Martha Elizabeth Blackwell (1812-1853) Biographical Sketch
Martha was born on the 12th of July 1812 in Lunenburg County, Virginia[1]. The War of 1812 had just been declared by Congress and President James Madison in June of that year. The declaration of this second war with the British Empire was a result of long standing trade embargoes and much resented impressment of American sailors into service in the British navy. It was probably further driven by a desire among some in power in Washington who wanted further expansion of the United States territories through invasion of Canada.
Martha’s parents were Thomas Blackwell (1771-1820) and Mariah (Maria) Bailey (1769-1816), both of whom were Virginian’s by birth[2]. Thomas’ heritage in Virginia stretches back to the 1600’s to the immigrant ancestor Robert Blackwell (1620-1650) who came to America from England[3].
Martha had eleven known siblings, all of whom were probably born in Lunenburg County. A brief summary of the siblings will be given here.
Nancy Blackwell. A sister, Nancy, was born first, 28 May 1797[4]. She married Robert Bolling in Lunenburg County 22 December 1819[5] and they had two known children. Nancy died in Brunswick County, Virginia 19 February 1853 at the age of 55[6].
Robert Blackwell. A son, Robert, was born next, 29 May 1798[7]. He married Mary Ann Abernathy in Lunenburg County in 1818[8] and they had eight children. Robert was murdered by his son Thomas Clayton Blackwell at the age of 44 in Lunenburg County 22 Mar 1843[9].
John Blackwell. Twins John and Mariah were born 12 December 1799 in Virginia[10]. John married Julia Ann Ford in 1821 in Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia[11]. According to the 1840 censuses, they had at two girls. John apparently died between the 1840 and 1850 censuses since he appeared in the former but not the latter.
Mariah Blackwell. John’s fraternal twin sister, Mariah, married John H. Booth 24 October 1818 in Granville County, North Carolina[12]. Mariah and John with at least one son, Gilliam Booth, who was mentioned in the estate of Elizabeth Goodwin Blackwell, her mother. Mariah is thought to have died about 1824.
Joel Blackwell. Joel was born next on 25 Aug 1801[13]. He married first, Sallie Gunn Blackwell, a distant cousin, in 1830 in Lunenburg County[14]. He married second, Jane Marie Cralle, 18 August 1836 in Lunenburg County[15] and had at least one child. According to the U.S. Mortality Schedule of 1850, Joel died in June of 1849 in Lunenburg County at the age of 47[16].
Jane Blackwell. The birth of Joel was followed by Jane, also known as Jincey, born 19 April 1803[17]. Jincey was considered of unsound mind, declared a lunatic, and committed to the custody of a brother throughout her life. She never married.
James Goodwin Blackwell. The next child was a son, James Goodwin, born 25 August 1804 in Lunenburg County[18]. James married Mary R. Williams 15 November 1765 in Lunenburg County, Virginia[19]. According to the U.S. Mortality Schedule of 1860, James died in May of that year at the age of 55 in Lunenburg County[20].
Edward Blackwell and Sarah Blackwell. James was followed by two children who died as infants, Edward Blackwell, born 17 September 1805, died 14 December 1806 and Sarah Blackwell, born 15 July 1808, died 13 January 1809[21]. Both were probably born in Lunenburg County.
Lewis T. Blackwell. A son, Lewis, was born next on 31 Oct 1810[22]. Lewis died at the age of 25 and it is not known if he had married or had children.
William Henry Blackwell. Martha’s last sibling and fraternal twin was William, born 23 July 1812 in Lunenburg County[23]. It is not known whether William married or had any children. He appeared in the 1850 census with his older brother James G. Blackwell. He could not be located in the 1860 census and it is therefore assumed that he died between 1850 and 1860.
The 1820 census of Lunenburg, Virginia[24] was the first federal census in which Martha would have been catalogued in the family. Her father, Thomas Blackwell was listed in that census even though he had died[25] a few months before the census was begun on August 7, 1820. Her mother, Maria Bailey Bridgeforth Blackwell had died 3 February 1816[26] and, of course would be missing from that census. The remainder of the family appears to be well reflected in the age ranges and numbers of males and females expected based on family genealogy. Since both parents were dead by the time of the census, only the children would have been listed. The list of children and their correspondence to the 1820 census results is summarized here.
1820 census: Thomas Blackwell senr – Lunenburg, Virginia
males
---
females
0-9
10-15
16-18
16-25
26-44
45+
0-9
10-15
16-25
26-44
45+
2
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
NAME
BORN
COMMENT
1820 age
Nancy
28 May 1797
m. Robert Bolling 1819
not in household
Robert
29 May 1798
m. Mary Ann Abernathy 1818
not in household
John
12 Dec 1799
m. Julia Ann Ford 1821
not in household
Maria
12 Dec 1799
m. John H. booth 1818
not in household
Joel
25 Aug 1801
18-19 years old
male 16-25
Jane
19 Apr 1803
17 years old
female 16-25
James G.
15 Aug 1804
15-16 years old
male 10-15
Edward
17 Sep 1805
d. 14 Dec 1806
not in household
Sarah
15 Jul 1808
d. 15 Jun 1809
not in household
Lewis T.
31 Oct 1810
9-10 years old
male 0-9
Martha E.
23 Jul 1812
8 years old
female 0-9
William H.
23 Jul 1812
8 years old
female 0-9
Martha is first mentioned by name in the court records of Lunenburg County, Virginia on the 13th day of November 1820 when her uncle, Joel Blackwell, was appointed the guardian of herself and her twin brother William Henry and brother Lewis T., all infant orphans of their father, Thomas Blackwell, who had died on the 3rd of May 1820. Martha does not appear in the records of Lunenburg County again until her marriage to Thomas Dance Fisher on 9 March 1829, at the age of 16[27]. Turner Abernathy was the surety for the marriage. Turner was a first cousin of Thomas. Up until that time, it seems reasonable to assume that she was living in the household of her guardian uncle, Joel Blackwell in Lunenburg.
Based on the household members and their age ranges in the 1830 census of Lunenburg, Virginia, it appears that Thomas and Martha were living with his mother, Nancy Dance Fisher at that time[28]. Nancy’s husband, Benjamin Fisher had died in Lunenburg County in October of 1826[29].
1830 census: Nancy Fisher – Lunenburg, Virginia
males
---
females
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-29
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-29
30-39
40-49
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
NAME
BORN
AGE
SEX
CENSUS
Benjamin B. Fisher
22 Oct 1815
14-15
male
10-14
Thomas Dance Fisher
27 Feb 1804
25-26
male
20-29
female child
female 0-4
Martha E. Blackwell Fisher
23 Jul 1812
17-18
female
15-19
Nancy Maria Fisher
1814
15-16
female
15-19
Nancy Dance Fisher
1780
49-50
female
40-49
The one anomaly in this census is the infant female between 0 to 4 years of age. If this child was born say around the time of the census, then she is quite probably a first child and daughter of Martha and Thomas whose name is unknown and who did not survive to adulthood.
Through the decades of 1830, 1840 and early 1850’s, Thomas and Martha had twelve children. Brief biographies of the children is included next.
Rufus Latimus Fisher. Thomas and Martha’s first son, Rufus Latimus, was born in Tipton County, Tennessee 15 November 1832[30]. He married first Martha E. Grace in Colorado County, Texas in 1857[31]. They had two children before her death in 1860. He then married Mary Ann Slack in 1861[32] and they had seven children together, all born in or near Weimar, Colorado County, Texas. He also apparently had several children with a black consort. Rufus (Bob) Fisher died 7 January 1905 in Weimar, Colorado County, Texas[33].
Isabella Harmonia V. Fisher. The next child of Thomas and Martha, Isabella, was born in 1833[34] in Durhamville, Tipton County Tennessee. She married John Budd in Fayetteville, Fayette County, Texas in 1854[35]. Isabella and John had six children, all born in Fayette County. After the death of her parents in 1853, Isabella took in several of her younger brothers and raised them. She died 13 November 1872 in Lexington, Lee County, Texas[36].
Thomas Benjamin Fisher. Isabella’s birth was followed by the birth of Thomas Benjamin in 1835[37], born in Lauderdale County, Tennessee. He married Amanda M. J. Clark in Fayette County, Texas in 1865[38] and they had two children together who were born in Fayette County. Thomas died about 1879 in Fayette County, Texas[39].
Oliver Preston Fisher. Oliver was born next, in about 1838, after the family had moved to Mississippi[40]. He died sometime after the 1860 census and before that of 1870, apparently not having married or left any children. He enlisted in the Confederate Army in June of 1861 in Fayette County, Texas, as a private in the Dixie Rangers, Active Cavalry Company. It is quite possible that he was killed during the war, but no confirming record of this has been located.
James H. Fisher. Next, in the 1840’s decade, came the births of James H. and John Henry Fisher, twins born 18 November 1840[41] in Rutersville, Fayette County, Texas. James apparently never married and died in Colorado County, Texas 26 Dec 1875[42].
John Henry Fisher. John married Mettie Clementine Nicholson on 28 December 1881 in Colorado County[43] and they had one child. John died 30 May 1902 in Waco, McLennan County, Texas[44]. He was electrocuted by a live electric power supply line which had fallen into his front yard.
William Junius Fisher. William was born 13 January 1843 in Weimar, Colorado County, Texas[45]. He married Evelyn Bomar Dycus 21 December 1870 in Fayette County[46] and they had an astounding thirteen children. William was a successful merchant in Waelder, Gonzales County, Texas. He died on his birthday, 13 January 1902 at the age of 59 from complications with diabetes[47].
Ezra Fletcher Fisher. On the 30th of April 1845, Ezra Fletcher was born[48], the seventh son of Thomas and Martha. He was born in Fayetteville, Fayette County, Texas, where his parents had moved from Rutersville sometime prior to 1845. Ezra married Josephine H. Nave on 2 October 1873 in Colorado County[49] and they had three children. He died 7 July 1914 at the age of 69 in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas[50].
Joseph Knight Fisher. The next child, another son, Joseph, was born 26 February 1847[51], also in Fayetteville. He married first Emily O. Crow on 19 December 1871 in Nacogdoches County, Texas[52]. They had six children together before her death in 1881. Joseph next married Eugenia E. Crow, a sister of Emily’s, on 9 June 1882 in Nacogdoches County[53] and they had three children before her death in 1886, shortly after the birth of her last child. He last married Rosa Ellen McDonald on 25 Feb 1889, in Nacogdoches County[54] and they also had three children. Joseph died 18 October 1901 in San Augustine County, Texas[55].
Harper D. Fisher.[56] The last child born to Thomas and Martha in the 1840’s was Harper D. Fisher, born in 1848 in Fayetteville, Fayette County, Texas. He was either stillborn or died as an infant the same year, 1848.
Cass M. Fisher. Cass was born in 1850 and died as an infant in 1851 in Fayetteville, Fayette County, Texas[57].
Walter Daniel Fisher. The last child of Thomas and Martha was Walter Daniel, born 31 August 1852 in Fayette county, probably in Fayetteville[58]. Walter married Elizabeth (Bettie) Reynolds 14 October 1880 at La Grange in Fayette County, Texas[59]. Before 1890, he relocated his family in a lengthy cattle drive from Fayette County, north to Collingsworth County, in the Texas panhandle[60]. Walter and Bettie had 10 children between 1881 and 1904. He died 4 October 1929 in Collingsworth County, Texas[61] on the family farm.
Martha E. and Thomas D. Fisher apparently moved from Lunenburg, Virginia to Durhamville, Tipton County, Tennessee before the birth of their first son, Rufus Latimus, in November of 1832. A Power of Attorney from Thomas to his brother James Fisher was filed in Lunenburg court on the 6th of December 1830 indicating an imminent move to Tennessee[62]. Thomas and Martha, along with several brothers of Martha’s all made the move to Tennessee about 1830. After moving to Tipton County, Tennessee in about 1830, Thomas and Martha as well as Thomas’ mother Nancy Dance Fisher were located in Lauderdale County, Tennessee, which had been formed from portions of Tipton County to the south and Dyer County to the north. Thomas was the Register for Lauderdale County from 1836 to 1838[63]. Thomas and Martha owned land in Tipton/Lauderdale County, Tennessee as early as 29 February 1832[64]. By 1838, they had sold their land now in Lauderdale County[65]. This was in response to a decision to move to Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi around 1837. A deed of sale of land in Lauderdale County, Tennessee to his mother, Nancy Fisher, in that year indicates that he was already living in Mississippi[66]. Thomas had started a mercantile business in Vicksburg. The business was not successful and the family moved on in 1839 from Vicksburg, briefly to Houston, Texas and then to settle in Rutersville, Fayette County, Texas[67]. Of their children, Isabella and Benjamin were born in Durhamville, Tennessee and Oliver was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The remainder of their children were all born in Fayette County, Texas between the years of 1840 to 1852.
The family of Martha and Thomas could not be located in the 1840 census when it is certain that they were residing in Texas. It is possible that they were in the process of moving to Rutersville at that time and were simply missed in that census. Thomas D. Fisher was enumerated in the tax lists of 1840 for Fayette County, Texas[68]. For some unknown reason, the family was not recorded in the 1850 census as well, an unfortunate circumstance considering that would turn out to be the last census in which they might appear. Martha died on the 3rd of January 1853 and Thomas’ death followed less than three weeks later on the 20th of January 1853[69]. Their deaths at the relatively young ages of Martha, age 40, and Thomas, age 48, can most likely be attributed to a local epidemic of one of the common diseases of that time. Since no death certificate is available, there is no way to be certain. They left ten orphan children ranging in age from five months (Walter Daniel) to twenty-one years (Rufus Latimus). The children were initially the responsibility of Rufus, but after the marriage of Isabella in 1854 to John Budd, several of the younger children became her responsibility.
Photographic Memories
Tomas D. Fisher/Martha E. Blackwell Fisher obelisk
Sources
↑ Virginia Historical Society Bible Records, Richmond, Virginia; Elizabeth Goodwin Blackwell, 1734-1828
↑ 1820 United States Federal Census Record: , Lunenburg, Virginia, Roll M33_137; Page:162; Image 177; John Blackwell family (210101/00101/0 10); Thomas Blackwell Sr. Family (210100/11100/0 22); Elizabeth Blackwell family (001200/00001/0 8); Chapman Blackwell family (100010/21100/0 5)
↑ Virginia Historical Society Papers, 1607-2007; Bible Records, 1700-1900; https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/sources/LQRD-MB9; Thomas Blackwell; b. 18 Dec 1771; d. 3 May 1820; m. Ann Sydnor, 31 Jan 1793; m. Maria Bailey Bridgeforth, 5 Sep 1795
↑ Marriages of Lunenburg County, Virginia, 1746-1853; ancestry.com; marriage bond of Thomas D. Fisher and Martha E. Blackwell
↑ 1830 United States Federal Census Record: Lunenburg, Virginia;
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XH5F-5X7; Nancy Fisher family (0010100000000 / 1002001000000) and James Fisher family (0000110000000 / 0000100000000)
↑ Will Book 9, Lunenburg County, Virginia; page 165; Inventory of the Estate of Benjamin Fisher; Lists Benjamin's death as Oct 1826
↑ Find a Grave Memorial; findagrave.com memorial # 36916677 Joseph Knight Fisher
↑ Obelisk: Thomas D. Fisher family; Thomas D., Martha E. B., Harper D., Cass M.; Thomas B. and Isabella F. Budd in the Fayetteville Cemetery, Fayetteville, Fayette County, Texas
↑ Lunenburg County, Virginia: Deed Book 29, page 104; Power of Attorney from Thomas D. Fisher to James Fisher as he was about to move to Tennessee, 6 Dec 1830
↑ Lauderdale County History (Goodspeed Publishing Co., 1887); Thomas D. Fisher was the County Register from 1836-1838
↑ Record of Southwest Texas, Goodspeed Brothers, Publishers, 1894, pp 365-367; William J. Fisher biography
↑ Texas Census Substitute; Texas Tax List Index, 1840-1849; Thomas D. Fisher, 1840, Fayette County, Texas
↑ Tombstone: Thomas D. & Martha E. Fisher, Fayetteville City Cemetery, Fayetteville, Fayette county, Texas
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