  32. ↑ Excerpt from: THE ENGLISH COLONIZATION OF AMERICA During the Seventeenth Century By Edward D. Neill Strahan & Co., Publishers:56 Ludgate Hill, London: 1871 Footnotes on pages 155-156 (posted by Roney-588 on the profile for Humfrey Kent).
  33. ↑ From a Google search (with no link to click on!), dated 16 June 1991
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 Jamestown Muster: Jonathan
  35. ↑ 35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 35.11 35.12 35.13 35.14 35.15 London Marchannt, London Marchant
  36. ↑ Jamestown Muster: Marmaducke, Marmaduke, Marmiducke
  37. ↑ Hotten, page 216
  38. ↑ McCartney, Martha W. Virginia Immigrants and Adventurers 1607-1635: A Biographical Dictionary (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2007). Google Books, page 682 (accessed 19 May 2020).
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 McCartney, Virginia Immigrants... (page 454, accessed 24 September 2021).
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.9 Jamestown Muster: Warwick, Warwicke
  41. ↑ Hotten, page 265, shows Brigget Wilkines (age 20, in the Warwicke, 1621) and John Wilkines (26, in the Mary gould, 1618) under his muster. Another John Wilkines is shown as a servant under John Blore's muster (the previous page) & another as "DEAD in this Plantation 1624" (bottom of p 265). There is a WikiTree profile for John Wilkins (abt.1598-1650).
  42. ↑ Hotten, John Camden, Editor. The Original Lists of Persons of Quality; Emigrants' Religious Exiles; … and others who went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700. John Camden Hotten: London, 1874. Reprinted Empire State Book Co., New York. page Page 232.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Jamestown Muster: Tiger, Tyger search
  44. ↑ Hotten, page 210.
  45. ↑ 45.00 45.01 45.02 45.03 45.04 45.05 45.06 45.07 45.08 45.09 45.10 45.11 45.12 45.13 45.14 45.15 45.16 45.17 45.18 45.19 45.20 45.21 45.22 45.23 45.24 45.25 45.26 45.27 45.28 45.29 45.30 45.31 45.32 McCartney, Virginia Immigrants... (search results, for "marriageable", 24 September 2021).
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Stephanie Castellano, ""The Brides 'Imported' to Colonial America for Their Brewing Skills" (posted 30 September 2021; accessed 18 October 2021).
  47. ↑ McCartney, page 174, entry for Alice (Allice) Burges.
  48. ↑ Third Virginia Charter (text & citation from his profile, 14 April 2021)
  49. ↑ See Amazon for more information about The Jamestown Brides (accessed 7 March 2023).






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Noland-165 Liz (Noland) Shifflett
I'm back to thinking that the Elizabeth Hanie in the 1624/5 muster, listed in the household of John Haney (27), is Peter Arundell's daughter. The Elizabeth Arundell with Richard Arundell listed as servants in George Yearley's muster are probably Peter's widow and son.
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Strutton-11 Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
Peter Arundell arrived in Virginia on the ship Abigall which sailed from London in February 1620/21. https://archive.org/details/recordsofvirgini03virg/page/238/mode/2up?q=abigall 230 persons were aboard, including all of Peter's family, except daughter Joane. At least one, daughter Margaret, is listed as arriving in 1620, but this is a confusion of the dates between Old and New. Also on board the Abigaile in 1620/21 was Richard Arundell, found in the 1623/24 and 1624/25 musters in the household of Sir George Yeardley Kt, of James City. After Peter's death, possible daughter Elizabeth (or widow) is also in Sir George's household.

We don't need to worry that young son John traveled to Virginia in charge of his younger sister Margaret. They all -- Peter, John, Elizabeth, Margaret, Richard Arundell -- came on the same ship at the same time, Abigaile in Feb 1620/21. I think Peter and four of his five children were on that ship. Daughter Joane Arundell Kent, came on the Tyger. Thoughts?

Or it could have been Peter, wife Elizabeth, and three of four children.

posted by Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
edited by Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
Noland-165 Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Thanks for keeping me honest! I've removed my thought that John Hainey's wife in the 1624/5 muster was Elizabeth Arrundell, daughter of Peter.

The 1624/5 muster (taken at "beyond Hampton River" on 7 Feb. 1624; earlier elsewhere) has several arrival dates for people aboard the Abigail, from 1620 to 1622. Do we know of other voyages of the Abigail ?

Hotten says she sailed from London on February 1620/1. Assuming a 3- to 4-month voyage, that sailing, with 230 settlers aboard, would have landed about May 1621.

Shawn Potter's research (posted on genealogy.com) has the following... was the court held at Sandys house in England then? For some reason I presumed Virginia. Or was it Virginia & Peter returned to England to collect his family (leaving a daughter, wife of Capt Mansell in Virginia)?

from https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/arundell/22/ -

Susan Myra Kingsbury, editor, "The Records of The Virginia Company of London," (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1933), vol i, pp. 298-309
"A Preparative Court Held for Virginia at Sir Edwin Sandys' House Ye Last of January, 1619 [1619/20] Present: ... Mr. Peter Arundell ... Peter Arundell's petition to have his shares explained to be double shares referred to the auditors to view his business how it stands and report it to the court."

____________________

Kingsbury, vol i, pp. 309, 310.

"February Ye 16th, 1619 [1619/20] Five shares formerly given by Sir Thomas Roe, Knt., to Peter Arundell, which were confirmed unto him in a court held the first of October 1617.The said Peter Arundell in consideration of a certain sum of money paid unto him by the said Sir Thomas Roe hath resigned the said five shares unto the said Sir Thomas Roe, which auditors having allowed were by this court confirmed.

posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
edited by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Strutton-11 Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
I have only been able to find one sailing of the Abigaile to Virginia, that of Feb 1620/21. Next mention I found of a ship Abigaile (and I don't know if it's the same one) is 1635 to New England.

The meeting at Sir Edwin's house was in England, Jan 1619/20. The Arundells and the other wine growing experts all sailed on the Abigaile in Feb 1620/21.

Edit: My research leads me to believe there was only one sailing of the Abigaile, 1620/21. And I think the ship categories for Abigaile, 1620, 1621, 1622, should all be combined into one category.

posted by Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
edited by Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
Noland-165 Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Thanks Shirley!! I think we're making headway. I need to run errands today, but I should be able to consolidate the multiple ship categories later today. I've added a rough timeline and re-ordered text to be more chronological. BTW, Peter's profile looks great!
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Strutton-11 Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
Glad you like Peter's profile. I'm going to do some work on daughter Joane, if I can find anything more. Really would like to find more info on supposed first husband Captain Mansell.
posted by Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
Noland-165 Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Abigail or Abigaile? I'm inclined toward Abigail, based on Kingsbury. Also, should we use "sailed 1621" (new style in title) or "sailed 1620-1622" in title & explain in text?
posted by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Strutton-11 Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)
Abigail probably best. I didn't see many uses of Abigaile. Since there are the differences in dates in various records, if we only use "sailed 1621" in the title, people will try to add separate categories for the other dates. So "sailed 1620-1622" in title.
posted by Shirley Ann (Strutton) Dalton (1943-2023)

Categories: Abigail, sailed 1620-1622 | Jamestown Colony