Cross County, Arkansas

Date: 15 Nov 1862
Location: Cross, Arkansas, United States
Surnames/tags: cross_county,_arkansas us_history Arkansas

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Contents 1 Welcome to the Cross County, Arkansas! 2 Maps and Boundaries 3 Communities 3.1 Cities 3.2 Towns 3.3 Unincorporated Communities 3.4 Minor Civil Divisions (MCD) 3.5 Townships 3.6 Historical Communities 4 Toursim and Festivals 5 Military and War 5.1 Civil War 5.1.1 Civil War Markers 5.2 Other Markers and Memorials 6 Historical Landmarks 7 National Protected Areas 8 Notables 9 Records and Resources 10 Sources

Welcome to the Cross County, Arkansas!

Cross County's history can be traced back to its early settlement in the early 19th century. The region's fertile land and abundant natural resources attracted pioneers seeking new opportunities and a chance to build a prosperous life. As settlers arrived, communities began to take shape, establishing the foundations for what would eventually become Cross County.

On November 15, 1862, Cross County officially came into existence when it was established as a separate entity from surrounding counties. The county was named after Confederate Colonel David C. Cross, who tragically lost his life during the Battle of Pea Ridge in the Civil War. This act of recognition honored the sacrifice made by Colonel Cross and solidified the county's name.

Agriculture played a vital role in Cross County's development, with its fertile soil and favorable climate offering ideal conditions for farming. The county's early economy revolved around the cultivation of cotton, corn, and other crops, and the establishment of cotton gins and mills further fueled its growth. The hardworking farmers and their labor transformed Cross County into a thriving agricultural hub.

The expansion of transportation infrastructure had a profound impact on Cross County's growth and connectivity. The arrival of railroads in the late 19th century brought new opportunities for commerce and trade, allowing Cross County's agricultural products to reach markets far and wide. Improved transportation networks, including highways and bridges, further enhanced the county's accessibility and facilitated economic development.

Throughout its history, Cross County has been a witness to significant events and milestones that have shaped the community. From the challenges faced during the Great Depression to the societal changes of the Civil Rights Movement, the county's inhabitants have demonstrated resilience, adaptability, and commitment to progress. These events have left an indelible mark on Cross County's collective memory and helped forge its unique character.

Cross County's cultural heritage is a tapestry woven with diverse influences. From the vibrant celebrations of the local community to the preservation of traditional crafts and arts, the county's residents embrace their rich heritage. Festivals, music, and culinary traditions offer glimpses into the colorful fabric of Cross County's cultural tapestry, showcasing the pride and spirit of its people.

Cross County continues to evolve, combining its rich history with modern advancements to create a dynamic present and promising future. The county's commitment to education, economic development, and community engagement ensures a vibrant and prosperous tomorrow for generations to come.

As you explore Cross County, Arkansas, the echoes of the past resonate through its picturesque landscapes, inviting you to delve into its captivating history. Experience the essence of this remarkable region, where stories of triumph, resilience, and progress are etched into its existence. Cross County beckons you to embark on a journey through time, immersing yourself in its intriguing history and discovering the enduring spirit that defines this extraordinary place.

Maps and Boundaries

• Poinsett County (north)
• Crittenden County (east)
• St. Francis County (south)
• Woodruff County (west)
• Jackson County (northwest)

Communities

Cities

Wynne

Towns

Cherry Valley

Hickory Ridge

Parkin

Unincorporated Communities

Wittsburg

Vanndale

Minor Civil Divisions (MCD)

Birdeye	Central	Coldwater	Colton Crossing
Duvall	Ellis Chapel	Fair Field	Fair Oaks
Fitzgerald Crossing	Flag Lake Crossing	Fortune	Gieseck
Gladden	Hamlin	Hydrick	L'Anguille
Levesque	McDonald	McElroy	Mersman
Monterey	Mounds	Pittinger	Pleasant Hill
Princedale	River Front	Riverside	Rose Place
Smith Chapel	Smithdale	Tilton	Togo
Twist	Wick Mill	Wilkins	Yarbo Place

Townships

Bedford	Brushy Lake	Coldwater	Ellis
Fair Oaks	Hickory Ridge	Mitchell	Searcy
Smith	Twist	Tyronza	Wynne

Historical Communities

Aberdeen	Bellknap	Budsmith	Burkes Mill
Cleburne	Crowleys	Delta	Dunn
Loveland	Mebaneville	Merck	Poe
Saint Francis	Sharpsburgh	Stuart	Turney
Wade	Welford	Wrape

Toursim and Festivals

Cross County, Arkansas, hosts several annual tourism and festival events that attract visitors from both within the county and beyond. These events showcase the county's cultural heritage, local traditions, and provide opportunities for entertainment and community engagement. Here are a few notable examples:

1. CherryFest in Cherry Valley, Arkansas: CherryFest is an annual event held in Cherry Valley, a town located in Cross County, Arkansas. The festival celebrates the area's rich cherry orchards and agricultural heritage. It typically takes place in the spring, coinciding with the cherry blossom season. Visitors can enjoy various activities, including live music performances, arts and crafts vendors, food vendors offering cherry-inspired treats, carnival rides, and games. The festival also features a cherry pie baking contest and a parade showcasing local organizations and businesses. CherryFest is a family-friendly event that offers a fun-filled day of entertainment and a chance to appreciate the natural beauty and agricultural significance of the cherry industry in the region.
2. Wynne Farmfest in Wynne, Arkansas: Wynne Farmfest is an annual event that celebrates the agricultural heritage and farming traditions of Cross County and the surrounding region. Held in Wynne, the county seat, Farmfest provides an opportunity for farmers, agricultural businesses, and the local community to come together. The festival typically takes place in the fall and features various activities and attractions, including livestock exhibitions, tractor pulls, agricultural equipment displays, arts and crafts vendors, live entertainment, food vendors offering local and regional cuisine, and educational exhibits focused on farming techniques and sustainable agriculture. Wynne Farmfest aims to promote awareness and appreciation for the vital role of agriculture in the local economy and culture.
3. Pickin in the Park in Village Creek State Park, Wynne, Arkansas: Pickin in the Park is an annual music event at Village Creek State Park, located in Wynne, Arkansas. This event celebrates the rich musical heritage of the area and offers local musicians a platform to showcase their talent. It usually occurs during the warmer months, providing visitors with the opportunity to enjoy live music performances in the picturesque outdoor setting of the state park. Attendees can bring their lawn chairs or blankets and relax while listening to various genres, including bluegrass, country, folk, and Americana. Pickin in the Park often encourages participation, with impromptu jam sessions and open-mic opportunities for musicians of all skill levels. The event promotes a sense of community and appreciation for the local music scene, while allowing attendees to immerse themselves in the natural beauty of Village Creek State Park.

These events provide opportunities for residents and visitors to experience the local culture, enjoy entertainment, and participate in community celebrations. It is important to note that event schedules and details may vary from year to year, so it is recommended to check with local authorities or event organizers for the most up-to-date information on specific events in Cross County, Arkansas.

Military and War

Civil War

Cross County, Arkansas, experienced several significant events during the Civil War. While it did not witness any major battles, it played a role in the larger conflict, as soldiers from the county joined both Confederate and Union units. Additionally, the county has several Civil War markers commemorating the war's impact on the area.

Units from Cross County joined both Confederate and Union forces during the Civil War. Many residents supported the Confederacy, and several companies were raised to fight for the Southern cause. Companies from Cross County included the "Wynne Guards," led by Captain R. W. Harper, and the "McCown Guards," commanded by Captain Samuel W. McReynolds. These units fought in various engagements throughout Arkansas and the wider theater of the war.

On the Union side, Cross County also contributed soldiers to the cause. The 1st Regiment, Arkansas Cavalry (Union), organized in 1863, included companies from Cross County. This regiment participated in several skirmishes and engagements in Arkansas, Missouri, and other nearby states.

While no major battles occurred in Cross County itself, the county experienced notable skirmishes during the war. One such skirmish took place near Wittsburg on July 9, 1862, when Union forces under Colonel W. F. Geiger clashed with Confederate troops led by Colonel Archibald S. Dobbin. The Union forces successfully drove back the Confederates, securing the area for the Union.

Another skirmish occurred on September 5, 1863, at Chalk Bluff, just south of the county line. Confederate forces, including elements of the 2nd Arkansas Cavalry, attempted to defend against a Union advance led by General Frederick Steele. The Confederates were ultimately pushed back, and the Union forces gained control of the area.

In terms of significant events, Cross County, like many parts of Arkansas, experienced the impact of guerrilla warfare and the general disruption caused by the war. Both Confederate and Union sympathizers engaged in raids, pillaging, and attacks on civilian populations throughout the region. These acts of violence created fear and uncertainty among the residents of Cross County.

Civil War Markers

Cross County has several monuments and memorials that commemorate the conflict. The Wittsburg Confederate Monument, located in Wittsburg, honors the Confederate soldiers from Cross County who fought in the war. It reminds the county of its involvement in the Confederacy.

Additionally, the Civil War historical marker "Chalk Bluff," located near the Chalk Bluff Battlefield Park, provides information about the skirmish that occurred in the area during the war. The marker highlights the significance of the engagement and its impact on the larger conflict.

These markers and memorials remind Cross County of its connection to the Civil War and the sacrifices made by its residents during that turbulent period in American history.

Other Markers and Memorials

Apart from the Civil War markers and memorials mentioned earlier, Cross County, Arkansas, has a few other war markers and memorials that commemorate different conflicts and the sacrifices made by local residents. Here are some notable examples:

1. World War I Memorial: Located in the county seat of Wynne, the World War I Memorial honors the soldiers from Cross County who served in the First World War. The memorial likely includes the names of those who fought and those who lost their lives in the conflict.
2. World War II Memorial: Similarly, there is a World War II Memorial in Wynne that commemorates the individuals from Cross County who served during the Second World War. This memorial is a tribute to the local heroes who fought in that global conflict.
3. Korean War and Vietnam War Memorials: Cross County also has memorials dedicated to honoring the veterans who served in the Korean War and Vietnam War. These memorials likely include the names of local residents who participated in these conflicts and express gratitude for their service.
4. Veterans Memorial Park: Located in Wynne, Veterans Memorial Park serves as a gathering place and tribute to all veterans who have served in the U.S. Armed Forces. It includes various monuments, plaques, and markers that commemorate the sacrifices and contributions of veterans from Cross County across different wars and conflicts.

These markers and memorials in Cross County serve as important reminders of the county's connection to various wars and conflicts throughout history. They provide spaces for reflection, remembrance, and gratitude for the bravery and service of local residents who answered the call to defend their country.

Historical Landmarks

• Isaac Block House - The Isaac Block House is a historic residence located at 404 East Hamilton Street in Wynne, Arkansas. Notable for its fine Queen Anne architectural style, the house is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure that showcases several distinctive features. Its exterior design highlights include a wraparound porch, fish-scale wood shingles, a projecting gable adorned with carved decoration, and projecting bays that feature similar decorative elements.

The house was originally constructed in Wittsburg around 1885 by Isaac Block, the son of German Jewish immigrants who worked as a merchant. Wittsburg was a small town located along the St. Francis River. However, when the railroad bypassed Wittsburg, Block decided to relocate the house to Wynne, a nearby town. This relocation was no small feat and took place in the early 1900s.

To move the house, it was necessary to divide it into sections and transport them using oversized wagons. This process allowed the preservation of the historic structure, while allowing its transportation to the present location in Wynne. The effort involved in moving the house highlights its significance and value in preserving its architectural heritage.

The Isaac Block House is a testament to the craftsmanship and architectural styles of the late 19th century. Its Queen Anne styling, characterized by ornate details and intricate woodwork, exemplifies the popular architectural trends of that era. The house reminds the history and cultural heritage of the region, reflecting the experiences of German Jewish immigrants and the development of towns along the railroad lines.

Today, the Isaac Block House remains an important historic landmark in Wynne, Arkansas. Its well-preserved Queen Anne architecture and unique history make it a noteworthy attraction for visitors interested in exploring the architectural heritage of the area and the stories behind its historic structures.

House on East Hamilton

• East Hamilton Avenue Historic District - The East Hamilton Avenue Historic District is located in Wynne, Arkansas, and encompasses a residential area that experienced significant growth between approximately 1920 and 1940. The district stretches along East Hamilton Avenue, between North Falls Boulevard and Killough Road, and includes properties on Eldridge Court. This area represents a well-preserved reflection of Wynne's development during the early 20th century.

The development of East Hamilton Avenue began gradually in the late 19th century and expanded from west to east, starting near Wynne's downtown area. The district showcases various architectural styles and structures that highlight the evolution of residential design during this time period.

One of the notable houses within the district is the Giboney-Robertson-Stewart House, the oldest house in the area built around 1895. This house exemplifies the Queen Anne Victorian style, characterized by its ornate details, intricate woodwork, and asymmetrical design.

Most houses in the East Hamilton Avenue Historic District were built after 1920 and feature architectural styles such as Craftsman, Colonial Revival, and Tudor Revival. The Craftsman style emphasizes simplicity, natural materials, and craftsmanship, while the Colonial Revival style draws inspiration from the architectural elements of the American colonial period. The Tudor Revival style evokes the architectural features of medieval English Tudor buildings, with its characteristic half-timbering, steeply pitched roofs, and decorative elements.

Additionally, the district includes a few houses with Spanish (Mediterranean) Revival architectural influences. These houses typically feature stucco exteriors, low-pitched tile roofs, arched windows and doorways, and decorative tile work, reflecting the style's connection to Mediterranean and Spanish architectural traditions.

Towards the later end of the district's development period, between 1940 and 1950, a few early ranch-style houses were built. Their single-story design characterizes ranch houses, low-pitched roofs, open floor plans, and an emphasis on horizontal lines.

The East Hamilton Avenue Historic District offers a glimpse into the residential growth and architectural trends of Wynne, Arkansas during the early to mid-20th century. It provides a unique opportunity to appreciate and understand the various architectural styles that were popular during that time, and serves as a testament to the history and cultural heritage of the area.

Giboney-Robertson-Stewart House

• Giboney-Robertson-Stewart House - The Giboney-Robertson-Stewart House is a historic residence located at 734 Hamilton Avenue in Wynne, Arkansas. Constructed in 1895 for W. A. and Ann Giboney, it is an exceptional example of Queen Anne Victorian architecture and stands out as the only two-story structure of its kind in the city.

The house is a two-story wood-frame structure with a distinctive cross-gable roof. Its design features the irregular massing commonly associated with the Queen Anne style, which is characterized by asymmetrical forms and various decorative elements. The Giboney-Robertson-Stewart House also boasts a wraparound one-story porch supported by Tuscan columns, providing a welcoming and stylish entrance to the residence.

Originally, the house included a turret, a notable architectural feature often found in Queen Anne designs. However, the turret was removed from the structure at some point before the 1940s. Despite this alteration, the house maintains its grandeur and architectural significance.

Over the years, the Giboney-Robertson-Stewart House has been owned by members of the locally prominent Robertson family, who held positions as judges and lawyers in the area. Additionally, it was also owned by Dr. T. J. Stewart, one of the early medical practitioners in the region. These ownership associations highlight the house's historical importance and its connection to notable individuals in Wynne's history.

The Giboney-Robertson-Stewart House is a testament to the craftsmanship and architectural styles of the late 19th century. Its status as one of Wynne's finest Queen Anne Victorians further emphasizes its significance within the local community. The house serves as a reminder of the rich history and cultural heritage of the area, offering visitors and residents alike a glimpse into the architectural and social past of Wynne, Arkansas.

Grace Episcopal Church

• Grace Episcopal Church - Grace Episcopal Church is a historic place of worship located at 614 E. Poplar Street in Wynne, Arkansas. Constructed in 1917, the church represents an architecturally eclectic style, combining elements from various architectural traditions. It was built to accommodate a newly formed congregation in the area.

The church is a single-story brick structure that exhibits a blend of architectural influences. While the primary inspiration for its design is an English country church, there are also evident Colonial Revival and Craftsman influences incorporated into its construction. This combination of styles gives the church a distinctive regional character.

During the church's construction, the Missouri-Pacific Railroad donated materials. At the time, the railroad engaged in a significant depot-building campaign. The donated materials likely contributed to the construction of Grace Episcopal Church, adding to its historical significance.

The church's architectural style draws from the English country church tradition, characterized by its simplicity, harmonious proportions, and connection to the surrounding natural environment. This is complemented by elements of Colonial Revival and Craftsman styles, which may manifest in features such as decorative details, woodwork, or distinctive rooflines.

One notable aspect of Grace Episcopal Church is that it has remained relatively unaltered since its construction. This preservation of its original design and features adds to its historical and architectural integrity, allowing visitors to experience the building as it was in 1917.

Grace Episcopal Church continues to serve as a place of worship and stands as a historic landmark in Wynne, Arkansas. Its architecturally eclectic design and preservation make it an important representation of the area's cultural and religious heritage. The church's unique combination of styles and materials donated by the Missouri-Pacific Railroad further contribute to its significance within the community.

John H. Johnston Cotton Gin Historic District

• John H. Johnston Cotton Gin Historic District - The John H. Johnston Cotton Gin Historic District is located in the community of Levesque, Arkansas, and encompasses a historic cotton gin. The main building of the gin was constructed in 1941 and is notable for its construction material, as it was built using reinforced concrete instead of the more commonly used steel. This choice of material was due to a shortage of metal during World War II.

The main building of the gin exhibits some characteristics of the Moderne architectural style. It features smooth surfaces and rounded corners, which are typical of the streamlined and simplified aesthetic of the Moderne style. This style was popular during the mid-20th century and often incorporated elements of industrial design.

One distinctive feature of the gin is the inclusion of a seed storage facility located at its rear. This seed storage area was likely used for storing cotton seeds, which were an important byproduct of the ginning process.

In addition to the main building, the John H. Johnston Cotton Gin Historic District includes several ancillary structures. These structures, including a shed, privy, and cyclone structure, are constructed with wood frames and feature metal siding and roofing. These ancillary buildings served various purposes related to the operation of the cotton gin and provide additional historical context to the district.

The John H. Johnston Cotton Gin Historic District reminds us of the significance of the cotton industry in the region and the architectural styles and materials employed during the World War II era. Its use of reinforced concrete, the seed storage facility, and the ancillary structures contribute to its historical and architectural value. The district provides a glimpse into the history of cotton ginning in Levesque, Arkansas, and its impact on the local community and economy.

Memphis to Little Rock Road-Village Creek Segment

• Memphis to Little Rock Road - The historic Memphis to Little Rock Road, also known as the Military Road, refers to sections of a historic transportation route located in Cross County, Arkansas. This road played a significant role in the region's history, serving as an important route connecting Memphis, Tennessee, and Little Rock, Arkansas.

The Military Road was originally established in the early 19th century as a military supply route between Memphis and Little Rock. It was constructed to facilitate the movement of troops and supplies during the War of 1812 and later the Mexican-American War. Over time, the road expanded in importance and became a key transportation artery for settlers, traders, and travelers.

In Cross County, Arkansas, the sections of the road that remain today offer insights into the historical significance of this transportation corridor. While the exact locations and conditions of the road may vary, remnants and traces of the original route can still be found in certain areas.

Exploring the historic Memphis to Little Rock Road sections in Cross County provides an opportunity to connect with the past and experience the challenges faced by early travelers. These sections often feature unpaved paths, sometimes covered by vegetation, and might have historical markers or signage to provide context and information about the road's history.

Visiting the historic road sections offers a chance to imagine the bustling activity and flow of people and goods that once occurred along this important route. It also highlights the role of transportation infrastructure in shaping the development and connectivity of communities in the region.

Preserving and recognizing the significance of the historic Memphis to Little Rock Road, including its sections in Cross County, Arkansas, helps foster an understanding and appreciation of the area's history and heritage. It serves as a tangible link to the past and offers the opportunity to explore the stories of the people and events that shaped the region.

New Hope School

• New Hope School - The New Hope School is a historic schoolhouse located at 3762 Arkansas Highway 284, east of Wynne, Arkansas. It is a single-story wood-frame structure that features a simple Plain-Traditional architectural style. The schoolhouse was constructed in stages, with the initial construction taking place in 1903 to serve the students of District 25.

Initially, the New Hope School consisted of a single-room building, but before 1930, a second classroom was added to accommodate the growing student population. This expansion resulted in the schoolhouse's present appearance. The architectural style of the school reflects a functional and straightforward design typical of school buildings during that era.

The New Hope School served as an educational facility until 1951, when it ceased its operations as a school. After its closure, the building was purchased by a local peach farmer, who repurposed it for his business needs. It remained under private ownership for several decades.

In 2007, recognizing the historical significance of the schoolhouse, the building was generously donated to the Cross County Historical Society. The historical society took responsibility for overseeing its restoration and preservation, ensuring that this important piece of local history would be preserved for future generations.

The restoration of the New Hope School involved efforts to retain its original architectural features and character. The Cross County Historical Society's dedication to preserving the building as a historic landmark showcases their commitment to honoring the educational heritage of the area.

The New Hope School is a tangible connection to the past, offering a glimpse into the early educational system in the region. It reminds us of the importance of education in rural communities and the efforts made to provide schooling opportunities for local children. The restoration and preservation of the schoolhouse allow visitors to appreciate its historical significance and gain insights into the educational history of the area.

Northern Ohio School

• Northern Ohio School - The Northern Ohio School is a historic school building located at 60 Arkansas Highway 184 in Parkin, Arkansas. It is a small wood-frame structure with clapboard siding and a corrugated metal roof. The school is situated on the south side of the highway, just beyond the northern boundary of Parkin Archeological State Park.

Constructed around 1910, the Northern Ohio School was originally built by the Northern Ohio Cooperage and Lumber Company. It served as an educational facility for the children of African-American workers employed by the company. During this time, it played a crucial role in providing education to the local African-American community.

After the Northern Ohio Cooperage and Lumber Company ceased its operations in 1951, the school building was converted into a residence. This transformation allowed for continued use of the structure even after the company's closure.

In 1998, the building was sold to the state as a buffer property for the adjacent Parkin Archeological State Park. The acquisition of the property ensured its preservation and protected its historical value.

The Northern Ohio School is a reminder of the educational efforts made by companies to support their workers' families and the African-American community in the early 20th century. Its location near the Parkin Archeological State Park adds to its cultural and historical significance. The conversion of the building to a residence and its subsequent acquisition by the state demonstrate the importance of preserving structures that hold historical and community value.

The Northern Ohio School serves as a tangible link to the past, offering insights into the educational experiences of African-American children in Parkin during a significant period of history. Its presence near the state park provides visitors with the opportunity to explore and understand the interconnectedness of various historical aspects within the region.

Servetus W. Ogan House

• Servetus W. Ogan House - The Servetus W. Ogan House is a historic residence located at 504 East Forrest Avenue in Wynne, Arkansas. Constructed in 1910, it is a two-story American Foursquare-style building that showcases a unique feature for the area—construction using rusticated concrete blocks.

Its solid and sturdy appearance characterizes the house, achieved through the use of rusticated concrete blocks as the primary building material. This construction technique involved creating textured or rough-hewed surfaces on the blocks, giving them a distinct visual appeal. The American Foursquare architectural style is known for its practicality and simplicity, and the Ogan House exemplifies these qualities.

The Ogan House features a hip roof with hipped dormers, adding visual interest to the roofline. A prominent architectural feature is the projecting single-story porch, supported by square columns. The porch provides an inviting entrance to the house and serves as an outdoor gathering space.

Residential concrete-block construction, like the Ogan House, was a style that briefly gained popularity in the Wynne area during the early 20th century. While few examples of this construction technique remain in the city, the Ogan House is a significant representation of this architectural style.

The Ogan House holds historical and architectural importance within Wynne, Arkansas. Its use of rusticated concrete blocks, the American Foursquare design, and the unique combination of features make it a notable structure in the community. The house is a testament to the innovative building practices of its time, and adds to the architectural diversity found in Wynne.

Preserving and recognizing the historical significance of the Servetus W. Ogan House helps maintain the cultural heritage of the area. It allows future generations to appreciate the architectural craftsmanship and design choices of the early 20th century, contributing to the rich tapestry of Wynne's architectural history.

Artist's conception of the archaeological site

• Parkin Indian Mound - Parkin Archeological State Park, also known as Parkin Indian Mound, is an important archeological site and state park located in Parkin, Cross County, Arkansas. The park is renowned for its historical and cultural significance, providing insights into the pre-Columbian Native American civilization that once inhabited the region.

At the heart of the park is the Parkin Indian Mound, a large earthen mound believed to have been constructed by the Mississippian culture around 1,000 years ago. The Mississippian culture was a Native American civilization that flourished in the Mississippi River Valley and surrounding areas from approximately 800 to 1600 CE. The mound at Parkin is one of the few surviving examples of this ancient civilization in the state of Arkansas.

The Parkin Indian Mound stands at approximately 15 feet high and covers around three acres. It is believed to have served as a ceremonial and political center for the Mississippian people who lived in the area. The mound's strategic location near the confluence of the St. Francis and Tyronza rivers would have made it an important hub for trade and cultural exchange.

Visitors to Parkin Archeological State Park can explore the mound and its surrounding interpretive exhibits, which provide information about the Mississippian culture, the history of the site, and the archaeological discoveries made there. The park offers educational programs, guided tours, and interactive exhibits to enhance visitors' understanding of the site's significance.

The park also features a visitor center with exhibits showcasing artifacts found during archaeological excavations, such as pottery, tools, and ceremonial objects. These artifacts offer valuable insights into the daily lives, customs, and beliefs of the Mississippian people who once inhabited the area.

Parkin Archeological State Park provides a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich history of the region and gain a deeper understanding of the Native American cultures that thrived in the area centuries ago. Its designation as a state park ensures the preservation and protection of this significant archaeological site for future generations to appreciate and learn from.

South Elementary School

• South Elementary School - The South Elementary School is a historic school building located at 711 East Union Avenue in Wynne, Arkansas. Constructed in the 1930s, it is a single-story brick building with a distinctive T-shape design. The main section of the building is a broad rectangular structure, complemented by a projecting section at the rear.

Originally, the South Elementary School was part of a larger complex of school facilities constructed on the site in the 1930s. The construction of this complex was possible through funding from the Public Works Administration, a New Deal agency established during the Great Depression to stimulate employment and promote public infrastructure projects.

Over time, Cross County acquired the entire complex, and in 1968, the decision was made to demolish all the other buildings constructed in the 1930s. The South Elementary School building was spared from demolition and remained the sole survivor of the original school complex.

In 1971, the building underwent adaptation and re-purposing. It was converted into a mental health clinic, providing vital services to the community. This transformation allowed the historic structure to continue serving a meaningful purpose while accommodating the changing needs of the area.

The South Elementary School building is a testament to the architectural style prevalent in the 1930s, and reflects the community's commitment to education and infrastructure development during that time. Its brick construction, hip roof, and T-shaped layout contribute to its visual appeal and historical significance.

While the other buildings once part of the school complex no longer exist, the survival of the South Elementary School building serves as a tangible link to the past. Its adaptive reuse as a mental health clinic underscores the importance of re-purposing historic structures to meet the evolving needs of communities.

Preserving and recognizing the historical value of the South Elementary School building allows future generations to appreciate its architectural significance and role in the educational and social history of Wynne, Arkansas.

• Wittsburg Fortification - The Wittsburg Fortification is a historically significant defensive earthworks located in Wittsburg, Arkansas. It was constructed during the American Civil War as part of the Union Army's advance on Little Rock in 1862. This fortification holds particular importance, as it is the only known surviving earthworks built by either side during that campaign.

In July 1862, Union forces launched an invasion of Arkansas from Missouri, moving southward along Crowley's Ridge, situated to the west of the St. Francis River. The division led by General John Davidson reached Wittsburg by July 29 and established a camp in the area. The purpose of the camp was to await supplies and reinforcements before continuing their advance.

To enhance their defensive position, Union forces constructed a stockade and ditch on the ridge overlooking Wittsburg. This earthworks fortification provided a strategic advantage by allowing Union soldiers to monitor and protect their camp from potential Confederate threats.

The stockade, likely constructed from wood, would have served as a defensive barrier, while the ditch provided an additional obstacle for any opposing forces. Together, these earthworks formed a fortified position that helped ensure the safety and security of the Union camp at Wittsburg. While the specifics of the fortification's design and dimensions are not readily available, its presence in Wittsburg speaks to the military strategies employed during the Civil War and the significance of the region in the larger conflict.

Today, the Wittsburg Fortification reminds us of the Union Army's campaign and the role Arkansas played during the American Civil War. Although no longer an active military site, its historical importance and connection to this critical period in American history make it an important site for preservation and education.

• Wittsburg_Store_and_Gas_Station - The Wittsburg Store and Gas Station is a historic retail establishment located on Cross County Road 637 in Wittsburg, Arkansas. It is a unique structure, as it is the only commercial building in the community. The store, built around 1930, serves as a reminder of Wittsburg's past as a significant river town.

Constructed as a single-story wood-frame building, the Wittsburg Store and Gas Station features a gable roof and a false front, characteristic of early 20th-century commercial architecture. The front of the building is adorned with a shed-roof porch, supported by four square posts, creating a welcoming entrance for customers. Sash windows flank the main entrance, providing natural light to the interior.

The main block of the building was dedicated to the retail shop, while a gable-roofed section extends from the rear, likely providing residential space for the shop's owner or staff. This combination of commercial and residential areas within the same building was a common arrangement in the early 20th century.

Additionally, the structure includes a concrete storm cellar, which is a testament to the region's weather challenges and safety measures. Notably, a period gas pump is situated southeast of the building, representing the historical connection to transportation and the availability of fuel for automobiles.

The Wittsburg Store and Gas Station operated as a retail establishment from the 1930s to the 1980s, serving the local community and reflecting the town's former prominence as a river town. Wittsburg, located near the St. Francis River, was once a thriving hub for river commerce and trade.

As the only commercial building in the area, the Wittsburg Store and Gas Station holds significant historical value. It reminds the town of its past importance and serves as a visual link to the commercial activities that took place in Wittsburg during the early to mid-20th century.

Preserving and recognizing the historic significance of the Wittsburg Store and Gas Station contributes to the understanding and appreciation of the town's heritage and its role in Arkansas's commercial history.

Woman's Progressive Club

• Woman's Progressive Club - The Woman's Progressive Club is a historic meeting hall located at the southwest corner of Rowena Street and Merriman Avenue in Wynne, Arkansas. Constructed in the 1930s, this single-story brick building with a gable-on-hip roof is a significant architectural and social landmark in the community.

The construction of the Woman's Progressive Club was possible through funding from the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA was a New Deal agency created during the Great Depression to provide employment opportunities and support public infrastructure projects across the United States.

Architecturally, the meeting hall showcases elements of Colonial Revival style, displaying a relatively ornate design. Colonial Revival was a popular architectural movement in the early 20th century that inspired the classical architectural forms of America's colonial period.

The interior of the hall consists of an auditorium with a stage, providing a suitable space for various public, private, and civic events. With its stage and performance area, the Woman's Progressive Club has been a prominent venue for artistic and cultural activities in the local community.

The Woman's Progressive Club itself has a long history, as it was founded in 1913, making it Cross County's oldest social organization. The establishment of the club and the subsequent construction of the meeting hall provided a dedicated space for its members to gather, socialize, and host community events.

Throughout the years, the Woman's Progressive Club hall has remained an essential venue for many activities, contributing to the cultural fabric of Wynne. It has served as a platform for performances, meetings, celebrations, and other gatherings that foster community engagement and connections.

Recognized as the finest performance space in the city, the Woman's Progressive Club hall is a testament to the dedication and vision of the Woman's Progressive Club and its contribution to the local social and cultural scene.

Preserving the historic significance of the Woman's Progressive Club and its meeting hall allows future generations to appreciate the architectural charm and commitment of the community to social progress and cultural enrichment.

Wynne Post Office

• Wynne Post Office - The Wynne Post Office is located at 402 East Merriman Street in Wynne, Arkansas. It is a historic building constructed in 1936. The post office is a single-story brick structure with a flat roof, and a built-up parapet partially obscures the roofline. There has been a recent addition to the rear of the building.

The federal government built the Wynne Post Office at a cost of $65,000. It was built during the Great Depression, a time when the government initiated various programs to create employment opportunities. One such program was the United States Treasury Department's Section of Art, which provided jobs for artists. The mural inside the post office's main lobby, titled "Cotton Pickers," was created through this program.

The mural "Cotton Pickers" was painted by artist Ethel Magafan. It was commissioned as part of the federal government's efforts to support artists and bring art to public spaces. The mural depicts a scene related to the local agricultural industry, specifically focusing on cotton pickers. Cotton played a significant role in the economy of Arkansas during that period, and the mural serves as a visual representation of the region's history and heritage.

The Wynne Post Office, with its historic architecture and notable mural, stands as a testament to the Depression-era efforts to stimulate the economy and promote art. It is not only a functional facility for postal services, but also a site of cultural and historical significance for the local community and visitors.

Wynne Wholesale Commercial Historic District

• Wynne Wholesale Commercial Historic District - The Wynne Wholesale Commercial Historic District is a small collection of historic commercial properties located in Wynne, Arkansas. The district spans two blocks along West Merriman Avenue, west of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. It is home to four significant historic buildings: the Wynne Municipal Water Works, the Wynne Wholesale Grocer Company building, the R. J. Jackson Gin Company's cotton gin, and the Sharp Floral Building. Additionally, there is a fifth building, the Wynne Ice & Coal Company's ice house, which is also part of the district, but has undergone recent modifications.

These buildings in the Wynne Wholesale Commercial Historic District are emblematic of the wholesale business activities prominent in Wynne during the first half of the 20th century. Each building has its own historical significance:

1. Wynne Municipal Water Works: This building served as the water works facility for the city of Wynne. It played a vital role in providing clean and accessible water to the community.
2. Wynne Wholesale Grocer Company building: This structure was associated with the wholesale grocery business in Wynne. It likely served as a hub for distributing groceries and other goods to retailers in the area.
3. R. J. Jackson Gin Company's cotton gin: Cotton gins were crucial in processing cotton crops during the time when cotton was a major agricultural industry in Arkansas. The cotton gin of the R. J. Jackson Gin Company represents this important aspect of the local economy.
4. Sharp Floral Building: This building has ties to the floral industry. It might have served as a center for floral distribution or housed a flower shop during its heyday.
5. Wynne Ice & Coal Company's Ice House: While this building has undergone recent modifications, it was originally associated with the ice and coal business. Ice houses played a vital role in preserving food before the advent of modern refrigeration.

These historic buildings collectively provide a glimpse into the commercial activities and economic landscape of Wynne in the early to mid-20th century. The Wynne Wholesale Commercial Historic District reminds the city of its past and contributes to its architectural and historical heritage.

National Protected Areas

There are no national protected areas specifically designated in Cross County, Arkansas. Cross County does not have any national parks, national monuments, national wildlife refuges, or similar federally designated protected areas within its boundaries. However, it's worth noting that the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge, which is a protected area, is located nearby in neighboring counties such as Woodruff County and Monroe County. The refuge is known for its diverse wildlife and serves as an important habitat for waterfowl and other species. While it is not directly in Cross County, it can be accessed within a reasonable distance from the area.

Notables

• Thomas Edward Boggs was born on July 16, 1944 in Wynne, Arkansas. He was an American musician, playing with the Box Tops, and restaurateur in Memphis, Tennessee.
• Grover Bill Bowers was born on March 25, 1922 in Parkin, Arkansas. He was an outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1949.
• William Brightie Brown was born on October 19, 1925 in Wynne, Arkansas. He was an American football guard in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Green Bay Packers. He played college football at the University of Arkansas and was drafted in the nineteenth round of the 1951 NFL Draft.
• Bette Jean (Evensky) Greene was born on June 28, 1934 in Memphis, Tennessee. Her family later moved to Parkin, Arkansas, where she grew up. She is the author of several books for children and young adults, including Summer of My German Soldier, The Drowning of Stephan Jones, and the Newbery Honor book Philip Hall Likes Me, I Reckon Maybe.
• Charles Wesley Flowers was born on August 13, 1913 in Vanndale, Arkansas. He was a knuckleball pitcher in Major League Baseball, appearing in 14 games for the Brooklyn Dodgers during the 1940 and 1944 seasons.
• Clarence Verge Ford Jr, known as Clay Ford, he was born on September 24, 1938 in Wynne, Arkansas. He was an attorney and Republican politician from Gulf Breeze in Santa Rosa County near Pensacola, Florida, who from 2007 until his death represented District 2 in the Florida House of Representatives.
• Joel David Hanner was born on May 20, 1930 in Parkin, Arkansas. He was an American football player, coach and scout who spent nearly all his 42-year career with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL).
• Auburn Hare was born on December 20, 1930 in Cherry Valley, Arkansas. He was a Memphis electric blues guitarist and singer. His heavily distorted, power chord–driven electric guitar music in the early 1950s is considered an important precursor of heavy metal music. His guitar work with Little Junior's Blue Flames had a major influence on the rockabilly style, and his guitar playing on blues records by artists such as Muddy Waters was influential among 1960s British Invasion blues rock bands such as the Rolling Stones and the Yardbirds.
• Isiah Harris was born on July 2, 1929 in Parkin, Arkansas. He was a pitcher in Negro League baseball. He played for the Memphis Red Sox in 1949 and 1950. In 1950, he went 9–4 with a 3.13 earned run average. He was considered one of the best pitchers in the Negro American League western division.
• Roy Edward Johnson was born on June 27, 1959 in Parkin, Arkansas. He was an outfielder in Major League Baseball, playing mainly at center field in parts of three seasons for the Montreal Expos (1982, 1984–85).
• Harry Leroy Kelley was born on February 13, 1906 in Parkin, Arkansas. He was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1925 to 1926, and again from 1936 to 1939 for the Washington Senators and Philadelphia Athletics.
• Robert Francis Kellogg was born on August 4, 1917 in Wynne, Arkansas. He was an American professional football player. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Cardinals during the 1940 season.
• William Lloyd Lucas Jr was born on May 29, 1918 in Wynne, Arkansas. He was an American blues musician, who was part of the birth of the Chicago blues scene in the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s, before taking his talents to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and becoming an important part of that city's blues history until his death.
• Hugh Wilson Taylor was born on July 6, 1923 in Wynne, Arkansas. He was an American football player and coach. He played as an end for the Washington Redskins in the National Football League (NFL). He also coached for Florida State University and Arkansas State University after retiring from football.
• William H. Thomas was born on January 13, 1923 in Wynne, Arkansas. He was a United States Army soldier and recipient of the highest decoration of the United States military—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.
• Garland Hare Williams Jr was born on August 21, 1921 in Parkin, Arkansas. He was an American professional football player who played at the tackle position on both offense and defense. He played college football for Duke and Georgia, and professional football for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 and 1948, and the Chicago Hornets in 1949.
• Comer Vann Woodward was born on November 13, 1908 in Vanndale, Arkansas. He was an American historian who focused primarily on the American South and race relations. He was long a supporter of the approach of Charles A. Beard, stressing the influence of unseen economic motivations in politics.
• Paul Holden Young was born in Cherry Valley, Arkansas around 1890. He was master bamboo fly rod maker, fly tyer and fly fishing innovator. The work of Paul Young is greatly admired by anglers and collectors today.

Records and Resources

• United States Resources
• Arkansas State Genealogy Resources
• Wikipedia for Cross County, Arkansas
• FamilySearch - Cross County, Arkansas
• Encylopedia of Arkansas - Cross County

Sources

• Cross County, Arkansas 1889 Map. "Cross County, Arkansas 1889 Map." Accessed 10 Jun 2023.
• Heathstone Legacy Publications, (n.d.). "Cross County, Arkansas History and Genealogy." Accessed 10 June 2023.
• Cross County, Arkansas - Township Map. (n.d.). "Cross County, Arkansas Township Map." Accessed 10 Jun 2023.
• Wikipedia Contributors. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, last edited on 9 May 2023. "Wikipedia:Cross_County,_Arkansas." Accessed 10 Jun 2023.