| Arthur Howland migrated to New England during the Puritan Great Migration (1621-1640). (See The Directory, by R. C. Anderson, p. 171) Join: Puritan Great Migration Project Discuss: pgm |
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Based on historical records, including Drapers' company records and probate records, it is likely that Arthur Howland was born around 1590 as the son of Henry Howland from Fenstanton. Therefore, our research cannot determine when Arthur's father, Henry, moved to Fenstanton or if any of his other siblings were born there or elsewhere.
Confusion on the internet arises due to the misidentification of the baptismal record. Some incorrectly link the baptismal record of January 16, 1602/03, in Holy Trinity, Ely, Cambridge, England to Arthur Howland, whereas it pertains to John Howland, the son of Henry Howland of Ely. There are no baptismal or birth records for Arthur Howland in the parish registers of Fenstanton. Despite the parish registers of Fenstanton starting in 1612, Bishop’s Transcripts for the years 1604–1605, 1608, and 1610 provide additional information beyond the existing original registers.[1]
A noted Mayflower passenger origins researcher, Caleb Johnson did find Howland families in nearby Cambridgeshire. He conclusively proved that the Henry Howland of Ely, Cambridgeshire, who had a son named John baptized in 1602/03, was not the same person as Arthur's father, Henry Howland of Fenstanton but rather likely a cousin to some extent.[1]
Johnson noted the presence of a Howland family in Horningsea, Cambridgeshire, from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. Since this family had a tradition of naming sons Henry and John, it is possible that this is the area where Henry, the father of Arthur, originally came from.[1]
Arthur Howland was the brother of John Howland of the Mayflower, Henry Howland, a Plymouth colonist, Humphrey Howland, a draper in London, Simon Howland, George Howland, and the sister Margaret (Howland) Phillips.[2] Humphry Howland's will mentions his brother Simon, his sister Margaret Phillips in England, and his three other brothers: Arthur, Henry, and John, who lived in New England. Humphrey also took charge of administering the estate belonging to his brother, George Howland.[3]
According to the Drapers' Company records, Humphrey is documented as the son of Henry Howland of Fen Stanton, although his mother's name is not specified.[4][5][6][7][8][9] Therefore, based on the evidence from the Drapers' Company records and Humphrey's will, it is evident that Arthur Howland was indeed the son of Henry Howland from Fenstanton.
DNA testing has confirmed that Arthur Howland shares genetic connections with both John Howland and Henry Howland, establishing them as sons of Henry Howland from Fenstanton.[10]
Some believe that Arthur Howland had two wives before marrying Margaret after 1640. Robert S. Wakefield and Robert M. Sherman published the article, "Arthur Howland of Plymouth, Mass., 1640" in the 71st volume of National Genealogical Society Quarterly in 1983, and they said, "He [Arthur Howland] married before 6 June 1643, possibly long before, either in England or in Plymouth, Margaret (—?—) Walker.... It would appear likely, based on a deed of 1663..., that the marriage occurred while Arthur and Margaret were still in England, and hence before 1640; but no supporting evidence has yet been found. Although Davis claims she must have been Howland's second wife, he provides no evidence and the authors have found nothing to indicate this in Plymouth Colony. Unfortunately we have no evidence to show that all of Arthur's children were born to Margaret, only for sure the youngest, Arthur Jr., but perhaps some or all of the others. In any event, Margaret married, first, probably in England, [—?—] Walker, by whom she had at least one child before 1628."[11]
However, in 2015, the Pilgrim John Howland Society Board voted to hire Mayflower scholar Caleb Johnson and British records researcher Simon Neal to conduct research. This research aimed to find more information on Arthur Howland's family. The book Henry Howland of Fenstanton, Huntingdonshire: Father of Mayflower Passenger John Howland by Caleb H. Johnson, which discusses Arthur Howland's family, is available online.[1] He said in the following words:
"Arthur Howland was born about 1591, and may have been the eldest son, although it is not possible to determine this conclusively since no baptism records exist. His age is estimated based on the fact he buried a child, Azariell, at St. Giles Cripplegate, London, on 31 December 1616, at which time he would have likely been about 25 years old. While no baptism or marriage records exist in this parish for any Howlands, the family burials are recorded, and his occupation (glover, leather dresser) is given in those. His wife Grace was buried there on 4 December 1635, with a marginal note “Excomuni,” suggesting either she or her husband (or both) had been excommunicated.[12] The names of some of his children that were buried (Azariell, Zoheth) hint he may have taken on some religious viewpoints that differed from the Church of England, which the excommunication record would seem to further confirm. The last family burial recorded at St. Giles Cripplegate, London, was 30 May 1639 for daughter Martha."
In 1663, a deed suggests information about Arthur's marriage to Margaret, indicating it took place in England, but no further evidence has been discovered. On May 19, 1663, Arthur Howland deeded twenty acres to his stepson, John Walker. This was in consideration of £17:14:10 paid by his wife, Margaret Howland, which she had given or promised to her son while she was a widow.[13] This suggests that Margaret was previously married to a man named a Walker in England before marrying Arthur Howland. Therefore, Arthur Howland married Margaret Walker, who had been widowed at some point between John Walker's birth and 1640. She must have been Arthur's second wife.[14] This is how John Walker came to be known as Arthur Howland's stepson by June 6, 1643.[15]
Confusion has arisen regarding whether Margaret's maiden name or her previous married name as Reed was mistakenly interpreted as Lydia Reed's mother. A 1643 agreement by John Walker, referred to as the "son-in-law of Arthur Howland," and Walker's marriage to Lydia Reed has been misinterpreted. This has led to the incorrect assumption that Margaret was Lydia Reed's mother and previously widowed as Reed before marrying Howland. However, Lydia Reed did not marry John Walker until 1654, eleven years after he was called the "son-in-law" of Arthur Howland. Clearly, her maiden name or married name cannot be Reed.
In the seventeenth century, the term 'son-in-law' had a broader meaning that encompassed stepsons as well. The deed dated May 19, 1663, confirms that John Walker was indeed the stepson of Arthur Howland. The deed explicitly refers to John Walker as the "son-in-law" of Arthur Howland, confirming his status as a stepson.
The deed read, "Arthur Howland Senir of the towne of Marshfield... in Consideration of moneyes payed for my use in old England by my wife Margarett Howland... which said some was given by the said Margaret in the time of her widdowhood unto her son John Walker..."[16]
In conclusion, the maiden name of Margaret, who married a Walker before marrying Arthur Howland, remains unknown. She never was Margaret Reed.
John, Arthur Howland's brother, sailed to the New World on the Mayflower in 1620, and Henry, another brother, possibly arrived as early as 1633, as he appeared on the Plymouth Freemen list in that year. However, Arthur was not listed alongside John and Henry in 1633.[17] After burying his daughter, Martha, in London on May 30, 1639, this marked the final record of his name in England. This indicates that he stayed in England from 1633 until he arrived in Plymouth Colony between 1639 and 1640.
In 1640, Arthur made his first appearance in New England.[18][19] The first known record of Arthur dates back to August 6, 1640, when he was identified as a planter in Duxbury, Plymouth Colony, as documented by Boston attorney Thomas Lechford.[20]
Records of Plymouth Colony suggest that before 1640 in England, Arthur, along with his brothers John and Henry, was a non-conformist, possibly a Puritan. Between August 6, 1640, and November 2, 1640, he moved from Duxbury in Plymouth Colony to Marshfield.[21][22] A grant of 50 acres of land and some meadows in the current location of Marshfield was given to him on November 2, 1640.[23]
He became a Plymouth Colony freeman on 1 March 1641/2.[24]
He did military service in 1642 in Lieut. Thomas' Co., Colonial Wars.
He was on the list of men able to bear arms in Marshfield in 1643.
On June 6, 1643, John Walker was referred to as the stepson of Arthur Howland, indicating a familial connection through marriage.[15] This suggests that Arthur Howland married his second wife, Margaret, in England around 1640. This marriage did not occur in Marshfield, Plymouth Colony, where their son, Arthur Howland, was born around 1642. She had been married to a Walker well before 1640.
On 5 November 1644, whereas "there was a suit commenced by Arthur Howland against Rob[er]te Mendam's wife brought for the said Arthur Howland out of England, and did not deliver them, but sold them, and converted the money to her own use, as was proved in court; and whereas the said Rob[er]te mendam hath authorized Thomas Clark, of the Eele River, to sell a parcel of land the said Rob[er]te Mendam hath at Duxborrow, viz. ten acres of upland, and two acres of meadow, the which the said Thomas Clark had performed for him, and made sale thereof unto Will[ia]m Hiller, of Duxborrow, for one Dutch cow, valued at six pounds, and hath confirmed the same unto the said Will[ia]m Hiller...; and that the said Arthur Howland commenced his suit as aforesaid by attaching the said cow," the court granted judgment upon the cow to Howland, and confirmed the land to Hiller.[25]
Three hundred acres of upland in Marshfield were granted on 2 July 1638 to Capt. Myles Standish and Mr. John Alden, “lying on the north side of South River, bounded on the east by Beaver Pond, and on the west by a brook,” which later for a consideration of £21 sterling was conveyed to Arthur Howland (13 pounds in money and the balance in corn & cattle) on 20 January 1647[/8].[26][27]
On 20 January 1647[/8], "Mr. William Paddy of New Plymouth, merchant, in the behalf of Mr. Edmond Freeman Senior of Sandwidg, gent." sold to Mr. Arthur Howland of Marshfield, planter, "one half of a certain tract of upland and marsh meadow being estimated at about three hundred acres... which was formerly granted unto Captian Miles Standish and Mr. John Alden lying on the north side of South River."[28]
In 1650, Arthur Howland sued Walter Baker and won a verdict.[14]
Arthur Howland was in court on 7 October 1651 for not frequenting the public assemblies on the Lord's day.[14]
Arthur Howland's last public service was performed on 6 February 1654/5 with his nephew, John Howland, Jr, when he was foreman of a coroner's jury inquiring into the death of a boy named John Walker, apparently not his stepson of that name. The boy had been a servant of Robert Latham, and the jury decided that he had died from cruelty and hard usage, the evidence being distressed indeed.[14][29]
Arthur Howland had difficulties with Thomas Doggett over the bounds of the Freeman purchase, where he was then living. He petitioned that the court define the bounds on 3 July 1654. A surveyor was appointed and the matter did not reach an agreement until 3 July 1656.[14]
Arthur Howland was initially dissatisfied with the teachings of the Church of England and may have been labeled a non-conformist in England before 1640. This dissatisfaction continued in Plymouth Colony. And again, sometime in 1651, he was dissatisfied with the teachings of the Puritans.[14] By 1657, that's how he invited an itinerant Quaker into his home and became a member of the Society of Friends, the Quakers.[14] Although the Pilgrims left England to escape religious and other persecution, they were intolerant of other religions, particularly the Quakers, in Plymouth Colony. This intolerance led to the implementation of specific laws and punishments against anyone associated with Quakers. That brought troubles from the Puritan government toward Quakers.
On December 19, 1657, Robert Huchin, an itinerant Quaker, held a Quaker meeting at Arthur Howland's house. William Collyare saw their practices and went over to tell Capt. Josias Winslow about what he saw. Capt. Josias Winslow issued a warrant to John Phillips of Marshfield, the constable, to arrest Robert Huchin. After that, John Howland, Jr., went to warn Arthur Howland that Capt. Josias Winslow sent John Phillips of Marshfield, the constable, on his way to break up the gathering and arrest. Arthur Howland facilitated Huchin's escape. On Sunday, December 20, the constable went to Arthur Howland's house but found no one there. On Monday, December 21, Capt. Josias Winslow instructed John Phillips to go to Arthur Howland's house and inform him to appear the next day at the house of John Alden, the magistrate. He took Joseph Rogers and his brother with him and went over to Arthur Howland's house again. He found Robert Huchin inside Arthur Howland's house. He told Arthur Howland to appear personally tomorrow at John Alden's house to answer him why he entertained with the Quaker, suffered, and invited everyone to hear the Quaker in his house.[30] Although the constable was about to arrest Robert Huchin, Arthur Howland intervened and prevented the arrest. He pushed him out of his house and told him that he would have either a sword or a gun in his belly. Joseph Rogers refused to assist him in bringing him away, so he could not bring him away with him. John Phillips went down to the mills to get more assistance, and when he came up again, Robert Huchin was gone. The next day, December 22, Tuesday, he was given up and taken before Mr. John Alden, the magistrate.[14][31][32]
Arthur Howland was sentenced to give bonds to ensure his appearance at the upcoming General Court in Plymouth. However, he refused to give his own single bond, leading to his commitment to the custody of the chief Marshall and subsequent lodging in jail.[33]
His nephew, John Howland, Jr., was summoned to court for providing information to Arthur Howland and the Quaker group that gathered on December 19th, Sunday.[33]
On March 2, 1657/8, Arthur Howland was fined £9 for his conduct and was instructed to behave appropriately. While in jail, he wrote a document that he later presented to the court, containing his statements or defense. The magistrates determined that the document contained statements that were divisive, rebellious, and damaging to reputation. He was once more imprisoned for his refusal to settle the fines imposed. However, on June 1, 1658, he admitted his wrongdoing, leading to his release. Nevertheless, he continued to adhere to Quaker teachings.[14]
In 1669, he was again arrested for neglecting to pay his minister's tax, but due to his advanced age, he was excused from paying.[34]
Arthur Howland lived and died on his farm as did five generations of his descendants. He was buried on October 30, 1675, on his farm in Marshfield, Plymouth County, Plymouth Colony.[35][36] Margaret Howland, his widow, outlived him and passed away on October 23, 1683, in Marshfield. They are buried in unmarked graves.
On Winslow Cemetery Road in Marshfield, Massachusetts, there is a large monument honoring early settlers, including Arthur Howland, his wife Margaret, their daughter Mary, and her husband Timothy Williamson. Their daughter Mary and her husband Timothy Williamson are also included on the monument.
The children of Arthur and Grace (---) Howland:
The children of Arthur and Margaret (---) Walker Howland:
Regrettably, there are no baptism records for any of their children at St. Giles Cripplegate; however, only the burial records for their five children between 1616 and 1639 at St. Giles Cripplegate exist. The burial records indicate that all five children died in infancy or died young. The cause of their deaths is not specified in the records.
(Dated 3 July 1674; Exhibited 7 Mar 1675/6)
The last will and testament of Arthur Howland deceased exhibited to the Court holden at Plymouth the seaventh of March Anno Dom: sixteen hundred seventy-five, and ordered by the said Court to be recorded.
"In the name of God, Amen. I Arthur Howland of Marshfield in the colony of new Plymouth in New England yeoman, being weak of body but of sound and perfect memory, thanks to almighty goods for the same: knowing the uncertainty of this short life and being desirous to settle that outward estate that the Lord has lent me; I do make this my last will & testament in manner and form following: that is to say, first and principally I commend my soul to almighty God my creator expecting to receive full pardon of all my sinnes and salvation by Jesus Christ my redeemer and my body to the earth: to be buried in desent manner by my executrix hereinafter named as shall bee thought meet & convenient; and as concerning such worldly estate which the Lord has lent me my will and meaning is the same shall be employed and bestowed; as hereafter in and by this my will is expressed.
Imp. I do revoke and renounce all and make void all wills by me formerly made and declare and affirm this to be my last will and testament. Item. I will that all the debts I justly owe to all manner of persons whatsoever, shall be well and truly paid, or ordained to be paid in convenient time after my decease by my executrix hereafter named, except only the debt thirty schillings which I owe Edward Wanton, which said debt I will that the same be paid by Timothy Williamson in manner and time hereafter expressed.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my son Arthur Howland his heirs and assigns forever, fifty acres of upland and alsoe meddow to sufficient to keep six head of cattle which said land is now in the tenure and occupation of my said son Arthur, and lyeth next to John Moshers land, and runneth from the boundmark that the jury made, which the land of mee the said Arthur Howland and the said John Mosher to the Ridge N.E. and S.W.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my grandchild Amadiah Smith the full sum of five pounds to be paid him by the friends executors administrators and assigns of my dear wife Margarett Howland immediately after her decease.
Item. I give and bequeath unto the three brothers of the said Amadiah the sum of five pounds to be equally divided among them, and to be payd unto them by the persons appointed administrators or executors of my said wife immediately after my decease, and should any of the said children die before my said wife, my will is that the five pounds shall be equally divided betwixt the rest of them.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my daughter Mary Williamson, the sum of ten pounds to be payed her by the heires executors administrators or assigns of my said wife immediately after her decease.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my daughter Martha Damon, the sum of ten pounds to be payed her by the heires executors administrators or assigns of my said wife immediately after her decease.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my daughter Elizabeth Low the sum of ten pounds to be payed her by the heires executors administrators or assigns of my said wife immediately after her decease.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my wifes grandchild Mary Walker the sum of ten pounds to be payed her by the heires executors administrators or assigns of my said wife immediately after her decease.
Item. I give and bequeath unto my grandchild Timothy Williamson his heires and assigns forever after my said wifes decease a piece of meddow in the township of Marshfield above said, containing five acres, that lyeth between a certain creek that runs out of the river there and a great rock that stands in the grass, hee paying unto Edward Wanton his executors or assigns for the term of three years, the next after he comes to enjoy the said meddow the sum of ten shillings.
Item. I give and bequeath the full remainder of real and personal estate whatever it is or wherever it may be found unto my dear and noble souled wife Margaret Howland, and to her executors administrators and assigns forever.
And doe hereby constitute and appoint my wife sole executrix of this my last will and testament in witness thereof I the said Arthur Howland have here unto sett my hand and seal the third day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred seventy and four. Anno, Regni, Regus, Secundiment Langlea 26.
Signed sealed and published by Arthur Howland as his last will and testament in the presence of us. Edward Pelham, Resolved White; And was att time of the ensealing acknowledged before Josiah Winslow.
Memorandum that before signing this will by the testator hee Revoaked the bequeath of five acres of meddow, alsoe of meddow intended to have been given to his grandchild Timothy Williamson.[41]
The inventory of Arthur Howland's estate was taken and appraised on 11 December 1675 in Marshfield, Plymouth Colony.[42]
His widow's will was dated 19 January 1683/4, sworn 5 March 1683/4 and mentioned grandson John Walker; three grandchildren, sons of my son Arther: Ebenezer, Thomas and Arthur (not yet 21); residue to my son Arther Howland. Her estate was inventoried on 25 January 1683/4.
Y-DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Results
DNA results from the three Big Y-700 tests confirm that Arthur Howland belongs to the haplogroup R-FT62874 and carries the SNP R-FT62874. His haplotree lineage includes the following: R-M269 >> R-U106 >> R-Z8 > R-Z1 > R-Z344 > R-Z6 > R-A96 > R-S10415 > R-A9701 > R-A9703 > R-A9708 > R-FT62874.[43] For more details, refer to The Howland (Y-DNA) page of the Mayflower DNA Project and The Howland DNA project.
Three Howland patrilineal descendants (FTDNA kit #861275, FTDNA kit #934533, and FTDNA #93435) share two Y-DNA SNPs, which are identified as FT62411 and FT62874 on the R-FT62874 block level on the Y haplotree.
These two distinct SNPs emerged after Arthur Howland's birth and were inherited by his only son, Arthur Howland, Jr., and his male descendants. However, additional unique SNPs may have developed in the lineage of Arthur Howland, Jr.'s four sons.[44]
The two SNPs, FT62411 and FT62874, are verified in the Big Y test results of three individuals tracing their ancestry to Arthur Howland. However, individuals descended from Henry Howland, Jr. (FTDNA kit #B587043 and FTDNA kit #37929) and John Howland (FTDNA #248837 and FTDNA #677188) do not exhibit both unique SNPs in their genetic results.[10] Offically, two SNPs are grouped into a new clade, R-FT62874, under the clade of R-A9703.
These two SNPs trace a lineage through four generations: Arthur¹, Arthur², Jr., Thomas³, and Samuel⁴. Two SNPs prove that the relationship between Samuel Howland's two sons, Thomas Howland and Caleb Howland, was genetically related.
The patrilineal relationship is confirmed through Y-chromosome DNA STR and SNP testing. Anonymous Howland and Frank Howland match on 105 out of 111 markers and share 11 SNPs, as reported by Family Tree DNA. This confirms their direct paternal lines back to their most recent common ancestor, Henry Howland Sr.
A male descendant in the patrilineal line of Arthur Howland is encouraged to undergo Y-DNA SNP testing at Family TreeDNA to determine the presence of the two identified SNPs in this lineage.
The R-FT62874 Story
The paternal line of R-FT62874 diverged from the ancestor R-A9708 and the general human population around 1550 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the ancestor R-A9708 was born between the years 1340 and 1694 CE. The most likely estimate is 1542 CE, rounded to 1550 CE.[45]
The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 1800 CE. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup R-FT62874 was born between the years 1637 and 1886 CE. The most likely estimate is 1784 CE, rounded to 1800 CE, with possible variations in either direction.[45]
The most recent common ancestor is Samuel Howland (1711 - bef. 1797).
Y-DNA Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Marker Results Three patrilineal male descendants of Arthur Howland have shared one STR mutation in the 1-37 STR panel (from FTDNA): DYS464a=16.[46]
Identification of Arthur Howland
It is possible that Arthur Howland of this profile is identical to Arthur Howland, who was one of the recusants who willfully absented themselves from the Church of England. He was procceeded against indictment for recusancy. Here is the list as follows:
His three different residences at Finsbury, Grub Street, and Golding Lane are clearly near this parish of St. Giles Cripplegate, London, where his family burials are recorded between 1616 and 1639, and his occupation (glover, leather dresser) is given in those. Glovers' Hall used to be at EC2, Barbican - Cromwell Highwalk near this parish of St. Giles Cripplegate. The burial record shows his wife Grace was buried there on 4 December 1635, with a marginal note “Excomuni,” suggesting either she or her husband (or both) had been excommunicated. The names of some of his children that were buried (Azariell, Zoheth) hint he may have taken on some religious viewpoints that differed from the Church of England, which the excommunication record would seem to further confirm.
Arthur Howland, glover, who was indicted for recusancy, is identical to Arthur Howland, glover or leather dresser, who buried his family at St. Giles Cripplegate. Look at the Agas Map of the early modern London online to locate St. Giles Cripplegate and his three residences. The proximity and propinquity principles can allow to tie him to Arthur Howland.
Resources
We should examine "The John Howland Downloads, Howland Records" in the following link: https://pilgrimjohnhowlandsociety.org/downloads.php. It contains notes on research done on Howlands. It may be useful facts that could be used in the biography.
See also:
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edited by Rosemary Lpn
I would be happy to help my 10th grandfathers record but it is protected. Please add me to the trusted list. I would like to see him on my watch list. Thanks. Richard Barton-7380
Thanks for your post. Yes, the formatting of this profile needs some improvement. I removed the odd corporation libaries heading, though.
Although the profile is protected, formatting changes such as you are referring to can be made. If you would you like to make them, we would appreciate your help.
Thank you, S
POST NOTE: Got a lot of the problems cleaned up. Could not help, as I read, smoothing some of the writing. Did some reference consolidation. Fixed FAGM references. Cleaned up formatting in general. Changed no significant content. Still needs rewrites on some sections, just to smooth wording and remove duplicate ideas. Done for now.
Can we now remove improvement classification?
Early immigration statement says Arthur came to colonies as a Quaker. But verbiage says he was Puritian and then Quaker. Someone should rectify that. I did not because it would be a change.
edited by Richard Barton
The Howland materials were aggregated from a chapter in Walter Goodwin Davis, The Ancestry of Annis Spear, 1775-1858 ... (Portland, Me. : Southworth-Anthoensen Press, 1945), 103-107; digital images, Hathi Trust.
Page 293 of the aggregated source is page 103 of the Hathi Trust source.
Page 295 is ... page 105
Page 296 ... is page 106
edited by GeneJ X
Many thanks.
edited by Bobbie (Madison) Hall