Henry Percy KG KB (1364 - 1403)

Born 20 May 1364 in England

Ancestors

Descendants

Died 21 Jul 1403 at age 39 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England

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Biography

Titles of Henry "Hotspur" Percy (Royal Ancestry)

Justice of Chester, North Wales, and Flintshire

Warden of the East March, 1384, 1388, 1393, 1396, 1399

Warden of the West March, 1390

Sheriff of Northumberland, 1399-1400

King's Lieutenant in North and South Wales, 1402

Captain of Berwick-on-Tweed

Sir Henry "Harry" Percy ... better known as "Hotspur" was born c. 1364 or 1366 in either Northumberland or Yorkshire.^[1] He was killed at Shrewsbury fighting against his King, 21 Jul 1403.^[2]

While most of Hotspur's military campaigns targeted Scotland, Cawley (2006) states that both Hotspur and his father tried to, "depose Richard II. ... but relations with Henry IV deteriorated until he was in open rebellion, claiming the throne for his wife's nephew Edmund Mortimer."

After Hotspur died on the battle field, he was written off as a traitor in January of 1404 ... leading to the forfeit of his lands. Worse yet, he was exhumed from Whitchurch in Shropshire to be put on display.^[3]

Hotspur's head was impaled on a city gate in York. The rest of his body was quartered, and divided between "London, Newcastle upon Tyne, Bristol, and Chester," before his wife finally recovered them. She eventually reburied him in November 1403 at York Minster. ^{[1][4] [3]}

Monument to Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy at York Minster

Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy was killed by an arrow to the head at the Battle of Shrewsbury, July 21, 1403. At the king's order, his head was displayed on a pike over York's Micklegate. He has a wall tablet and monument at York Minster in York in the Lady Chapel.

Note: An e-mail was sent June 19, 2006 to Alton Rogers from Nikki at Dean and Chapter York Minster regarding Henry "Hotspur" Percy and his association with York Minster: "Henry Percy does have a wall tablet and monument here at York Minster in the Lady Chapel. However, he was not buried here. In 1403 he joined his uncle, Thomas Percy Earl of Worcester in rebellion against Henry IV, joining forces with the Welsh rebel Owain Glyndwr. He was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury when he lifted his visor to get some water, by an arrow through the mouth. An example was made of Hotspur and he was quartered and his body parts were sent all around England as a warning. His head was stuck on a pole at York's gates. Unfortunately, I have no information as to the final resting place of his body parts...."

Titles

• Apr 1377: knighted by Edward III with the future Richard II and Henry IV, who were almost exactly his own age.^[5]

• K.G.; K.B. and many high offices.^[5]
  • Knight of the Garter - 1366. Possibly degraded 1407.^[6]

Parents

Henry de Percy and Margaret de Neville m. 12 Jul 1358 Brancepeth, Durham. Issue:^[3]

• Thomas
• Ralph
• Isolda
• Henry (Hotspur)
• Margaret
• Alan^[7][3]

Marriage

m. ante 10 Dec 1379 ELIZABETH Mortimer. Issue: 2^[8]

• Henry (1393-1455). succeeded grandfather as Earl of Northumberland, Constable of England.^[7]

• Elizabeth (d.26 Oct 1437).

m.1y 1403/12 JOHN de Clifford Lord Clifford^[9]

m.2 (contract 7 May 1426, dispensation after marriage 28 Nov 1426) as his first wife, RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland^[10]

Military

1385: attended Richard II on his expedition to Scotland ^[5]

1387: commanded a squadron at sea against the French ^[5]

1388: Captured at Battle of Otterburn^[11][12]

1401: acted with Henry, Prince of Wales, in the Welsh campaign ^[5]

1402: Battle of Homildon a victory over the Scots ^[5]

1403: Although Hotspur initially supported the Lancastrians, in 1403 Hotspur, with his father Thomas Percy, and Owen Glendower^[13] and Sir Edmund de Mortimer tried to dethrone Henry IV. Henry triumphed at Shrewsbury, and Hotspur was slain. ^[1]

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} b. 20 May 1364 Alnwick (Wikipedia:Henry Hotspur Percy; "year and place of his birth are unknown; he may have been born in either Northumberland or Yorkshire, in either 1364 or 1366" (Alnwick Castle, n.d.)
2. ↑ Battle of Shrewsbury
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3} Cawley, C. (n.d.) Medieval Lands v.3. fmg.ac
4. ↑ Thomas & Potter, 1822
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5} Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (Vol IV, pp. 355), n.d.
6. ↑ Knights of the Garter (Heraldica list)
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} ' Sir Henry Percy, 5th Lord Percy, Constable of England. http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com
8. ↑ p. EDMUND [III] Mortimer Earl of March and Philippa of Clarence [Usk, Monmouthshire 12 Feb 1371 - 20 Apr 1417; bur. Trotton, Sussex] (fmg.ac)
9. ↑ Father: THOMAS de Clifford Lord Clifford and Elizabeth de Ros (1388 - d. in battle Meaux 13 Mar 1422).
10. ↑ p. JOHN Neville Lord Neville and Elizabeth de Holand (1406-1484); Elizabeth Percy. http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com
11. ↑ Froissart, 1910
12. ↑ King, 2002. See Space: Northumbrian Casualties and Prisoners of War 1296–1402
13. ↑ (1359?-1416?, a Welsh leader who revolted against Henry IV in 1400)

• Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. IV. page 175
• Royal Ancestry Vol. IV p. 355-357
• Kings in the North - the House of Percy in British History by Alexander Rose 2002
• TAG 275 Vol. 69 No. 3 July 1994
• Beltz, George. Memorials of the Order of the Garter (William Pickering, London, 1841) Page 314-23
• Cawley, C. (2006) Medieval Lands v.3. fmg.ac.
• Collins, A. & Egerton, B. (1812). "Percy, Duke of Northumberland." Collins's Peerage of England Genealogical, Biographical, and Historical, (Vol. II, 217-366). London: Printed for F.C. and J. Rivington, Otridge and Son. Print.
• Froissart, J. (1910). "The Battle of Otterburn." The Chronicles of Froissart. John Bourchier, Lord Berners, translator. Harvard Classics. NY: P. F. Collier & Son Company. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/froissart-full.asp
• History of Alnwick Castle. www.alnwickcastle.com
• King, A. (2002). ‘According to the custom used in French and Scottish wars': Prisoners and casualties on the Scottish Marches in the fourteenth century. Journal of Medieval History, 28(3). doi: 10.1016/S0048-721X(02)00057-X-T0001.
• Richardson, D. (2013). Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (Vol IV, pp.355 #12- 357). Kimball G. Everingham, Ed. Salt Lake City, UT: N.p. amazon.com.
• "Sir Henry 'Hotspur' Percy." http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com. (See Magna Carta Sureties under Notable People)
• "Sir Henry Percy, Lord Percy". www.thepeerage.com. Citing:
• Cokayne, et al., (2000). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, (Vol. XII/2, pp. 550; Vol. IX, pp.712). Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing
• Weir, A. (1999). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, (pp.95). London: The Bodley Head.
• Rose, A. (2002). Kings in the North: The House of Percy in British History. N.p.
• Richardson, D. (n.d.). Plantagenet Ancestry, (pp.577-10)
• Richardson, D. (n.d.). Magna Carta Ancestry, (pp.654-10).
• Thomas, T. & Potter, J. (1822). Memoirs of Owen Glendower, (Owain Glyndwr): With a Sketch of the History of the Ancient Britons, from the Conquest of Wales by Edward the First, to the Present Time. Google eBook. Wales. Accessed 16 April 2014.
• Weis, F.L. (1999). The Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, (5th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. amazon.com.